Illustration of Key Morphological Characteristics of Phytophthora cajani-Pathogen of Phytophthora Blight of Pigeonpea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jadesha ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
P. Narayan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Stimulation Of

Background: Phytophthora cajani causing the Phytophthora blight (PB) disease of pigeonpea. The disease will rampant during excessive rainfall coupled with hot and humid weather during the cropping season. The present study on micro and macro morphological characteristics can contribute to the identification and specification of biology of Phytophthora spp. There are no detailed studies concerning the characterization of the P. cajani are available with this backdrop the present investigation was taken. Methods: Phytophthora cajani was isolated on V-8 PARP medium, whereas stimulation of zoospores and sporangia was done using the diluted tomato juice broth. Micro and macro morphological characteristics of P. cajani were studied using micrometry and Olympus CX41 phase-contrast microscope. Result: The pathogen was homothallic with amphigynous antheridium and oogonium and able to produce oospore in vitro. Sporangium was nonpapillate, noncaducous, oviod-obpyriform shape. Further, the macro morphological characteristics like mycelial radial growth and colony type were studied. The colony characteristics were dull white, flat and rosette pattern. Other culture characteristics like optimum temperature and RH were mostly consistent with those reported former.

Characterization of insulin glycation in insulin-secreting cells maintained in tissue culture

1997 ◽  
Vol 152 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-67 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y H A Abdel-Wahab ◽  
F P M O'Harte ◽  
C R Barnett ◽  
P R Flatt
Keyword(s):  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Secretory Activity ◽  
Protein Glycation ◽  
Subsequent Exposure ◽  
Insulin Secreting Cells ◽  
Per Se ◽  
Stimulation Of

Abstract Characteristics of cellular insulin glycation were examined in the pancreatic B-cell line, BRIN-BD11. The extent of insulin glycation increased stepwise during 72 h of culture at 5·6–33·3 mmol/l glucose, attaining levels up to 27%. Glycation of insulin at 33·3 mmol/l glucose was rapid, reaching maximal values within 2 h, and not readily reversible during 2 to 24 h of subsequent exposure to 5·6 mmol/l glucose. Glycated insulin was readily secreted by BRIN-BD11 cells upon active stimulation with glucose and other secretagogues. Cellular insulin glycation was decreased by 66–80% by inhibitors of protein glycation, vitamin C, aminoguanidine or acetylsalicylic acid. Modulation of insulin-secretory activity of BRIN-BD11 cells by co-culture at high glucose with diazoxide, l-alanine or glibenclamide indicated that long-term stimulation of secretion was associated with a decrease in the extent of insulin glycation. Glycation of insulin in vitro was substantially less extensive than in BRIN-BD11 cells, although glucose-6-phosphate and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate were 1·4- to 2·0-fold more reactive than glucose per se. These observations indicate that insulin is readily glycated and secreted from insulin-secreting cells under hyperglycaemic conditions in culture. Journal of Endocrinology (1997) 152, 59–67

Laboratory Protocol for Induction of Sporulation in Phytophthora cajani causing Phytophthora Blight in Pigeonpea

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Jadesha ◽  
Mamta Sharma ◽  
P. Narayan Reddy
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Culture Conditions ◽  
Fluorescent Light ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
Phytophthora Blight ◽  
Phytophthora Spp ◽  
Tomato Extract ◽  
Culture Plate ◽  
Laboratory Protocol

Background: Phytophthora blight (PB), caused by Phytophthora cajani is a prominent disease in the low laying areas combined with intermittent rainfall. Induction of zoospores and sporangia of P. cajani in culture plate is troublesome and also limited information is available on the protocol for sporulation of sporangia and zoospores in the laboratory, The study developed and validated the protocol for induction of sporangia and zoospore of P. cajani. Methods: The Protocol using 5-7 days old culture, diluted tomato extract broth and other culture conditions like the temperature of 30oC, alternate 12 hours of fluorescent light (2000 Lx) and dark can induce abundant sporangia and zoospores in vitro. Result: The study developed and validated the new protocol for uniform and profuse induction of sporangia and zoospores of P. cajani. Diplanetism mechanism of Phytophthora spp. was recorded with P. cajani the findings are the first of its kind. Additionally, the study revealed the concentration of 1x10-5 zoospores/ml is optimum to develop the infection in plants with the shortest incubation period of 24 hours.

