scholarly journals Incidence of Cereal Cyst Nematode Prevailing in Wheat-rice Growing Regions of Punjab Province, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Imran Hamid ◽  
M. Usman Ghazanfar ◽  
M. Qaiser Naeem Khan ◽  
Zaib ul Hasan ◽  
Saman Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Nematode Species ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Rice Fields ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Punjab Province ◽  
Rice Monoculture

Background: Cereal Cyst Nematodes (CCN) are prevailing in all type of agricultural lands and responsible for enormous losses of cereal crops. The understandings on population densities and management of these nematode are required to improve crop health and productivity.Methods: A study was designed to assess the incidence of cereal cyst nematodes in wheat and rice monoculture cropping regions of eight districts of Punjab province, viz., Jhang, Khushab, layyah, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Narowal, Gujranwala and Sargodha in Pakistan. Population densities of cereal cyst nematodes were studied by extracting the cysts and second stage juveniles from soil samples and identified the nematode species. Result: The CCNs were found in 80% of the total 250 samples collected from wheat and rice monoculture fields of at least one crop. In the soil samples collected from wheat fields, an average of 7 to 38 cysts/100g of dry soil with eggs and J2 population of 142-771 were recorded. Whereas from the soil samples of rice fields, 17 to 25 cysts/100g soil were found with 345 to 508 eggs and juveniles. Among the wheat fields, the lowest incidence of 5.5% was recorded in kot–momin and highest incidence of 16.88% was recorded in Silanwali tehsils of Sargodha region. In rice fields, 24.69 to 27.00% incidence of CCNs was noticed in soil samples of various surveyed regions. Three different species of Heterodera genus were morphologically identified from the collections. The species includes Heterodera oryzae, Heterodera avenae and Heterodera graminophila. H. oryzae was more abundant in rice growing regions while H. avenae and H. graminophila were present dominantly in wheat growing regions. This study provides an inclusive information regarding cereal cyst nematode densities and species in wheat-rice growing regions of Punjab province of Pakistan.

Electrophoresis and biotest studies on some populations of cereal cyst nematode, Heterodera spp. (Tylenchida: Heteroderidae)

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (6) ◽  
pp. 857-865 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stig Andersson ◽  
Ricardo Holgado ◽  
Christer Magnusson ◽  
Janet Rowe
Keyword(s):  
Isoelectric Focusing ◽  
Banding Pattern ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Norwegian Population ◽  
Host Spectrum ◽  
Cereal Cultivars

AbstractProtein variability of 27 populations of cyst nematodes belonging to the Heterodera avenae complex were studied using isoelectric focusing (IEF). Sixteen Norwegian populations were compared with standard populations of H. avenae, H. filipjevi, H. mani and H. arenaria. Norwegian populations were also tested for pathotype on selected cereal cultivars. Based on differences in the protein banding pattern, eight clusters of populations could be recognised. Nine Norwegian populations grouped together with H. avenae standards. The three Swedish populations: Knislinge, Ringsåsen and Våxtorp, previously classified as H. avenae, differed from this species, from H. filipjevi and from each other. Four Norwegian populations clustered together with the Våxtorp population. Two Norwegian populations formed a cluster together with a Swedish H. filipjevi standard. The Norwegian population Brekstad differed from all other populations, as did the standards of H. mani and H. arenaria. Pathotype testing of the Norwegian populations identified ten populations as H. avenae pathotype Ha 11, while three were close to pathotype Ha 12. The two H. filipjevi populations were close to the Swedish pathotype west. The Brekstad population differed from all others also in host spectrum. This population and the Våxtorp-group demonstrate a complexity within the Norwegian cereal cyst nematodes that merits further investigation.

scholarly journals Occurrence and Development of the Cereal Cyst Nematode (Heterodera avenae) in Shandong, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (12) ◽  
pp. 1654-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hai Yan Wu ◽  
Qiong He ◽  
Jing Liu ◽  
Jian Luo ◽  
De Liang Peng
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Life Stages ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Booting Stage

The cereal cyst nematode (CCN), Heterodera aveane, has been found in 16 provinces of China, including the Shandong winter-wheat-growing region. This study investigated the population dynamics of H. avenae in the winter wheat ‘Jimai 22’ and ‘Tainong 18’ for two consecutive years in the field. Soil and root samples were collected during the winter-wheat-growing season and H. avenae population densities and life-stages determined. H. avenae population dynamics in roots and soil of the two winter wheat cultivars were similar over the 2-year period. Second-stage juvenile (J2) population densities in wheat roots were greatest during booting stage (April), when mean soil temperature was between 11.8 and 14.4°C. Cysts in rhizosphere soil increased significantly when new cysts were formed after Zadoks (Z) 47 (booting stage). There was a peak in J2 population densities in soil during Z23 and Z30 (tillering and stem elongation, respectively) whereas J2 population densities were the lowest at Z13 (seedling stage). This research provides important information indicating that J2 populations in roots and soil increased after the wheat winter dormancy period. Knowledge of when different life stages of H. avenae occur in winter wheat in Shandong will provide valuable insights to enable the development of an integrated approach to manage this plant-parasitic nematode.

