scholarly journals LLOVIU VIRUS - A NOVEL FILOVIRUS, ENDEMIC IN EUROPE

2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-61
Author(s):  
T. E. Sizikova ◽  
V. N. Lebedev ◽  
N. V. Karulina ◽  
S. V. Borisevich
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Human Cells ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Novel Agent ◽  
Recombinant Vectors

The data on a recently revealed novel filovirus (Lloviu virus, family Filoviridae, genera Cuevavirus) in Europe are viewed in this issue. The molecular-biological properties of genome fragments of Lloviu virus were isolated from perished bats (Miniopterus sсhreibersii). Because infectious Lloviu virus has not been isolated yet, the capacity of virus to infect cells of different species and its potential to cause disease in humans is unclear. The recombinant vectors (vesicular stomatitis virus and plasmids) expressing structural proteins of Lloviu virus were used to study different elements of the virus. The question of interaction of structural proteins of Lloviu virus expressed by recombinant vectors with receptors of bat and human cells is considered. The possibility of pathogenicity of the novel agent for humans is considered. The conclusion is made about the necessity of continuous epidemical and epizootical monitoring of the new filovirus infection.

scholarly journals Comparison of Four SARS-CoV-2 Neutralization Assays

Vaccines ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 13
Author(s):  
Lydia Riepler ◽  
Annika Rössler ◽  
Albert Falch ◽  
André Volland ◽  
Wegene Borena ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
The Other ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Effective Protection ◽  
Vaccine Candidates ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Neutralizing antibodies are a major correlate of protection for many viruses including the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. Thus, vaccine candidates should potently induce neutralizing antibodies to render effective protection from infection. A variety of in vitro assays for the detection of SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies has been described. However, validation of the different assays against each other is important to allow comparison of different studies. Here, we compared four different SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays using the same set of patient samples. Two assays used replication competent SARS-CoV-2, a focus forming assay and a TCID50-based assay, while the other two assays used replication defective lentiviral or vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)-based particles pseudotyped with SARS-CoV-2 spike. All assays were robust and produced highly reproducible neutralization titers. Titers of neutralizing antibodies correlated well between the different assays and with the titers of SARS-CoV-2 S-protein binding antibodies detected in an ELISA. Our study showed that commonly used SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays are robust and that results obtained with different assays are comparable.

scholarly journals Neutralizing activity of Sputnik V vaccine sera against SARS-CoV-2 variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ikegame ◽  
Mohammed Siddiquey ◽  
Chuan-Tien Hung ◽  
Griffin Haas ◽  
Luca Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Egfp Reporter ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Reduced Activity

Abstract The novel pandemic betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected at least 120 million people since its identification as the cause of a December 2019 viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China1,2. Despite the unprecedented pace of vaccine development, with six vaccines already in use worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 ‘variants of concern’ (VOC) across diverse geographic locales have prompted re-evaluation of strategies to achieve universal vaccination3. All three officially designated VOC carry Spike (S) polymorphisms thought to enable escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited during initial waves of the pandemic4–8. Here, we characterize the biological consequences of the ensemble of S mutations present in VOC lineages B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1) and B.1.351 (501Y.V2). Using a replication-competent EGFP-reporter vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) system, rcVSV-CoV2-S, which encodes S from SARS coronavirus 2 in place of VSV-G, and coupled with a clonal HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cell line optimized for highly efficient S-mediated infection, we determined that only 1 out of 12 serum samples from a cohort of recipients of the Gamaleya Sputnik V Ad26 / Ad5 vaccine showed effective neutralization (IC90) of rcVSV-CoV2-S: B.1.351 at full serum strength. The same set of sera efficiently neutralized S from B.1.1.7 and showed only moderately reduced activity against S carrying the E484K substitution alone. Taken together, our data suggest that control of some emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants may benefit from updated vaccines.

Interactions of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Structural Proteins with HeLa Plasma Membranes

1971 ◽  
Vol 231 (21) ◽  
pp. 121-123 ◽  
Author(s):  
GERALDINE H. COHEN ◽  
PAUL H. ATKINSON ◽  
DONALD F. SUMMERS
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Plasma Membranes ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

scholarly journals Evaluating Replication-Defective Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as a Vaccine Vehicle

2006 ◽  
Vol 80 (14) ◽  
pp. 6993-7008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayaz M. Majid ◽  
Heather Ezelle ◽  
Sangeeta Shah ◽  
Glen N. Barber
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Cell Activity ◽  
Recombinant Vaccinia Virus ◽  
Antibody Responses ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Ifn Γ ◽  
Hcv Structural Proteins