Quantitation and characterization of leukotriene products released following immunologic stimulation of human lung cells in vitro

CHEST Journal ◽  
1983 ◽  
Vol 83 (5) ◽  
pp. 81S-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. G. Leitch ◽  
R. A. Lewis ◽  
E. J. Corey ◽  
K. F. Austen
Keyword(s):  
Human Lung ◽  
Lung Cells ◽  
Human Lung Cells ◽  
Stimulation Of

Preparation and Characterization of Folate-Decorated Chitosan Microspheres as a Sustained-Release Drugs Carrier

2013 ◽  
Vol 684 ◽  
pp. 57-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi Hua Xing
Keyword(s):  
Encapsulation Efficiency ◽  
Average Particle Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Average Particle ◽  
Loading Capacity ◽  
Chitosan Microspheres ◽  
Ionic Crosslinking ◽  
Artificial Gastric Juice

Folic acid-chitosan (FA-CTS) and 10-hydroxycamptothecin (HCPT)-loaded folate-conjugated chitosan (FA-CTS/HCPT) microspheres were prepared by the ionic crosslinking method.The morphological characteristics of microspheres were examined using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). The average particle size and size distribution were determined by dynamic light scattering. The drug encapsulation efficiency (EE) , loading capacity (LC)and release characteristics in vitro were determined using ultraviolet spectrophotometer.The results shown that the microspheres are uniform spherical and regular with a size between 19.79 and81.40μm.Optimized preparation parameters lead to the successful preparation of hydroxycamptothecin-loaded folate-conjugated chitosan microspheres characterized with encapsulation efficiency and loading capacity up to (86.8±0.1)% and 20.6±0.3 % respectively. More then 90% of 10-hydroxycamptothecin was released from microspheres in 4 h at artificial gastric juice, 8h at artificial small intestinal fluid with a good delayed release effect.

scholarly journals Induction and Characterization of Tetraploids from Seeds of Bletilla striata (Thunb.) Reichb.f.

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Meiya Li ◽  
Bin Ding ◽  
Weipeng Huang ◽  
Jieli Pan ◽  
Zhishan Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Herbal Remedy ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Colchicine Treatment ◽  
Endangered Plants ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Bletilla Striata ◽  
In The Wild

Bletilla striata (Thunb.), an ornamental and medicinal plant, is on the list of endangered plants in China. Its pseudobulb is abundant in polysaccharide and has been used for centuries as a herbal remedy. However, a recent rise in demand has placed it at risk of extinction, and therefore, research on its propagation and genetic improvement is essential. Since polyploids tend to possess advantageous qualities, we incubated B. striata seeds with colchicine with the aim of creating tetraploid plantlets. Aseptic seeds treated with 0.1% colchicine for 7 days showed the highest tetraploid induction rate of 40.67 ± 0.89%. Compared with the wild-type, the tetraploids could be identified by their morphological characteristics including larger stomata at a lower density, larger leaf blades, and a thicker petiole. Contents of polysaccharide and phenolic compounds were also determined in the tetraploid pseudobulbs, revealing significantly higher values than in the wild-type. In vitro colchicine treatment can therefore be used to successfully produce B. striata tetraploids with superior pseudobulbs.

scholarly journals Macroscopical, Histological, and In Vitro Characterization of Nonosteoarthritic Versus Osteoarthritic Hip Joint Cartilage

