Sero-prevalence and Risk Factor Analysis of BoHV-1 in Bovines in Haryana State of India

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aman Kumar ◽  
Suman Chaudhary ◽  
C. S. Patil ◽  
Yogesh Banger ◽  
Vipin Khasa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
The State ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Eastern Zone ◽  
The Status ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Clinical Conditions

Background: Bovine herpesvirus-1 (BoHV-1) is an important pathogen of cattle and buffaloes associated with various clinical conditions including infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) and abortion. To know the status of BoHV-1, a cross-sectional serological study was conducted with the objectives of estimating the apparent prevalence of BoHV-1 and potential risk factor among unorganized cattle and buffalo herds. Method: A total of 490 serum samples were collected from cattle and buffaloes from all twenty two (22) districts of Haryana from unorganised herd randomly and tested for antibodies against BoHV-1 using ELISA. Result: The overall percent sero-prevalence of BoHV-1 was observed as 48.78% however the species wise sero-prevalence was 37.77% in cattle and 62.27% in buffaloes. The overall sero-prevalence was significantly (p less than 0.05) associated with species, zone and age of animals. The likelihood of BoHV-1 was significantly higher (2.72 times) in buffaloes (Odds ratio (OR) =2.72, 95% Confidence Interval (CI):1.86; 3.98) than in cattle (OR=1). Eastern zone of the state showed higher (1.52 times, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.26) likelihood of BoHV-1 as compared to western zone (OR=1.00).The aged animals with age³6.5 years (2.96 times), followed by 2.5-4.5 years (2.44 times) and 4.5-6.5 years (1.68 times) showed higher likelihood than younger animals (Age less than 2.5 years). Further, it can be concluded that BoHV1 is circulating among livestock population in the state.

scholarly journals Antibodies against Bovine herpesvirus 1 in dairy herds in the state of Espirito Santo, Brasil

Revista CERES ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 280-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcus Rebouças Santos ◽  
Hanna Carolina Campos Ferreira ◽  
Marcos Antônio dos Santos ◽  
Giuliana Loreto Saraiva ◽  
Natália Filardi Tafuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
The State ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Cattle Herds ◽  
Espirito Santo

Bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1) causes major losses in worldwide livestock, affecting the respiratory and reproductive tracts of bovine. In the past decades, the number of cases in Brazil has been gradually increasing. Therefore, it is important to assess the distribution of infection in different regions of the country. In the state of Espírito Santo (ES) the BoHV 1 infection rate in dairy cattle herds is unknown. Thus, the aim of this study was to detect neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1 in serum samples from 1,161 non-vaccinated cows from 59 dairy cattle herds in 23 municipalities of the Metropolitan, North, Northwest and South macro-regions. The identification of seropositive cows was evaluated by the virus neutralization test. The results showed that of all serum samples evaluated 775 (66.75%) had neutralizing antibodies against BoHV-1. Moreover, all herds were found positive; however, the percentage of positive cows varied among regions; 49.06%, 62.15%, 67.21% and 80.04% for the Metropolitan, South, North and Northwest macro-regions, respectively. In this study, the results clearly indicate the dissemination of the viral agent in dairy cattle in the ES state, requiring the monitoring and control of diseases related to BoHV-1 infection.

scholarly journals Epidemiological situation of bovine brucellosis in the State of Paraiba, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inácio José Clementino ◽  
Ricardo Augusto Dias ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
Fernando Ferreira ◽  
Evelise Oliveira Telles ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Odds Ratio ◽  
The State ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Bovine Brucellosis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
The Rose ◽  
Positive Results ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

