Differential diagnostic criteria of alopecia areata

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 359-364
Author(s):  
A. M Baltabaev ◽  
V. P Tkachev ◽  
M. K Baltabaev
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Diagnostic Criteria ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Psychosocial Status ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Diagnostic Approaches ◽  
Dermatological Disorders ◽  
The Individual

Alopecia areata is a poliethiologic immune mediated condition, associated with lesion of the hair follicles, leading to disruption of growing cycle and subsequent hair loss. Taking into account the different age of patients and repeated recurrence despite of the therapy, as well as changes in the appearance of the individual affecting psychosocial status, patchy hair loss refers to the category of socially important disorders. The introduction of computer technologies facilitated diagnostic approaches through developing of specific criteria for the diagnosis of alopecia areata, which improved its differentiation with similar dermatological conditions. This publication intended to review and analyze of clinical cases of several dermatological disorders which remind clinics of different forms of alopecia areata. The importance of trichoscopy was shown to provide differential diagnosis in various hair-loss conditions to evaluate morphometric hair and skin characteristics.

scholarly journals ROLE OF VIRECHANA IN THE MANAGEMENT OF INDRALUPTA - A SINGLE CASE REPORT

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1913-1916
Author(s):  
Harikrishnan. N. Menon ◽  
Syed Munawar Pasha
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Marked Improvement ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Root Cause ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
The Subject

Introduction: Indralupta is a type of Kapalagata Roga, it occurs when Pitta along with Vata affecting the hair follicles to become thin and fall, later on, due to vitiation of Kapha and Rakta it blocks the regrowth of hairs. It can be correlated to Alopecia. Alopecia areata is one of its types and it is also known as spot baldness. It may be regarded as immune-mediated hair loss and it is the commonest cause of patchy hair loss. Materials and methods: A 20-year-old female patient approached Shalakya Tantra OPD of SJIIM, Bengaluru complaining of patchy hair loss in the parietal region for 6 months, the subject was systemically reviewed and diagnosed as alopecia areata, were administered with Snehapana, Virechana, internal medication and lepa for 2 months. Result: The subject showed marked improvement in assessment criteria’s as we can see in the photo- graphs taken in the different stages of the treatment. Discussion: Usually Indralupta is treated with more bahya Prayogas like prachanna, here in this study we have concentrated more on the root cause of the disease and treating the underlying cause by Internal medications, thus we got a positive result for the same. Keywords: Alopecia areata, Indralupta, Virechana, Ayurveda.

Disorders of Hair

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Q Del Rosso
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Growth ◽  
Growth Cycle ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Common Type ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia ◽  
Broad Overview

A basic knowledge of the hair growth cycle is needed to evaluate disorders of hair growth. This chapter presents a broad overview of the physiology and evaluation of hair growth, as well as discussions of specific types of alopecia. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of androgenetic alopecia, the most common type of nonscarring hair loss, are covered. Diffuse hair shedding is generalized hair loss over the entire scalp. Diagnosis and treatment of telogen effluvium, anagen arrest (anagen effluvium), and other causes of diffuse hair shedding are covered in detail. Alopecia areata, typically characterized by patchy hair loss; cicatricial alopecia, which results from permanent scarring of the hair follicles; and miscellaneous causes of hair loss are also discussed. Tables list the causes of diffuse and cicatricial alopecia, telogen effluvium, and miscellaneous chemicals and categories of drugs that can cause alopecia, as well as miscellaneous causes of hair loss. Included is an algorithm outlining the approach to diagnosing nonscarring alopecia, as well as a variety of clinical photographs. This review contains 9 highly rendered figures, 6 tables, and 42 references.

scholarly journals Hair Follicles from Alopecia Areata Patients Exhibit Alterations in Immune Privilege-Associated Gene Expression in Advance of Hair Loss

2010 ◽  
Vol 130 (11) ◽  
pp. 2677-2680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hoon Kang ◽  
Wen-Yu Wu ◽  
Blanche K.K. Lo ◽  
Mei Yu ◽  
Gigi Leung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Immune Privilege

scholarly journals Clinical and histological challenge in the differential diagnosis of diffuse alopecia: female androgenetic alopecia, telogen effluvium and alopecia areata - part II

2012 ◽  
Vol 87 (6) ◽  
pp. 884-890 ◽  
Author(s):  
Betina Werner ◽  
Fabiane Mulinari-Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Diagnostic Approach ◽  
Androgenetic Alopecia

Diffuse alopecia is mainly caused by telogen effluvium, diffuse androgenetic alopecia (femalepattern hair loss) and diffuse alopecia areata. Differential diagnosis between the three disorders may be difficult in several occasions. In this second part of our study, chronic telogen effluvium and diffuse alopecia areata are discussed in detail, including clinical, dermoscopic and histological aspects. A flowchart presents a practical and objective differential diagnostic approach to diffuse alopecia.

