scholarly journals Tomate (Solanum lycopersicum) production and bacterial canker management during COVID-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Alfredo Reyes-Tena ◽  
Sylvia P. Fernández-Pavía ◽  
Bárbara Hernández-Macías
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Bacterial Canker ◽  
Tomato Crop ◽  
Economic Support ◽  
Production And Distribution ◽  
Productive Process ◽  
Main Producer

<p>The tomato (<em>Solanum lycopersicum</em>) is part of the food basket of Mexicans and is the most consumed vegetable worldwide. Mexico is one of the main producer and exporter countries, the main market to export is the United States of America. The pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) seriously affected the economy and consequently the production and distribution of basic foods, including tomatoes. This work summarizes the experiences derived from the production, detection and phytosanitary management of <em>Clavibacter</em> <em>michiganensis</em> subsp. <em>michiganensis</em> during the July–December 2020 season in a tomato crop under macro tunnel located in Copándaro, Michoacán, Mexico. Agriculture, as an essential economic activity in the production of basic foods, must remain active as it is an unconfined productive process, with a low risk of contagion, and it’s a necessary activity for the economic support of agricultural workers.</p>

scholarly journals A LIMITAÇÃO DA REMUNERAÇÃO DO ADMINISTRADOR JUDICIAL DA FALÊNCIA E RECUPERAÇÃO JUDICIAL NA PERSPECTIVA DA PRESERVAÇÃO DA EMPRESA

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (58) ◽  
pp. 544
Author(s):  
Manoel De Queiroz Pereira CALÇAS ◽  
Ruth Maria Junqueira De Andrade Pereira e SILVA ◽  
Thiago Munaro GARCIA
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Social Function ◽  
The United States ◽  
Historical Evolution ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
Data Survey ◽  
Subsequent Reference

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo deste artigo é analisar a propositura da identificação de critérios objetivos de fixação da remuneração judicial; traçar uma evolução histórica do conceito de empresa, relacionando a distinção entre o papel do antigo síndico e a figura do administrador judicial; pesquisar os parâmetros da legislação brasileira, acompanhado da posterior referência ao direito estrangeiro e analisar casos brasileiros e a inconstância dos valores fixados a título de remuneração. Metodologia: A metodologia eleita seguiu uma abordagem indutiva por meio de um procedimento histórico, monográfico e comparativo, por meio do qual buscou-se analisar a legislação adotada pela Colômbia, Itália, França e Estados Unidos da América para refletir-se sobre a necessidade de adotar parâmetros mais específicos no que concerne à justa e adequada fixação da remuneração do administrador judicial na recuperação judicial. Resultados: Considerando o levantamento dos dados em torno da problemática sugerida neste artigo, a fixação da remuneração do administrador deve seguir critérios objetivos de modo a viabilizar a função social da empresa e o soerguimento desta, sem que ocorra o enriquecimento sem causa do auxiliar da Justiça. Contribuições: A principal contribuição deste estudo reside no apontamento de soluções que reflitam diretamente na manutenção dos empregos dos trabalhadores, protegendo-se os interesses dos credores, de modo a preservar a empresa e sua função social, além de promover o estímulo à atividade econômica. Palavras-chave: Recuperação judicial; falência; administrador; remuneração; razoabilidade. ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze the proposal for the identification of an objective criteria for setting judicial compensation; to trace a historical evolution of the company concept, relating the distinction between the role of the former liquidator and the figure of the judicial administrator; to research the parameters of Brazilian law accompanied by the subsequent reference to foreign law; and to analyze Brazilian cases and the inconsistency of the values set as compensation. Methodology:The chosen methodology followed an inductive approach by way of a historical, monographic and comparative procedure searching to analyze the legislation adopted by Colombia, Italy, France and the United States of America to reflect on the need to adopt parameters more specific regarding the fair and adequate setting of the compensation of the judicial administrator in the judicial recovery. Results: Considering the data survey on the issues suggested in this paper, the setting of the administrator's compensation must follow objective criteria in order to make the company's social function and uplift without the unjust enrichment of the Justice assistant. Contributions: The main contribution of this study lies in pointing out solutions that directly reflect the maintenance of workers' jobs and protect the interests of creditors in order to preserve the company and its social function, in addition to promoting the stimulus to economic activity. Keywords: Judicial reorganization; bankruptcy; administrator; compensation; reasonability.