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. CMAMD.S29844
Author(s):  
Jessica Badendick ◽  
Owen Godkin ◽  
Benjamin Kohl ◽  
Carola Meier ◽  
Michal Jagielski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Complement Regulatory Proteins ◽  
Chondrocyte Phenotype ◽  
Chondrocyte Culture ◽  
In Vitro Characterization ◽  
Femoral Head Cartilage ◽  
Culture Characteristics ◽  
Histological Results ◽  
Cultured Chondrocytes

Osteoarthritis (OA) might affect chondrocyte culture characteristics and complement expression. Therefore, this study addressed the interrelation between macroscopical and microscopical structure, complement expression, and chondrocyte culture characteristics in non-OA and OA cartilage. Femoral head cartilage samples harvested from patients with femoral neck fractures (FNFs) and OA were analyzed for macroscopical alterations using an in-house scoring system, graded histologically (Mankin score), and immunolabeled for complement regulatory proteins (CRPs) and receptors. Morphology of monolayer cultured chondrocytes isolated from a subset of samples was assessed. The macroscopical score distinguished the FNF and OA cartilage samples and correlated significantly with the histological results. Chondrocyte phenotype from FNF or OA cartilage differed. Complement receptor C5aR, CRPs CD55 and CD59, and weakly receptor C3AR were detected in the investigated FNF and OA cartilage, except for CD46, which was detected in only two of the five investigated donors. The in-house score also allows inexperienced observers to distinguish non-OA and OA cartilage for experimental purposes.

scholarly journals THE CIRCUMFUSION SYSTEM FOR MULTIPURPOSE CULTURE CHAMBERS

1968 ◽  
Vol 39 (2) ◽  
pp. 430-450 ◽  
Author(s):  
George G. Rose ◽  
M. Kumegawa ◽  
M. Cattoni
Keyword(s):  
Phase Contrast ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Time Lapse ◽  
Newborn Mouse ◽  
Contrast Microscopy ◽  
Free Environment ◽  
Parenchymal Cells

The circumfusion system is a complex in vitro pumping unit incorporating 12 multipurpose culture chambers through which a serum-supplemented fluid nutrient is recirculated at a rate of 4.5 ml/min per chamber. This system was used to study the differentiative responses of fetal and newborn mouse liver explants placed in the serum-free environment formed between the sheets of unperforated cellophane and cover glasses of the chambers. Hepatocytes (parenchymal cells) were discernible in 3–5 days. They retained many of their features of differentiation in the circumfusion system for more than 120 days of cultivation. The living morphological characteristics of the hepatocytes were studied by phase-contrast microscopy (direct viewing and time-lapse cinemicrography) and by special cytochemical staining. Electron micrographs were made of both fresh liver specimens and the cultured cells. Comparisons of the cultured parenchymal cells with their in vivo progenitors showed a remarkable preservation of their differentiated state.

scholarly journals In vitro cultivation and immunostaining of Lawsonia intracellularis strains

2013 ◽  
Vol 57 (3) ◽  
pp. 319-322
Author(s):  
Anna Szczotka-Bochniarz ◽  
Katarzyna Podgórska ◽  
Agnieszka Nowak ◽  
Zygmunt Pejsak
Keyword(s):  
Monoclonal Antibody ◽  
Vaccine Strain ◽  
Phase Contrast ◽  
In Vitro Cultivation ◽  
Lawsonia Intracellularis ◽  
Contrast Microscope ◽  
Multiple Cell ◽  
First Time ◽  
Cell Medium

Abstract The aim of the study was to implement in vitro cultivation of L. intracellularis strains using ATCC 55783 and vaccine strains, and McCoy cells (ATCC CRL-1696). The infection was monitored by daily observations under phase contrast microscope. Indirect immunostaining using monoclonal antibody was also performed. Large number of S-shaped, moving bacteria were found in the cell medium in cultures infected with ATCC 55783 and vaccine strain. Immunostaining revealed a high number of multiple cell-associated or intracellular red stained bacteria in the infected cultures. This study describes for the first time in vitro cultivation of L. intracellularis in Poland, which creates further perspective for more advanced research on this bacterium.

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