scholarly journals Trichoscopy of Alopecia Areata: Hair Loss Feature Extraction and Computation Using Grid Line Selection and Eigenvalue

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Sunyong Seo ◽  
Jinho Park
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Eating Habits ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Smart Device ◽  
Light Reflection ◽  
Grid Line ◽  
Feature Based ◽  
Line Selection ◽  
Vellus Hairs

Recently, the hair loss population, alopecia areata patients, is increasing due to various unconfirmed reasons such as environmental pollution and irregular eating habits. In this paper, we introduce an algorithm for preventing hair loss and scalp self-diagnosis by extracting HLF (hair loss feature) based on the scalp image using a microscope that can be mounted on a smart device. We extract the HLF by combining a scalp image taken from the microscope using grid line selection and eigenvalue. First, we preprocess the photographed scalp images using image processing to adjust the contrast of microscopy input and minimize the light reflection. Second, HLF is extracted through each distinct algorithm to determine the progress degree of hair loss based on the preprocessed scalp image. We define HLF as the number of hair, hair follicles, and thickness of hair that integrate broken hairs, short vellus hairs, and tapering hairs.

Increased Incidence of Thyroid Disease in Patients with Alopecia Areata: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Dermatology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 236 (3) ◽  
pp. 251-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caihong Xin ◽  
Xin Sun ◽  
Li Lu ◽  
Rong Yang ◽  
Ling Shan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Thyroid Disease ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Chinese Literature ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Fixed Effects Models ◽  
Immune Mediated

Background: Alopecia areata (AA) is a common, clinically heterogeneous, immune-mediated, nonscarring hair loss disease with a pathogenesis that is not fully understood. The prevalence of thyroid disease is likely increased among individuals with AA. However, this association remains controversial. Objective: To evaluate the risk of thyroid disease in patients with AA. Methods: We performed a systematic review by searching both English and Chinese literature databases. Random- or fixed-effects models were used to summarize the association between thyroid disease and AA. Results: In total, 17 articles were included in this meta-analysis, with 2,850 AA cases and 4,667 controls. Overall, the prevalence of thyroid disease in patients with AA was significantly increased compared with that in controls (odds ratios 3.66, 95% confidence intervals 2.90–4.61). Conclusions: The results suggest that AA patients should be screened for thyroid disease.

scholarly journals Effective management of indralupta (alopecia areata) with jalaukavacharan - a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (5th) ◽  
Author(s):  
Likhita Sureshrao Dhage ◽  
Pournima Daware
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
Effective Management

 Panchkarma is said to be best treatment for disease curing by its root. According to Acharyas it is said that untreatable diseases can be treated with Raktamokshan . Raktamokshan is fifth karma among Panchkarma. Indralupta came under kshudra rogas.  Indralupta (alopecia areata) is the disease where hair loss in patient in the form of patches  over scalp is seen. Considering etiopathogenesis of Indralupta Vyadhi, Raktamokshan is said to be best treatment. In this case report, patient with Indralupta over scalp is treated with Jalaukavacharan. It not only work on localized hair loss but also promote hair follicles to grow new hairs.

scholarly journals Alopecia Areata Incognita and Diffuse Alopecia Areata: Clinical, Trichoscopic, Histopathological, and Therapeutic Features of a 5-Year Study

2019 ◽  
pp. 272-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aurora Alessandrini ◽  
Michela Starace ◽  
Francesca Bruni ◽  
Nicolò Brandi ◽  
Carlotta Baraldi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Steroid Therapy ◽  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Topical Steroid ◽  
Histological Diagnosis ◽  
Frequent Pattern ◽  
Topical Steroid Therapy ◽  
Vellus Hairs ◽  
Benign Course

Background: Alopecia areata is a nonscarring hair loss that usually causes round patches of baldness, but alopecia areata incognita (AAI) and diffuse alopecia areata (DAA) can cause a diffuse and acute pattern of hair loss. Objective: To analyze the clinical, trichoscopic, histological, and therapeutic features of AAI and DAA. Methods: The study was designed to include data of patients with histological diagnosis of AAI and DAA enrolled in our Hair Disease Outpatient Consultations. Results: DAA had a greater involvement of the parietal and anterior-temporal regions, while AAI manifested itself mainly in the occipital-parietal regions. The most frequent pattern was empty yellow dots, yellow dots with vellus hairs, and small hair in regrowth, but the presence of pigtail hair was found almost exclusively in those with AAI. In cases of DDA, the finding of dystrophic hair and black dots was more frequent. The most frequent trichoscopic sign in both diseases was the presence of empty yellow dots, which, however, were described in a higher percentage in cases of DAA. The diseases have a benign course and are responsive to topical steroid therapy. Conclusions: Trichoscopy is very important for the differential diagnosis between the 2 diseases and to select the best site for biopsy. In the presence of diffuse hair thinning, these entities must be considered.