NATO's Global Challenges and Russia's Cyberspatialities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 41-50
Author(s):  
Tamar Kupreishvili
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
The United States ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Economic Potential ◽  
Cyber Attack ◽  
Global Challenges

Information became more important than material or energy resources in the XXI century. Resources are generally defined as community-owned economic potential elements that can achieve specific goals in economic activity. For modern society, material, financial, labor, natural resources became commonplace. Estonia was the first state in Europe to carry out a massive cyber-attack in April and May 2007. That was why the states decided to get the first convention to defend their cyberspace as they defended their land, air, and sea spaces. In the XXI century in cyberspace, there are some main actors: The United States of America, Russia, Iran, China, North Korea, Israel. Russia is one of the most vital states in cybersecurity, which is constantly developing its abilities. The country has constant interests and goals for which he actively uses information space parallel with political and military opportunities.

Pensions and Low Inflation

2000 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 547-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.M.C. Meredith ◽  
N.P. Horsfall ◽  
J.M. Harrison ◽  
K. Kneller ◽  
J.M. Knight ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
Working Party ◽  
The United States ◽  
Defined Benefit ◽  
Defined Contribution ◽  
Scheme Design ◽  
Current Contribution ◽  
Bond Returns ◽  
The Cost

ABSTRACTThis Working Party has considered the pensions implications of a prolonged period of low inflation. Experience in the United States of America suggests weaker correlation between equity and bond returns and greater overall volatility of returns. Without a further significant increase in the valuation of equities relative to their underlying economic activity, the cost of pensions will rise, possibly as much as doubling within the next 15 years. It follows that for defined contribution schemes and personal pensions, current contribution levels are likely to produce disappointing and generally inadequate results. Similarly, the costs of defined benefit promises will increase. Future defined benefit provision is also vulnerable to the mismatch of mainly equity assets with mainly fixed liabilities and is therefore difficult to control. Many practical issues of scheme design still reflect past inflation and need to be addressed.

scholarly journals Teacher Education and the Challenges of Global Economic Meltdown

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
pp. 121-131
Author(s):  
J.B. Babalola ◽  
Adesoji A. Oni ◽  
Ademola Atanda
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Teacher Education ◽  
Sustainable Development ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Economic Activity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
American Economy ◽  
Broad Understanding

The global economic meltdown is a serious worldwide malfunctioning economic activity that started in the United States of America in December, 2000 but became obvious in 2007 and full-blown between 2008 and 2009. The meltdown is characterized by drastic streamlining, rightsizing and downsizing of human and financial resources in both public and private sectors of the American economy. This paper sets out to identify the challenges the global economic meltdown poses to teacher education in Nigeria and also seeks means of handling such challenges. To have a broad understanding of the challenges the global economic meltdown have posed to teacher education, the next section of this paper highlights the meltdown as part of the global radical changes in environmental, economic, political, technological and social spheres since the beginning of this millennium. The paper concluded with recommendation of how teacher education can be made relevant for sustainable development.

Thinking About Scots Law

1996 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Rodger
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
British Empire ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Case Law ◽  
The United States ◽  
Memorial Lecture ◽  
University Of Edinburgh ◽  
The University

This article is the revised text of the first W A Wilson Memorial Lecture, given in the Playfair Library, Old College, in the University of Edinburgh, on 17 May 1995. It considers various visions of Scots law as a whole, arguing that it is now a system based as much upon case law and precedent as upon principle, and that its departure from the Civilian tradition in the nineteenth century was part of a general European trend. An additional factor shaping the attitudes of Scots lawyers from the later nineteenth century on was a tendency to see themselves as part of a larger Englishspeaking family of lawyers within the British Empire and the United States of America.

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