scholarly journals CONDITIONS OF THE DEVELOPMENT AND PECULIARITIES OF THE COURSE OF RESPIRATORY DISEASES IN SMELTERS OF TITANIUM ALLOYS

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Elena M. Vlasova ◽  
N. K. Voznesenskiy ◽  
V. B. Alekseev ◽  
A. A. Vorobeva
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Prevalence Rate ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Subsequent Formation ◽  
Industrial Dust ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The working conditions, occupational and non-occupational risk factors, prevalence rate and peculiarities of the course of respiratory diseases in smelters of titanium alloys were studied. Working conditions of smelters are estimated as harmful (class of working conditions: 3.3-3.4.) due to factors: heating microclimate, chemicals (chlorine and hydrochloride, sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxide), industrial dust. A feature of the respirable dust fraction is the high content of titanium oxide particles of the PM10 dimension. There was made an analysis of the health status of workers exposed to industrial dust, depending on the length of service. Diseases of the upper respiratory tract in smelters of titanium alloys were shown to be prevalent, simple catarrhal nasopharyngitis prevails with the subsequent formation of atrophic rhinitis, its prevalence rate among smelters of titanium alloys increases with the experience. The peculiarity of the development of diseases of the upper respiratory tract in smelters of titanium alloys are: deterioration of nasal breathing in workers with experience of from 1 year to 5 years already, in patients with experience from 10 to 15 years the prevalence of catarrhal nasopharyngitis and atrophic rhinitis as its outcome in cases with experience from 15 to 20 years. The bronchial damage in the smelters of titanium alloys develops under the experience more than 5 years. The clinical forms are dominated by the phenomena of catarrhal bronchitis followed by obstruction of the bronchi progressing with the experience, with the formation of irreversible ventilation disorders. With the depletion of antioxidant protection, as a rule, with long duration of the exposure of up to 10 years, aseptic inflammation is formed, which is pronounced clinically as catarrhal endobronchitis. This is a partially reversible pathological process. The described features of the development and course of respiratory diseases in smelters of titanium alloys should be taken into account during periodic medical examinations in order to timely prevent them

scholarly journals THE STATE OF SKIN AND MUCOSAL MICROBIOTES IN WORKERS AS AN ADAPTATION CRITERION TO OCCUPATIONAL FACTORS (BASED ON THE OIL EXTRACTION INDUSTRY)

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (9) ◽  
pp. 1015-1020
Author(s):  
G. G. Gimranova ◽  
Lyaylya M. Masyagutova ◽  
L. G. Gizatullina
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Oil Production ◽  
Oil Extraction ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Occupational Factors ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms ◽  
Deep Layers ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Introduction. The working conditions of workers in oil-producing industries do not exclude the negative impact of a harmful biological factor of the working environment. The combined effect of harmful and dangerous factors (noise, vibration, a complex of chemicals of varying intensity), adverse climatic and geographical conditions in the process of oil production lead to violations of the structural and functional state of the body and increase the risk of disease caused by opportunistic microorganisms. Material and methods. To study the effect of working conditions of workers engaged in oil extraction on the qualitative and quantitative composition of the microorganism, an investigation of skin microbiota and microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract mucosa was carried out. Using the method of skin prints from the inner surface of the forearm on a plate with blood agar allowed, along with the total number of microorganisms, to determine the presence of hemolytic forms on the surface and in deep layers of the skin of oil workers. Estimate the influence of working conditions on the microbiocenosis of the upper respiratory tract and mucosal anti-infective resistance of the mucous membrane analyzed the species composition of the microbiota of the nasal mucosa and pharynx in workers, directly and indirectly engaged in oil production. Results. Studies show in workers directly involved in oil extraction, the number of microorganisms of the skin is significantly higher than that of healthy people in average by 2.0-3.6 times on the surface and 1.7-3.7 times in the deep layers. For machinists, these differences achieve 2.5-4.0 and 1.2-4.0 times, respectively, and for engineering and technical workers, 1.4-2.3 on the skin surface and 1.2-2.5 in the deep layers. For drillers, drillers’ assistants, operators, the presence of conditionally pathogenic microorganisms of 3-5 or more components on the nasal and pharyngeal polymicrobial associations is typical, and for engineers, engineers and technicians from 2-4, less often 5 components. Conclusion. The impact of occupational factors affecting workers in the process of oil extraction, contributes to the development of microbiocenosis lesions of the skin and mucous membranes. On the surface of the skin and mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract there are a wide variety and specific structure of the microflora, specific to each of the studied groups in the workers examined.

