Determination of Effective Method of NPK Fertilization in Pea (Pisum sativum L.) Cultivars Grown in Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khalid Hussain ◽  
Muniza Sarfraz ◽  
Khalid Nawaz ◽  
Ghulam Yasin ◽  
Zhide Geng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Net Assimilation ◽  
Growth Quality ◽  
Npk Fertilization

Background: Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) are amongst the fundamental macronutrients, which are crucial for the growth and development plants. There is lack of information for the most effective method for NPK fertilization in pea cultivars grown in Pakistan. In most of the cases, NPK is applied as soil application rather than foliar spray. Methods: Experiments were conducted to find out the most effective method of NPK fertilization i.e. soil application or foliar spray on three pea cultivars (Aleena, Climax and Meteor). Experiment was arranged in a completely randomized design with 4 replicates and data was recorded at different growth stages. Result: Soil and foliar spray of NPK showed significant results for the enhancement of root and shoot development, foliage growth, relative growth rate (RGR), net assimilation rate (NAR), photosynthetic pigments, total carbohydrate contents and soluble proteins. Antioxidant activities i.e. catalases (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and yield attributes increased significantly with NPK applications. NPK foliar application showed better result only for the higher relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR). It was noted that NPK soil applications were more effective for the improvement of growth, quality and yield of pea as compared to foliar spray. Climax and Aleena cultivars were better in relation to growth, quality and yield than Meteor with soil NPK application. Changes in antioxidant activities by NPK significantly increased the defense mechanism in plants resulted improved in plant metabolism that increased the growth, yield and quality of pea. It was concluded that soil application of NPK was more effective for higher productivity of pea than foliar use.

scholarly journals Influence of Soil Amendment on the Relative Growth Rate and Net Assimilation Rate of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
E. A. Effa ◽  
A. A. J. Mofunanya ◽  
B. A. Ngele
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Soil Amendment ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Vigna Aconitifolia ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Background: Soil pH is one of the most important factors that contribute to crop growth and productivity. The present research was designed to assess the influence of soil amendment using organic manure and agricultural lime on the relative growth rate (RGR) and net assimilation rate (NAR) of Phaseolus vulgaris and Vigna aconitifolia grown on soils from different locations. Methodology: The three locations were: Akamkpa, Calabar Municipality and Odukpani. The pH for the three soil locations were 4.0, 7.0 and 9.0, respectively. The treatments were; control (0 g), OM1 (100 g organic manure), OM2 (200 g organic manure), AL1 (100 g agricultural lime), AL2 (200 g agricultural lime), OM1 + AL1 (50 g organic manure + 50 g agricultural lime) and OM2 +AL2 (100 g organic manure and 100 g agricultural lime). Results: Results obtained on the RGR of the leaf dry weight of P. vulgaris treated with OM2 was the highest (0.50 g/wk) followed by OM1 (0.41 g/wk). OM1 + AL1 had the highest RGR of the stem dry weight of P. vulgaris grown on soil from Calabar Municipality. In the RGR of the root dry weight, OM2 had the highest mean value in both plants grown on Akamkpa soil. Results obtained at 4 weeks after planting (WAP) revealed that there was significant (P<0.05) increase in NAR of plants grown on soil from Akamkpa. The highest NAR was obtained for V. aconitifolia treated with OM2 (0.0447 g/wk) followed by OM2 + AL2 (0.0057 g/wk) for both V. aconitifolia and P. vulgaris. P. vulgaris grown on Akamkpa and Odukpani soils treated with AL2 (0.0032 g/wk), OM1 + AL1 (0.0041 g/wk) and OM2+ AL2 (0.0062 g/wk) had the highest NAR at 8 WAP. Conclusion: The RGR and NAR of the two bean varieties were improved following treatments with organic manure and agricultural lime.

Genetic Variation in the Effects of Root Impedance on Growth and Transpiration Rates of Wheat and Barley

1992 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 109 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Masle
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Root Penetration ◽  
Lower Sensitivity ◽  
Soil Resistance ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Genotypes of wheat and barley, including modern and landrace lines, were compared in their response to soil resistance to root penetration during the early vegetative phase (up to 5 leaf stage). All genotypes exhibited reduced growth and transpiration rates at high soil resistance, but there was large variation in the magnitude and time course of these effects and in the mechanisms underlying the growth reduction (changes in net assimilation rate, carbon partitioning within the plant, relative effects of leaf primordia development, versus growth of expanding leaves). Similar wide ranges of responses were observed among landrace and modern wheats. In both wheat and barley, the genotypes with lower sensitivity to soil resistance, in terms of relative growth rate, were those with the slowest net assimilation rate and root growth rate at low soil resistance, and those for which carbon allocation to the impeded roots, relative to the shoot, was significantly increased, to the extent that root relative growth rate even became greater (in terms of mass, not of length) than on loose soil. For a number of genotypes, growth was slowed down throughout the experiment whereas for others it was reduced only during the first few days following germination. In contrast, transpiration rate was at all stages lower at high than at low soil resistance. This indicates that the effects of soil resistance to root penetration on stomatal conductance involve different controls - or different sensitivities to a common signal - from those operating on cell division and expansion.

scholarly journals Growth of marandu palisadegrass subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking

2009 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 733-741 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alessandra Aparecida Giacomini ◽  
Sila Carneiro da Silva ◽  
Daniel Oliveira de Lucena Sarmento ◽  
Cauê Varesqui Zeferino ◽  
Salim Jacaúna Souza Júnior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Net Assimilation