This study was performed to characterize the epidemiological status of brucellosis in the State of Paraíba, Brazil. The State was divided into three regions. Herds were randomly sampled in each region and a pre-established number of animals were sampled in each of these herds. A total of 3,489 serum samples from 674 herds were collected. In each herd, an epidemiological questionnaire was conducted. This questionnaire focused on herd traits, as well as husbandry and sanitary practices that could be associated with the risk of infection. The serum samples were screened for antibodies against Brucella spp. by the Rose-Bengal Test (RBT), and all positive sera were confirmed by the 2-mercaptoethanol test (2-ME). The herd was considered positive if at least one animal had positive results for both the RBT and the 2-ME test. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the State were 4.6% [3.2-6.5%] and 2.5% [1.1-3.9%], respectively. The prevalence rates of infected herds and animals in the regions were, respectively: region 1, 3.2% [1.5-6.6%] and 1.7% [0.5-5.7%]; region 2, 2.2% [0.9-5.2%] and 0.7% [0.3-1.7%]; and region 3, 7.9% [5.0-12.2%] and 3.2% [1.6-6.3%]. The risk factor (odds ratio, OR) associated with the presence of the infection was Zebuine as the predominant breed (OR=12.30 [1.32-114.64]).

scholarly journals Detection of Bovine Herpesvirus-1-Specific IgM Using a Capture Enzyme Immune Assay with Isotype-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies

1989 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-145 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Osorio ◽  
Subramaniam Srikumaran ◽  
Marvin Rhodes ◽  
David Christensen ◽  
Pushpa Srikumaran
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibodies ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Viral Reactivation ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Igm Antibody ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

The detection of virus-specific immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies in acute-phase serum samples offers the possibility of making an accurate and rapid serologic diagnosis. We have developed a solid-phase capture assay that uses murine monoclonal antibodies specific for bovine IgM to separate the whole IgM fraction of a bovine serum sample. The IgM specific for bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1) is then detected by the addition of viral antigen, which in turn is detected by BHV-1-specific monoclonal antibodies conjugated to horseradish peroxidase. A BHV-1 IgM antibody response was detected during the early postinfection period (7–40 days PI). Bovine herpesvirus-1 IgM antibody was not detected in sera taken from 3 animals following dexamethasone-induced viral reactivation. This method compares favorably with viral isolation, antigen detection in the clinical samples, and paired serology in the diagnosis of BHV-1 infection at a herd level.

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and distribution of leptospiral serovars in livestock (cattle, goats, and sheep) in flood-prone Kelantan, Malaysia

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Sabri Abdul Rahman ◽  
Siti Khairani Bejo ◽  
Zunita Zakaria ◽  
Latiffah Hassan ◽  
Mohd Azri Roslan
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Agglutination Test ◽  
The State ◽  
Microscopic Agglutination Test ◽  
Bacterial Disease ◽  
Serum Samples

AbstractIntroductionLeptospirosis is a bacterial disease that affects both humans and animals, the occurrence of which increases markedly during and after heavy rainfall and flooding. The aim of this study was to determine the serological prevalence of leptospiral infection in livestock after a voluminous flood in 10 districts of the Malaysian state of Kelantan.Material and MethodsIn December 2014, Kelantan was hit by an extensive flood. A total of 1,728 serum samples were collected from livestock from the state, comprised of 1,024 from cattle, 366 from goats and 338 from sheep, and they were tested using the microscopic agglutination test (MAT).ResultsAltogether, 203 (11.75%; 203/1728; 95% CI: 10.20%–13.30%) of the tested sera were found to be positive serologically. Cattle had the highest prevalence of 14.16% (145/1024), while goats and sheep had 11.20% (41/366) and 5.03% (17/338) respectively. The most frequent serovars detected were Hardjo-bovis (3.70%; 64/1728), Hebdomadis (2.08%; 36/1728) and Pomona (1.04%; 18/1728). There was a statistically significant association (P < 0.05) between livestock that were exposed to the flood and seropositivity.ConclusionThis study showed that flood is a risk factor that can play a role in the epidemiology of leptospiral infection in livestock.

scholarly journals Epidemiologic characterization of bovine tuberculosis in the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil

2016 ◽  
Vol 37 (5Supl2) ◽  
pp. 3567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason Onell Ardila Galvis ◽  
José Henrique Hildebrand Grisi-Filho ◽  
Daniele Da Costa ◽  
Alba Luisa Pereira Ribeiro Said ◽  
Marcos Amaku ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Tuberculosis ◽  
Tuberculin Test ◽  
Reproductive Activity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Fixed Number ◽  
The State ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Espírito Santo ◽  
Apparent Prevalence ◽  
Espirito Santo

A cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2012 and May 2014 to investigate the status of bovine tuberculosis in the state of Espírito Santo. The state was divided into two regions, and in each of them, 300 farms with reproductive activity were randomly selected and considered as the primary sampling units. In the selected farms, a fixed number of female bovines aged over 2 years were randomly selected to undergo a comparative cervical tuberculin test; an epidemiologic questionnaire was also applied. In the state of Espírito Santo, the apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive farms was 7.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] = 5.7-9.9). Prevalence at the herd level varied from 4.6% (95% CI = 2.6-7.3) in region 1 to 11.1% (95% CI = 7.7-15.3) in region 2. The apparent prevalence of tuberculosis-positive animals was 0.7% (95% CI = 0.3-1.1) in the state, and the prevalence varied from 0.3% (95% CI = 0.2-0.6) in region 1 to 1.2% (95% CI = 0.3-2.9) in region 2. The risk factors associated with tuberculosis prevalence in Espírito Santo were the number of adult females ? 10 (odds ratio [OR] = 2.40; 95% CI = 1.17-5.31) and milking type (milking machine/milking parlor) (OR = 2.88; 95% CI = 1.36-5.86]). The state of Espírito Santo should set up a surveillance system to detect and control bovine tuberculosis, taking into account the importance of dairy farms and animal trade in the state.

Seroprevalence and risk factors of Toxoplasma gondii infection in humans in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia

2015 ◽  
Vol 144 (1) ◽  
pp. 64-71 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. TILAHUN ◽  
Y. HAILU ◽  
G. TILAHUN ◽  
H. ASHENAFI ◽  
M. VITALE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Congenital Toxoplasmosis ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Multivariable Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Recent Infection ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Status ◽  
Toxoplasma Gondii Infection

SUMMARYA cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2013 to September 2013 to determine the seroprevalence and possible risk factors for human Toxplasma gondii infection in East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia. Serum samples were analysed using direct agglutination test, and immunosorbent agglutination assay for detecting IgG (n = 354) and IgM (n = 167) T. gondii antibodies. The T. gondii IgG and IgM seroprevalences were 65·8% [95% confidence interval (CI) 60·62–70·75] and 8·98% (95% CI 5·11–14·38), respectively. Gender difference in IgG seroprevalence was not significant (P > 0·05), but 69·5% of adults exhibited an IgG seroresponse to T. gondii. Pregnant women showed 76·4% and 9·3% seropositivity to IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified the risk factors significantly associated with T. gondii seropositivity were district [odds ratio (OR) 2·24, 95% CI 1·25–4·01, P = 0·007], pipe water source (OR 6·70, 95% CI 2·70–16·64, P < 0·001), age, with adults (OR 4·32, 95% CI 1·91–9·75, P < 0·001), and keeping cats in the home (OR 2·01, 95% CI 1·11–3·65, P = 0·021). The high seroprevalence of toxoplasmosis in the human population in the study area and the corresponding level of IgM seropositivity may be indicative of reactivation or recent infection and further studies on the status of congenital toxoplasmosis in the study area merit consideration.

scholarly journals Establishing presence of antibodies against bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV), parainfluenza virus 3 (PI3) and bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) in blood serum of cattle using indirect immunoenzyme probe

2009 ◽  
Vol 63 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Horea Samanc ◽  
Nenad Milic ◽  
Velibor Stojic ◽  
Dejan Knezevic ◽  
Ivan Vujanac ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Blood Serum ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus ◽  
Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus ◽  
Parainfluenza Virus ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Syncytial Virus

A total of 92 samples of bovine blood serum were examined for the presence of antibodies against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus using indirect immunoenzyme probe - iELISA. Specific antibodies against the bovine respiratory syncytial virus (BRSV) were established in 46, or 50% blood serum samples. Investigations of the 92 blood serum samples of cattle for the presence of antibodies against the parainfluenza virus 3 (PI 3), revealed their presence in 77, or 83.69% of the samples, and the presence of antibodies against the bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV 1) was established in 19, or 20.65% of the samples.