Occurrence of the White Soybean Cyst Nematode, Heterodera sojae, and the Soybean Cyst Nematode, H. glycines, in Korea

Plant Disease ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 105 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heonil Kang ◽  
Hyoungrai Ko ◽  
Donggeun Kim ◽  
Insoo Choi
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Wide Distribution ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Soybean Plants

Soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines, SCN) is the most harmful pathogen of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) worldwide. In 2016, a new soybean-parasitic cyst nematode, Heterodera sojae (the white soybean cyst nematode) was found parasitizing the roots of soybean plants in Korea. To investigate the distribution and population density of H. sojae, 943 soil samples were collected from soybean fields in all nine provinces in Korea in 2017 to 2018. Cyst nematodes were detected in 343 samples (36.4%) from eight of the nine provinces, except the island of Jeju province. Among the 343 samples, H. glycines was found in 227 samples (66.2%), H. sojae in 95 samples (27.7%), and 21 samples (6.1%) were infested with both H. sojae and H. glycines. Wide distribution of H. sojae in soybean fields indicates that H. sojae is an important cyst nematode species parasitizing soybean together with H. glycines.

scholarly journals Potato Cyst Nematode in East Java: Newly Infected Areas and Identification

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Happy Cahya Nugrahana ◽  
Siwi Indarti ◽  
Edhi Martono
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Parasitic Nematode ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Plant Parasitic

Potato Cyst Nematodes (PCN), Globodera rostochiensis has noted to be a devastated pest on potato in Indonesia. It is listed as the A2 pest by Plant Quarantine of Republik Indonesia, and it was also being a highly concerned plant parasitic nematode species worlwide. Therefore, both intensive and extensive surveys should be done to monitor the spread of PCN, especially in East Java as one of the centre of potato plantations in Indonesia. The aim of this study was to study the distribution of PCN in four potato plantations in East Java, i.e. Batu, Magetan, Probolinggo, and Pasuruan which were located between 1,205 to 2,063 m above the sea level. Extraction and isolation of cysts from soil samples was done using Baunacke method, and it was followed by identification of the nematodes using morphological and molecular approaches according to Baldwin and Mundo-Ocampo. The results showed that PCN was found on all sampling sites, i.e. Batu (Sumber Brantas, Jurang Kuali, Tunggangan, Junggo, Brakseng); Magetan (Dadi, Sarangan, Singolangu); Probolinggo (Tukul, Pandansari, Ledokombo, Sumberanom, Wonokerto, Ngadas), Pasuruan (Wonokerto, Tosari, Ledoksari, Ngadiwono). Magetan and Pasuruan were noted as new infested areas in East Java. Both morphological and molecular methods showed that the species found on all sites was Globodera rostochiensis. IntisariNematoda Sista Kentang (NSK), Globodera rostochiensis telah tercatat sebagai hama yang menghancurkan tanaman kentang di Indonesia. NSK terdaftar sebagai Organisme Pengganggu Tumbuhan Karantina golongan A2 oleh Badan Karantina Pertanian Republik Indonesia, dan juga merupakan spesies nematoda parasit tanaman yang sangat merugikan di seluruh dunia. Oleh karena itu, baik survei intensif maupun ekstensif harus dilakukan untuk memantau penyebaran NSK, terutama di Jawa Timur sebagai salah satu sentra tanaman kentang di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mempelajari distribusi NSK pada empat daerah sentra penanaman kentang di Jawa Timur, yaitu Batu, Magetan, Probolinggo, dan Pasuruan yang terletak antara 1.205 sampai 2.063 m di atas permukaan laut. Ekstraksi dan isolasi sista NSK dari sampel tanah dilakukan dengan metode Baunacke, dan dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menurut Baldwin dan Mundo-Ocampo. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa NSK ditemukan di semua lokasi pengambilan sampel, yaitu Batu (Sumber Brantas, Jurang Kuali, Tunggangan, Junggo, Brakseng); Magetan (Dadi, Sarangan, Singolangu); Probolinggo (Tukul, Pandansari, Ledokombo, Sumberanom, Wonokerto, Ngadas), Pasuruan (Wonokerto, Tosari, Ledoksari, Ngadiwono). Magetan dan Pasuruan tercatat sebagai daerah sebaran baru di Jawa Timur. Hasil identifikasi secara morfologi dan molekuler menunjukkan bahwa spesies yang ditemukan di semua lokasi adalah Globodera rostochiensis.

