scholarly journals Analytical techniques for determination of mycotoxins in barley, malt and beer: A review

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marek Pernica ◽  
Karim C. Piacentini ◽  
Karolina Benešová ◽  
Josef Čáslavský ◽  
Sylvie Běláková
Keyword(s):  
Solid Phase ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Quechers Method ◽  
Barley Malt ◽  
Extraction And Purification ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Layer Chromatography

The increasing interest in defining the content of mycotoxins is related to the development of methods for their determination. Several methods of determination have been published. This paper describes analytical procedures such as (a) sample preparation – sampling and homogenization, (b) extraction and purification – solid phase extraction (SPE), a QuEChERS method (acronymic name from quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged and safe), solid-liquid extraction (SLE) and immuno affinity extraction (IAE). It also provides a review of, (c) instruments, and other analytical methods such as thin layer chromatography (TLC), enzyme linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) and liquid chromatography (LC), gas chromatography (GC) with different detectors for determination of mycotoxin in barley, malt and beer are discussed.

Determination of bisphenol A, its chlorinated derivatives and structural analogues in vegetables by focussed ultrasound solid-liquid extraction and GC–MS/MS

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 266
Author(s):  
Julia Martín ◽  
Juan Luis Santos ◽  
José Luis Malvar ◽  
Irene Aparicio ◽  
Esteban Alonso
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Solid Phase ◽  
Liquid Extraction ◽  
Local Market ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Structural Analogues ◽  
Solid Liquid Extraction ◽  
Solid Liquid ◽  
Focussed Ultrasound

Environmental contextFollowing stringent regulations, based on environmental health concerns, for controlling the production and usage of bisphenol A, several analogues have been developed as replacement chemicals. These analogues are now found in environmental samples at similar or even higher concentrations than bisphenol A. We report a sensitive and easy-to-perform analytical method for the determination of 11 bisphenols in vegetables. AbstractIn this work, a sensitive, selective, fast and easy-to-perform method has been developed, based on focussed ultrasound solid-liquid extraction (FUSLE) and dispersive solid-phase extraction (d-SPE), for the multiresidue determination of bisphenol A (BPA), its chlorinated derivatives (Clx-BPA) and six structural analogues (S, F, E, B, P, AF) in vegetables. Determination was carried out by gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (GC–MS/MS). A Box–Behnken design was used to optimise the most significant variables. Recoveries in the range from 74 to 105%, precision (relative standard deviation) lower than 12% and limits of quantification in the range from 0.05 to 1ngg−1 d.w. (dry weight) were achieved. The method was successfully applied to the determination of the compounds in carrot, turnip and potato samples purchased from a local market. BPA and Cl-BPA were found in most of the analysed samples at concentrations up to 8.91ngg−1 d.w. The analytical and operational properties of the method make it appropriate to be applied in food monitoring programs.

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