scholarly journals DISTRIBUTION OF BOVINE HERPESVIRUS 1 IN CATTLE POPULATION AND BULLS FROM CENTERS FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION AND PRIVATE FARMS IN BULGARIA

2013 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-17
Author(s):  
Raiko Peshev ◽  
Lilly Christova
Keyword(s):  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Gene Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Bovine Herpesvirus 1 ◽  
Serological Examination ◽  
Elisa Testing ◽  
Vaginal Swabs ◽  
Cattle Serum ◽  
Herpesvirus 1

The aim of the study is determination of the BHV 1 incidence among the bovine population in Bulgaria by using various ELISA tests for antibody detection and diff erent methods for proving viral antigen. Commercial diagnostic ELISA kits were used for screening as well as for confi rmation of the antibodies. Serological examination encompassed 2973 serum samples from bovine population in Bulgaria (cattle, calves and bulls) originating from 21 country regions. Total 408 cattle and 150 bulls’ samples originating from artifi cial insemination centers (AIC), commune and private farms from 21 country regions were subjected to virology testing. Identifi cation of isolated viruses was performed using conventional and nested PCRs for BHV 1 gB gene detection. Th e percentage of positively reacting cattle sera were signifi cantly (p < 0.001) higher (38.3%) then that of bulls (29.3%) after ELISA testing of 2240 cattle serum samples and 733 bulls’ sera. Seven strains with BHV 1 characteristics were isolated from Dobrich, Lovech – 2 strains, Plovdiv, Targovishte, Pazardjik and Svishtov regions after cultivation 408 samples from cattle and calves (buff y coats, nasal, eyes, vaginal swabs, tissues and organs) on cell cultures. Th ree BHV 1 strains were isolated from Sliven, Shumen and Blagoevgrad regions aft er examining 150 bulls’ samples (nasal, eyes, preputial, semen samples and buff y coats). Confi rmation of virus isolation was accomplished using PCR gB gene based primers (amplified 478 bp) Th e amplicons from 3 bulls isolated strains with the same size and location as the referent Oxford strain were observed. After performance of nested PCR for gB gen, products with size of 385 bp were obtained in all samples as well as in the referent Oxford strain.

scholarly journals Sero-Prevalence of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS) in Pigs of Different Developmental Regions of Nepal

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 218-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahesh K.C. ◽  
Bhoj Raj Joshi ◽  
Swoyam Prakash Shrestha ◽  
Meera Prajapati ◽  
Dipak Kathayat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Control Strategies ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Antibody Detection ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Prrs Virus ◽  
Housing Systems ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Status ◽  
Prevalence Difference

Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is a highly infectious viral disease of swine. This disease is becoming threat to pig industry of every corner of the world. As the status of this disease in Nepal is not properly understood so far, a cross-sectional sero-prevalence study was carried out in four development regions. A total of 200 blood samples were collected from major pig producing areas of eight districts of four development regions of Nepal and the serum samples were tested for antibodies against PRRS virus by rapid antibody detection kit (Immunochromatographic test using colloidal gold immunoassay: Schenzhen Lvshiyuan biotechnology Co. Ltd, China). Among the tested serum samples, 37 were found to be positive for PRRS indicating 18.5% prevalence of the disease. Statistically the prevalence difference was significant between different development regions and between topographical regions (P<0.05) of the country, but no significant difference was observed in age, sex and housing systems of pigs. Presence of antibodies in serum against PRRSV in the unvaccinated pig population of the country clearly indicates that pigs of the surveyed regions of Nepal have already been exposed to PRRS virus and the disease should be given adequate attention during differential diagnosis of porcine respiratory diseases in Nepal. Further studies are needed for molecular characterization of the virus and to develop control strategies against this disease in the country.Int J Appl Sci Biotechnol, Vol 3(2): 218-222 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ijasbt.v3i2.12539 

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