scholarly journals Role of the Dermonecrotic Toxin of Bordetella bronchiseptica in the Pathogenesis of Respiratory Disease in Swine

2002 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 481-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susan L. Brockmeier ◽  
Karen B. Register ◽  
Tibor Magyar ◽  
Alistair J. Lax ◽  
Gillian D. Pullinger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Bordetella Bronchiseptica ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Dermonecrotic Toxin ◽  
Etiologic Agents ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Phosphate Buffered Saline

ABSTRACT Bordetella bronchiseptica is one of the etiologic agents causing atrophic rhinitis and pneumonia in swine. It produces several purported virulence factors, including the dermonecrotic toxin (DNT), which has been implicated in the turbinate atrophy seen in cases of atrophic rhinitis. The purpose of these experiments was to clarify the role of this toxin in respiratory disease by comparing the pathogenicity in swine of two isogenic dnt mutants to their virulent DNT+ parent strains. Two separate experiments were performed, one with each of the mutant-parent pairs. One-week-old cesarean-derived, colostrum-deprived pigs were inoculated intranasally with the parent strain, the dnt mutant strain, or phosphate-buffered saline. Weekly nasal washes were performed to monitor colonization of the nasal cavity, and the pigs were euthanized 4 weeks after inoculation to determine colonization of tissues and to examine the respiratory tract for pathology. There was evidence that colonization of the upper respiratory tract, but not the lower respiratory tract, was slightly greater for the parent strains than for the dnt mutants. Moderate turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia were found in most pigs given the parent strains, while there was no turbinate atrophy or pneumonia in pigs challenged with the dnt mutant strains. Therefore, production of DNT by B. bronchiseptica is necessary to produce the lesions of turbinate atrophy and bronchopneumonia in pigs infected with this organism.

scholarly journals Contributory and Exacerbating Roles of Gaseous Ammonia and Organic Dust in the Etiology of Atrophic Rhinitis

1999 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. C. Hamilton ◽  
J. M. Roe ◽  
C. M. Hayes ◽  
P. Jones ◽  
G. R. Pearson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Gaseous Ammonia ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Large White ◽  
Type D ◽  
Epidemiological Surveys ◽  
Upper Respiratory

ABSTRACT Pigs reared commercially indoors are exposed to air heavily contaminated with particulate and gaseous pollutants. Epidemiological surveys have shown an association between the levels of these pollutants and the severity of lesions associated with the upper respiratory tract disease of swine atrophic rhinitis. This study investigated the role of aerial pollutants in the etiology of atrophic rhinitis induced by Pasteurella multocida. Forty, 1-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and divided into eight groups designated A to H. The groups were housed in Rochester exposure chambers and continuously exposed to the following pollutants: ovalbumin (groups A and B), ammonia (groups C and D), ovalbumin plus ammonia (groups E and F), and unpolluted air (groups G and H). The concentrations of pollutants used were 20 mg m−3 total mass and 5 mg m−3 respirable mass for ovalbumin dust and 50 ppm for ammonia. One week after exposure commenced, the pigs in groups A, C, E, and G were infected with P. multocida type D by intranasal inoculation. After 4 weeks of exposure to pollutants, the pigs were killed and the extent of turbinate atrophy was assessed with a morphometric index (MI). Control pigs kept in clean air and not inoculated with P. multocida (group H) had normal turbinate morphology with a mean MI of 41.12% (standard deviation [SD], ± 1.59%). In contrast, exposure to pollutants in the absence of P. multocida (groups B, D, and F) induced mild turbinate atrophy with mean MIs of 49.65% (SD, ±1.96%), 51.04% (SD, ±2.06%), and 49.88% (SD, ±3.51%), respectively. A similar level of atrophy was also evoked by inoculation with P. multocida in the absence of pollutants (group G), giving a mean MI of 50.77% (SD, ±2.07%). However, when P. multocida inoculation was combined with pollutant exposure (groups A, C, and E) moderate to severe turbinate atrophy occurred with mean MIs of 64.93% (SD, ±4.64%), 59.18% (SD, ±2.79%), and 73.30% (SD, ±3.19%), respectively. The severity of atrophy was greatest in pigs exposed simultaneously to dust and ammonia. At the end of the exposure period, higher numbers of P. multocida bacteria were isolated from the tonsils than from the nasal membrane, per gram of tissue. The severity of turbinate atrophy in inoculated pigs was proportional to the number of P. multocida bacteria isolated from tonsils (r 2 = 0.909, P < 0.05) and nasal membrane (r 2 = 0.628, P< 0.05). These findings indicate that aerial pollutants contribute to the severity of lesions associated with atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig’s upper respiratory tract byP. multocida and also by directly evoking mild atrophy.