Canities Subita after Extreme Trauma Showing Positive Staining for Anti-PD-L1 Antibodies: A New Clue into Etiopathogenesis?

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-69
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Navarro-Triviño ◽  
Ricardo Ruiz-Villaverde ◽  
Francisco Manuel Ramos-Pleguezuelos ◽  
Sergio Vañó-Galván
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Inflammatory Infiltrate ◽  
Hair Color ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Positive Staining ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
History Of ◽  
Salt And Pepper

Canities subita has been considered by some authors an acute episode of diffuse alopecia areata in which the sudden whitening is caused by the preferential loss of pigmented hair in this immune-mediated disorder. Clinically, the “salt and pepper” pattern of hair color is the most frequent manifestation of canities subita. However, the exact physiopathology of canities subita is not completely understood. A 69-year-old Caucasian man was referred for the sudden and asymptomatic whitening of the hair on the scalp and eyebrows, without an associated hair loss. The trigger was the death of his brother. Hair whitening appeared 24 h after the event. He reported a history of alopecia areata in plaques on the scalp, with spontaneous complete resolution in 2006. The physical examination showed full whitening hair on the scalp and eyebrows. Eyelashes were not affected. The pull test was negative, and the patient denied a significant hair loss in the last days. The histopathological study showed several follicle-sebaceous structures in the anagen, and one of them (inset) with a transforming hair bulb. The anterior bulb was surrounded by a lymphocytic inflammatory infiltrate in an advanced stage of transformation to the catagen and incipient scar changes. Immunohistochemistry staining showed a positive anti-PD-L1 antibody expressed in the inflammatory infiltrate. Based on the clinical and histological findings, a diagnosis of canities subita was made. The histopathological study showed a positive staining for anti-PD-L1 antibodies, supporting the role of the immune system in the development of this phenomenon. The interaction between melanogenesis and the lymphocytes warrants further research.

Childhood Alopecia Areata: An Overview of Treatment and Recent Patents

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kam L. Hon ◽  
David C.K. Luk ◽  
Alexander K.C. Leung ◽  
Chantel Ng ◽  
Steven K.F. Loo
Keyword(s):  
Hair Loss ◽  
Alopecia Areata ◽  
Coal Tar ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Hair Follicles ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Topical Treatments ◽  
Clinical Queries

Background: Alopecia Areata (AA) is a systemic autoimmune condition which usually starts in childhood. Objective: This article aims to review genetics, therapy, prognosis and recent patents for AA. Methods: We used clinical queries and keywords of “alopecia areata” AND “childhood” as search engine. Patents were searched using the key term “alopecia areata” in Patents.google.com and freepatentsonline.com. Results: Due to an immune mediated damage of the hair follicles, hair is lost from the scalp and other areas of the body temporarily or even permanently. Children with AA are generally healthy. Evidence of genetic association and increased predisposition for AA was found by studying families with affected members. Pathophysiologically, T- lymphocytes attack hair follicles and cause inflammation and destruction of the hair follicles and hair loss. In mild cases, there would be well demarcated round patchy scalp hair loss. The pathognomonic “exclamation mark hairs” may be seen at lesion periphery. In more severe cases, the hair loss may affect the whole scalp and even the whole body. The clinical course is also variable which may range from transient episodes of recurrent patchy hair loss to an indolent gradually deteriorating severe hair loss. The treatment of AA depends on factors including patients’ age, extent of the hair loss, duration of disease, psychological impact, availability and side effect profile of the treatments. For localized patchy alopecia, topical application of corticosteroids and/or intralesional corticosteroids are the treatment of choice. Other topical treatments include minoxidil, anthralin, coal tar and immunotherapy. In severe resistant cases, systemic immunosuppressants may be considered. Although herbal medicine, acupuncture, complementary and alternative medicine may be tried on children in some Asian communities, the evidence to support these practices are lacking. To date, only few recent patents exist in topical treatments including Il-31, laser and herbal medications. Clinical efficacy is pending for these treatment modalities. Conclusions: None of the established therapeutic options are curative. However, newer treatment modalities including excimer laser, interleukin-31 antibodies and biologics are evolving so that there may be significant advances in treatment in the near future. AA can be psychosocially devastating. It is important to assess the quality of life, degree of anxiety, social phobia and mood of the patients and their families. Psychological support is imperative for those who are adversely affected psychosocially.

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