ABSTRACT We have generated replication-competent (VSV-C/E1/E2) and nonpropagating (VSVΔG-C/E1/E2) vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) contiguously expressing the structural proteins of hepatitis C virus (HCV; core [C] and glycoproteins E1 and E2) and report on their immunogenicity in murine models. VSV-C/E1/E2 and VSVΔG-C/E1/E2 expressed high levels of HCV C, E1, and E2, which were authentically posttranslationally processed. Both VSV-expressed HCV E1-E2 glycoproteins were found to form noncovalently linked heterodimers and appeared to be correctly folded, as confirmed by coimmunoprecipitation analysis using conformationally sensitive anti-HCV-E2 monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). Intravenous or intraperitoneal immunization of BALB/c mice with VSV-C/E1/E2 or VSVΔG-C/E1/E2 resulted in significant and surprisingly comparable HCV core or E2 antibody responses compared to those of control mice. In addition, both virus types generated HCV C-, E1-, or E2-specific gamma interferon (IFN-γ)-producing CD8+ T cells, as determined by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT) analysis. Mice immunized with VSVΔG-C/E1/E2 were also protected against the formation of tumors expressing HCV E2 (CT26-hghE2t) and exhibited CT26-hghE2t-specific IFN-γ-producing and E2-specific CD8+ T-cell activity. Finally, recombinant vaccinia virus (vvHCV.S) expressing the HCV structural proteins replicated at significantly lower levels when inoculated into mice immunized with VSV-C/E1/E2 or VSVΔG-C/E1/E2, but not with control viruses. Our data therefore illustrate that potentially safer replication-defective VSV can be successfully engineered to express high levels of antigenically authentic HCV glycoproteins. In addition, this strategy may therefore serve in effective vaccine and immunotherapy-based approaches to the treatment of HCV-related disease.

scholarly journals Generation and Characterization of a Recombinant Vesicular Stomatitis Virus Expressing the Glycoprotein of Borna Disease Virus

2007 ◽  
Vol 81 (11) ◽  
pp. 5527-5536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mar Perez ◽  
Roberto Clemente ◽  
Clinton S. Robison ◽  
E. Jeetendra ◽  
Himangi R. Jayakar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Cell Entry ◽  
Surface Glycoprotein ◽  
Free Virus ◽  
Borna Disease Virus ◽  
Virus Family ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Borna Disease

ABSTRACT Borna disease virus (BDV) is an enveloped virus with a nonsegmented negative-strand RNA genome whose organization is characteristic of mononegavirales. However, based on its unique genetics and biological features, BDV is considered to be the prototypic member of a new virus family, Bornaviridae, within the order Mononegavirales. BDV cell entry occurs via receptor-mediated endocytosis, a process initiated by the recognition of an as yet unidentified receptor at the cell surface by the BDV surface glycoprotein (G). The paucity of cell-free virus associated with BDV infection has hindered studies aimed at the elucidation of cellular receptors and detailed mechanisms involved in BDV cell entry. To overcome this problem, we generated and characterized a replication-competent recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing BDV G (rVSVΔG*/BDVG). Cells infected with rVSVΔG*/BDVG produced high titers (107 PFU/ml) of cell-free virus progeny, but this virus exhibited a highly attenuated phenotype both in cell culture and in vivo. Attenuation of rVSVΔG*/BDVG was associated with a delayed kinetics of viral RNA replication and altered genome/N mRNA ratios compared to results for rVSVΔG*/VSVG. Likewise, incorporation of BDV G into virions appeared to be restricted despite its high levels of expression and efficient processing in rVSVΔG*/BDVG-infected cells. Notably, rVSVΔG*/BDVG recreated the cell tropism and entry pathway of bona fide BDV. Our results indicate that rVSVΔG*/BDVG represents a unique tool for the investigation of BDV G-mediated cell entry, as well as the roles of BDV G in host immune responses and pathogenesis associated with BDV infection.

scholarly journals Ethanol susceptibility of SARS-CoV-2 and other enveloped viruses