scholarly journals Effects of Ammonia Inhalation and Acetic Acid Pretreatment on Colonization Kinetics of Toxigenic Pasteurella multocida within Upper Respiratory Tracts of Swine

1998 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 1260-1265 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. D. C. Hamilton ◽  
J. M. Roe ◽  
C. M. Hayes ◽  
A. J. F. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Acid Pretreatment ◽  
Morphometric Index ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Kinetics Of

Pigs reared in intensive production systems are continuously exposed to ammonia released by the microbial degradation of their excrement. Exposure to this gas has been shown to increase the severity of the disease progressive atrophic rhinitis by facilitating colonization of the pig’s upper respiratory tract by Pasteurella multocida. The etiological mechanism responsible for this synergy was investigated by studying the colonization kinetics of P. multocida enhanced by ammonia and comparing them with those evoked by an established disease model. Three-week-old Large White piglets were weaned and allocated to five experimental groups (groups A to E). Pigs in groups A and B were exposed continuously to ammonia at 20 ppm for the first 2 weeks of the study. Pigs in group C were pretreated with 0.5 ml of 1% acetic acid per nostril on days −2 and −1 of the study. On day 0 all the pigs in groups A, C, and D were inoculated with 1.4 × 108 toxigenic P. multocida organisms given by the intranasal route. The kinetics of P. multocida colonization were established by testing samples obtained at weekly intervals throughout the study. The study was terminated on day 37, and the extent of turbinate atrophy was determined by using a morphometric index. The results of the study showed that exposure to aerial ammonia for a limited period had a marked effect on the colonization of toxigenic P. multocidain the nasal cavities of pigs, which resulted in the almost total exclusion of commensal flora. In contrast, ammonia had only a limited effect on P. multocida colonization at the tonsil. The exacerbation of P. multocida colonization by ammonia was restricted to the period of ammonia exposure, and the number ofP. multocida organisms colonizing the upper respiratory tract declined rapidly upon the cessation of exposure to ammonia. During the exposure period, the ammonia levels in mucus recovered from the nasal cavity and tonsil were found to be 7- and 3.5-fold higher, respectively, than the levels in samples taken from unexposed controls. Acetic acid pretreatment also induced marked colonization of the nasal cavity which, in contrast to that induced by ammonia, persisted throughout the time course of the study. Furthermore, acetic acid pretreatment induced marked but transient colonization of the tonsil. These findings suggest that the synergistic effect of ammonia acts through an etiological mechanism different from that evoked by acetic acid pretreatment. A strong correlation was found between the numbers of P. multocida organisms isolated from the nasal cavity and the severity of clinical lesions, as determined by using a morphometric index. The data presented in the paper highlight the potential importance of ammonia as an exacerbating factor in respiratory disease of intensively reared livestock.

Atrophic rhinitis: the influence of the aerial environment

1990 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 173-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. F. Robertson ◽  
D. Wilson ◽  
W. J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Pasteurella Multocida ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Atrophic Rhinitis ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Live Animal ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Viable Bacteria ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Severity Of The Disease