Grazing strategies alter sward leaf area patterns of growth, affecting herbage accumulation and utilisation. The objective of this experiment was to evaluate the growth of marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha cv. Marandu) swards subjected to strategies of intermittent stocking. The experiment was carried out in Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil, from October/2004 to September/2005. Swards were grazed at 95 and 100% canopy light interception (LI) to post-grazing heights of 10 and 15 cm, following a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with four replications in a randomised complete block design. The response variables evaluated were: crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area ratio and leaf weight ratio. In early and late spring, the highest crop growth rate was recorded for treatment 95/15 (11.2 and 10.1 g m-2 day-1, respectively), along with high values of net assimilation rate (4.4 and 6.9 g m-2 day-1, respectively), leaf area ratio (0.0095 and 0.0103 m-2 g-1, respectively) and leaf weight ratio (0.56 and 0.56 g g-1, respectively). To compensate reductions in net assimilation rate plants made some morphological and physiological adjustments increasing leaf area and leaf weight ratio. Relative growth rate and net assimilation rate were 26 and 50% higher, respectively, on swards grazed at 95% than at 100% LI. In early spring treatments 100/10 and 95/15 resulted in the highest relative growth rate (0.086 and 0.059 g m-2 day-1, respectively). Treatment 95/15 resulted in the most favourable pattern of growth (crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate), particularly during the transition period between winter and spring.

scholarly journals Seed Yield of Mungbean (Vigna radiata(L.) Wilczek) in relation to Growth and Developmental Aspects

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. A. Mondal ◽  
A. B. Puteh ◽  
M. A. Malek ◽  
M. R. Ismail ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Flower Initiation ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Net Assimilation

Growth parameters such as leaf area (LA), total dry mass (TDM) production, crop growth rate (CGR), relative growth rate (RGR), and net assimilation rate (NAR) were compared in six varieties of mungbean under subtropical condition (24°8′ N 90°0′ E) to identify limiting growth characters for the efficient application of physiology breeding for higher yields. Results revealed that a relatively smaller portion of TDM was produced before flower initiation and the bulk of it after anthesis. The maximum CGR was observed during pod filling stage in all the varieties due to maximum leaf area (LA) development at this stage. Two plant characters such as LA and CGR contributed to the higher TDM production. Results indicated that high yielding mungbean varieties should possess larger LA, higher TDM production ability, superior CGR at all growth stages, and high relative growth rate and net assimilation rate at vegetative stage which would result in superior yield components.

scholarly journals THE EFFECT OF MID-SEASON VINE REMOVAL ON THE GROWTH OF FIVE SWEETPOTATO (IPOMOEA BATATAS L.) CULTIVARS

HortScience ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 266E-266
Author(s):  
Victor A. Kahn ◽  
C. Stevens ◽  
T. Mafolo ◽  
C. Bonsi ◽  
J.Y. Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Marketable Yield ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Mean Relative Growth Rate ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Net Assimilation

TU-82-155 and `Georgia-Jet' early maturing. `Carver II', TU-1892 and `Rojo-Blanco' late maturing sweetpotato, cultivars were evaluated in the field for 0.20 and 40% vine removal (VR) at 8 wk after transplanting. Parameters measured were: leaf area index (LAI) recovery, net assimilation rate, foliage crop growth rate (FCGR), storage roots crop growth rate (RCGR). alpha a (the mean relative growth rate in dry wt to the mean relative growth rate in leaf area over a time interval) or the partitioning of assimilates, total and marketable yield. A split. splitplot design was used and plants were sampled at 3 and 8 wk following VR. Except for TU-82-155 all cultivars showed significant LAI recovery above the control at 3 and 8 wk after vine removal when 20% of the vines were removed while at the 40% VR, only 'Georgia-Jet'. TU-1892 and 'Carver II' showed significant increases in LAI for the same periods. Net assimilation rate showed significant interactions while FCGR was not significantly affected by either 20 or 40 VR compared to the control at 3 or 8 wk after VR. RCGR was significantly affected by both levels of VR at 3 and 8 wk after VR and surplus assimilates (alpha a) showed significant interactions between cultivars and % VR. Told yield declined for all cultivars irrespective to maturity groups with the sharpest decrease being at the 20% VR. All cultivars except TU-82-155 showed a decrease in marketable yield, the increase in marketable yield of TU-82-155 was due to a lower non-marketable yield.

Comparative analysis of 1st-year growth in six deciduous tree species

1980 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. E. Farmer Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Net Assimilation Rate ◽  
Deciduous Tree ◽  
Assimilation Rate ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Quercus Species ◽  
Net Assimilation

Classical growth analysis was used to examine the basis of major variation in seedling growth characteristics among and within six deciduous tree species in nursery beds. A combination of high investment in leaf area and substantial net assimilation rate accounted for the high relative growth rate of Liriodendrontulipifera L. and Prunusserotina Ehrh.; these species also produced the largest seedlings in the test. Final weight of four Quercus species was closely associated with initial leaf area established at germination; Q. rubra L. and Q. prinus L. had the largest seedlings despite having net assimilation rates lower than Q. alba L. and Q. ilicifolia Wangenh., the smallest seedlings in the test. Within species, relative growth rate was significantly correlated with both net assimilation rate and relative growth rate of leaf area. Leaf area partition coefficient was positively correlated with relative growth rate in L. tulipifera, P. serotina, and Q. rubra but not in Q. alba, Q. prinus, and Q. ilicifolia.

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