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihito Nomura ◽  
Tanuza Nazmul ◽  
Reiko Yoshimoto ◽  
Akifumi Higashiura ◽  
Kosuke Oda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Newcastle Disease ◽  
Ethanol Concentration ◽  
Effective Concentration ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Enveloped Viruses ◽  
The Family ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract Ethanol is an effective disinfectant against the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2. However, its effective concentration has not been shown, and we therefore analyzed the effects of different concentrations of ethanol on SARS-CoV-2. When SARS-CoV-2 was treated with varying ethanol concentrations and examined for changes in infectivity, the ethanol concentration at which 99% of the infectious titers were reduced was 24.3%(w/w) [30.0%(v/v)]. For reference, ethanol susceptibility was also examined with other envelope viruses, including influenza virus, vesicular stomatitis virus in the family Rhabdoviridae, and Newcastle disease virus in the family Paramyxoviridae, and the 99% inhibitory concentrations were found to be 28.8%(w/w) [34.8%(v/v)], 24.0%(w/w) [29.2%(v/v)], and 13.4%(w/w) [16.5%(v/v)], respectively. Some differences from SARS-CoV-2 were observed, but the differences were not significant. It was concluded that ethanol at a concentration of 30%(w/w) [36.2%(v/v)] almost completely inactivates SARS-CoV-2.

scholarly journals Comparación de la respuesta inmunológica a las proteínas del virus de la estomatitis vesicular entre bovinos vacunados e infectados de manera natural o inducida

2003 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Jaime G. Cajas ◽  
Joyce A. Rojas ◽  
Jorge E. Almansa ◽  
Myriam T. Wilches ◽  
Camilo Sánchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
Western Blot ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Humoral Immune Response ◽  
Structural Proteins ◽  
Protein G ◽  
Humoral Immune ◽  
Blot Technique ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis

<p>Se comparó la respuesta inmune humoral inducida por las proteínas estructurales del virus de la estomatitis vesicular (serotipos Indiana y New Jersey), utilizando sueros de bovinos vacunados e infectados natural y experimentalmente. Para ello, se usó la técnica de inmunotransferencia (<em>Western blot</em>) a través de la cual se observó el reconocimiento exclusivo de la proteína G en sueros de animales vacunados, así como de las proteínas G y N en sueros de animales infectados. Los sueros de los animales infectados experimentalmente presentaron reacción cruzada en el caso de la proteína N. Se realizaron corridos electroforéticos y densitométricos de 13 subclones del virus de la estomatitis vesicular aislados en distintas áreas endémicas del país. Los resultados mostraron una homología completa e dependiente de su lugar de origen, lo cual es coherente con la literatura reportada.</p><p> </p><p><strong>Abstract</strong> </p><p><strong>Comparison between the immune response to vesicular stomatitis proteins virus in vaccinated bovine and  naturally or induced infected ones</strong></p><p>The induced humoral immune response against structural proteins of Indiana and New Jersey serotypes of the vesicular stomatitis virus was compared using serum obtained from vaccinated bovine, natural and experimentally infected ones. It was used Western blot technique to observe the recognition of protein G by serum of vaccinated animals, and the response to proteins G and N by serum of infected animals. Serum of experimentally infected animals showed crossed reaction for protein N.Were carried out electrophoretic and densitometric analysis on 13 vesicular stomatitis virus subclons isolated from various endemic areas of the country.The results showed complete homology, independent from their origin ccording to the reported literature.</p><p> </p><p> </p>

scholarly journals Qualitatively distinct modes of Sputnik V vaccine-neutralization escape by SARS-CoV-2 Spike variants

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ikegame ◽  
Mohammed N. A. Siddiquey ◽  
Chuan-Tien Hung ◽  
Griffin Haas ◽  
Luca Brambilla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vesicular Stomatitis Virus ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Response Curve ◽  
Vaccine Development ◽  
Herd Immunity ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Egfp Reporter ◽  
Vesicular Stomatitis ◽  
Reduced Activity

The novel pandemic betacoronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has infected at least 120 million people since its identification as the cause of a December 2019 viral pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan, China. Despite the unprecedented pace of vaccine development, with six vaccines already in use worldwide, the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VOC) across diverse geographic locales suggests herd immunity may fail to eliminate the virus. All three officially designated VOC carry Spike (S) polymorphisms thought to enable escape from neutralizing antibodies elicited during initial waves of the pandemic. Here, we characterize the biological consequences of the ensemble of S mutations present in VOC lineages B.1.1.7 (501Y.V1) and B.1.351 (501Y.V2). Using a replication-competent EGFP-reporter vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) system, rcVSV-CoV2-S, which encodes S from SARS coronavirus 2 in place of VSV-G, coupled with a clonal HEK-293T ACE2 TMPRSS2 cell line optimized for highly efficient S-mediated infection, we determined that 8 out of 12 (75%) of serum samples from 12 recipients of the Russian Sputnik V Ad26 / Ad5 vaccine showed dose response curve slopes indicative of failure to neutralize rcVSV-CoV2-S: B.1.351. The same set of sera efficiently neutralized S from B.1.1.7 and showed only moderately reduced activity against S carrying the E484K substitution alone. Taken together, our data suggest that control of emergent SARS-CoV-2 variants may benefit from updated vaccines.

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