ABSTRACTInfectious atrophic rhinitis is a disease of the upper respiratory tract of pigs, characterized in the live animal by deformation of the snout and conchal atrophy. However, the severity of the disease in pigs on commercial units is highly variable and air quality may be implicated as a significant factor in addition to the recognized pathogens. In this study the aerial environment was monitored in 49 pig buildings on 12 commercial farrowing-finishing units. A total of 1117 pigs from the 12 farms were examined individually at commercial slaughter weight to quantify the severity of conchal atrophy, using snout scoring and morphometric techniques.A number of significant relationships were shown between environmental variables in the farrowing house and the severity of conchal atrophy. Mean snout score (MSS) and the percentage of snouts from each herd sample with a score of three or more (SS3) were correlated with total bacterial counts (r = 0·78 (P < 0·01) and 0-83 (P < 0·01) respectively), counts of 10 [mi to >15 urn particles (r = 0·67 (P <0·05), 0·73 (P <0·05)) and concentrations of gravimetric dust (r = 0·65 (P <0·05), 0·64 (P <0·05)). Concentrations of ammonia were correlated with SS3 (r = 0·68 (P <0·05)).Dust in the first-stage weaner houses was again a significant component of the aerial environment associated with the severity of the disease. MSS and SS3 were correlated with counts of 10 urn to >15 μm particles (r = 0·66 (P <0·05), 0·68 (P <0·05)), concentrations of respirable dust (r = 0·67 (P <0·05), 0·63 (P <0·05)), total dust (r = 0·75 (P <0·05), 0·87 (P <0·001)), and gravimetric dust (r = 0·83 (P <0·01), 0·88 (P <0·001)). The results support the theory that the mass or number of particles present as inspirable aerosols, and the presence of large numbers of viable bacteria may compromise the local defence mechanism of the upper respiratory tract in the pig and facilitate colonization by Bordetella bronchiseptica and Pasteurella multocida. Saturation deficit in the second-stage weaner houses was correlated with both mean morphometric index and SS3 (r = 0·860 (P <0·01) and 0·683 (P <0·05) respectively), and volumetric stocking density in the finishing houses was correlated with both MSS and SS3 (r = -0·84 (P <0·01), -0·64 (P <0·05)). It is hypothesized that the severity of the disease may be lessened by reducing the concentrations of dust, microbes and ammonia which may play a significant role in the development of the disease.

scholarly journals PECULIARITIES OF RESPIRATORY ORGANS DISEASES IN SMELTERS DEALING WITH TITANIUM ALLOYS UNDER COMBINED EXPOSURE TO FINE-DISPERSE DUST AND CHLORINE COMPOUNDS

2019 ◽  
Vol 98 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-158
Author(s):  
Elena M. Vlasova ◽  
O. Yu. Ustinova ◽  
A. E. Nosov ◽  
S. Yu. Zagorodnov
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Titanium Alloys ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
Interventricular Septum ◽  
Fine Fraction ◽  
Medical Documentation ◽  
Observation Group ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Pathology

Introduction. Harmful working conditions, specific for titanium production enterprises, pose a potential risk to the workers health, and, primarily, concerning the development of respiratory pathology. Material and methods. The observation group consisted of 111 smelters of titanium alloys; the average age is 35.9 ± 2.7 years; the average term of service is 11.4 ± 6.3 years. The comparison group included 47 representatives of the enterprise administrative apparatus of the same age (37.4 ± 1.5, p> 0.05), having an average work experience of 12.8 ± 2.3 years (p> 0.05). The analysis of medical documentation, working conditions, a comprehensive survey of workers, static processing of the results was carried out. Results. Working conditions at workplaces for smelters are classified as “harmful”, the degree of harmfulness acconted of 3-4 (the class of working conditions 3.3 - 3.4). In the structure of the overall morbidity of the examined observation group, respiratory pathology ranked first and was characterized by a high degree of production causality (RR = 2.90; 95% CI = 1.81-4.64; EF = 65.49%). According to the ECHO-DKG data, 10.8% of titanium alloy smelters with 12.3 ± 3.5 years of experience had thickening of the interventricular septum, increased pressure in the pulmonary artery and the presence of right ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Discussion. Smelters have chronic catarrhal inflammation of the mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract in the first year of operation; the activity of the pathological process increases significantly with the experience of 10 years and is accompanied by the predominance of the hyperplastic nature of inflammation with an increase in work experience of more than 10 years. Subsequently, the lower parts of respiratory tract are involved in the process. With an experience of 12.3 ± 3.5 years, reversible violations of the bronchial patency become persistent irreversible, which is accompanied by the development of basal emphysema of the lungs and morphological restructuring of the right heart. Conclusion. Because of combined long-term exposure to dust, a fine fraction and compounds of chlorine and chlorine vapor, causes the damage of the airways at all levels of the respiratory tract.