scholarly journals First Report of the Pale Potato Cyst Nematode Globodera pallida from Bosnia and Herzegovina

Plant Disease ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 98 (4) ◽  
pp. 575-575 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Nježić ◽  
B. Gerič Stare ◽  
S. Širca ◽  
N. Grujić
Keyword(s):  
Bosnia And Herzegovina ◽  
Potato Production ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematode ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Seed Potatoes ◽  
Infested Field

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN), the golden cyst nematode Globodera rostochiensis (Woll.) Bahrens, and the pale potato cyst nematode G. pallida (Stone) stand out by their remarkable and efficient parasitic adaptations causing high economic losses in potato production worldwide. They are A2 quarantine pests in EPPO countries as well as in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Up to now, only G. rostochiensis was reported from Bosnia and Herzegovina in 2011 (1). A systematic survey on the presence of PCN on entire territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina started in 2011. During the PCN survey, each year 120 soil samples of 1.5 liters were collected in the Republic of Srpska, one of the two entities of Bosnia and Herzegovina. The samples were collected by soil auger 10 cm in length with a diameter of 1.5 cm consisting of 100 cores. Entire samples were processed by Seinhorst elutriator (4). In autumn of 2012, PCN viable cysts were found in two soil samples originating from one field. From one sample, 12 cysts were extracted, and 2 from another sample. The morphology of cysts and second stage juveniles and molecular analysis established the identity of this species as pale cyst nematode G. pallida (3). In addition, the sequencing of the ribosomal DNA region revealed unequivocal similarity to G. pallida (GenBank Accession No. HF968449), while PCR-RFLP analysis (2) showed European type of G. pallida. The infested field is located in Rogatica, 70 km east of Sarajevo, which is one of the main seed and potato production areas in Bosnia and Herzegovina. The field history revealed that farm-propagated, farm-saved seed potatoes could spread the nematodes to other fields as well. Therefore, 26 additional samples were taken from the fields that belong to the infested field owner and the surrounding fields, but no cysts were found in additional samples. To determine infestation focus and its size, the infested field (1.1 ha) was divided into 46 plots (25 × 10 m) and resampled by taking samples of 60 cores per plot. The detailed sampling of the field revealed a high infestation of 1 cyst per gram of soil in the infestation focus. The high infestation level and the propagation of farm-own seed potatoes suggest that the introduction of G. pallida might have occurred several years ago, probably with imported seed potatoes. The infested field was subjected to the phytosanitary measure of banning potato production for a period of 6 years with the possibility of its prolongation, if cysts with live content are found afterward. It is expected that the nematode is present in other fields due to the farmer's practices of propagating farm-saved seed potatoes and deficient field machinery hygiene. Therefore, the whole area will be intensively monitored for the presence of PCN in the future. An adequate pest management plan will be prepared after PCN pathotype identification. To our knowledge, only one field was found infested with G. pallida during the 3-year PCN survey in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Strict phytosanitary measures for preventing further PCN introductions and spreading should be intensified. References: (1) I. Ostojić et al. Plant Dis. 95:883, 2011. (2) S. Širca et al. Phytopathol. Mediterr. 49:361, 2010. (3) A. M. Skantar et al. J. Nematol. 39:133, 2007. (4) J. van Bezooijen. Methods and Techniques for Nematology, Wageningen University, 2006.

Influence of cereal cyst nematode (Heterodera avenae) on wheat yields in South Australia

1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (112) ◽  
pp. 516 ◽  
Author(s):  
AD Rovira ◽  
PG Brisbane ◽  
A Simon ◽  
DG Whitehead ◽  
RL Correll
Keyword(s):  
Wheat Variety ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Cereal Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Avenae ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Significant Yield ◽  
Yield Responses

Significant yield responses of up to 0.9 t/ha were obtained with the nematicides aldicarb and dibromochloropropane in seven of eleven field trials with the wheat variety, Condor. Both nematicides reduced the numbers of white cysts of Heterodera avenae on the roots of wheat. With aldicarb the increase in wheat yields varied directly as the decrease in white cysts: dibromochloropropane gave similar increases in yield as aldicarb with a greater reduction in cyst numbers. There was no yield increase with either nematicide when cereal cyst nematode was not present. An analysis of covariance indicated that over all the sites 64% of the increase in yield due to aldicarb could be explained in terms of cysts of cereal cyst nematode.

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