scholarly journals Department of Microbiology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2018 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
H MOOMIVAND ◽  
SA POURBAKHSH ◽  
M JAMSHIDIAN
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Culture Methods ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Air Sacs ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Alignment Analysis ◽  
Science And Research

In ostriches, mycoplasmas are generally associated with respiratory diseases and causes rhino-tracheitis, airsacculitis and inflammation of the upper respiratory tract. The aim of current study was the isolation and identification of pathogenic mycoplasmas in ostrich farms of Iran by the use of PCR and culture methods. In this study, mycoplasmas were isolated from ostrich slaughterhouse; 114 samples were collected from ostriches with respiratory signs and were cultured and PCR methods along with alignment were used to detect the mycoplasmas. For this purpose lung, trachea and air sacs were evaluated. The results indicated that 21.05% of samples were positive in PCR assayand from them 7.89% and 14% was M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae, respectively. The highest rate of M. gallisepticum and M. synoviae was detected in lung, airsacs and trachea. Alignment analysis demonstrated that the M. gallisepticum strains detected in our study have 97% homology to 06/14, 05/14 and 16S strains. In addition, M. synoviae strains have 99% and 98% homology to MSR-812, MSR-795 and MSR-1019 strains. One of the M. synoviae strains has 82% homology to ABSfsdMS2011 strain. The results of our study showed that ostriches in Iran were infected with chicken mycoplasmas but the pathogenesis of them in ostrich respiratory should be further evaluated.

scholarly journals Assessment of Duration of Adaptation to Conditions of Learning in Cadets of Military Educational Institutions

2021 ◽  
pp. 43-49
Author(s):  
RS Rakhmanov ◽  
ЕS Bogomolova ◽  
AV Tarasov ◽  
SA Razgulin ◽  
МА Shaposhnikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Resident Students ◽  
Learning Conditions ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Conditions Of Learning

Introduction. It is relevant to determine periods of adaptation of local and non-resident students coming from other Russian regions to learning conditions. The objective of our study was to measure duration of cadets’ adaptation to the learning environment as assessed by the incidence of respiratory diseases in view of synergistic effects of health risk factors in the Kaliningrad enclave. Materials and methods. We conducted a retrospective analysis of the incidence of respiratory diseases in cadets of two military universities (n = 3,381, n = 2,013) by cohorts (local and non-resident students) for five academic years in general and by year. Results. The proportion of respiratory diseases in university cadets was as high as 70.9 ± 2.0 and 52.1 ± 1.1 % in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. The share of respiratory diseases in the first and fifth-year students was 72.3 and 59.9 % in University 1,and 60.3 and 38.1 % in University 2, respectively. The respiratory disease incidence in non-resident cadets was 1.8 and 1.2 times higher than that in locals: 1,102.6 ± 6.2 versus 617.7 ± 24.5 ‰ and 477.6 ± 14.1 versus 388.2 ± 16.1 ‰ (p = 0.001) in Universities 1 and 2, respectively. We found differences in the rates of acute sinusitis, acute tonsillitis, upper respiratory tract infections and influenza, community-acquired pneumonia, and lower respiratory tract infections between local and non-resident cadets. In the second university, differences in the incidence of acute sinusitis and upper respiratory tract infections were still observed in third-year students while in the first university they were still pronounced in cadets during the fourth year of study. We suppose that they might be attributed to learning conditions, ratios of local to non-resident cadets, differences in living conditions and nutrition between the students. Conclusion. Duration of the period of adaptation of military university cadets to conditions of learning is influenced by a synergistic effect of adverse environmental factors. Adaptation of non-resident cadets lasts longer due to acclimatization to weather and climate conditions of the enclave. The incidence of respiratory diseases proves the differences in learning conditions between the universities.

RELATIONSHIP OF ABNORMALITIES OF THE UPPER RESPIRATORY TRACT TO MINOR RESPIRATORY DISEASES*

1933 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 743-760
Author(s):  
J. A. DOULL ◽  
V. A. VAN VOLKENBURGH ◽  
N. B. HERMAN ◽  
W. M. GAFAFER
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Diseases ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Relationship Of
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