The Effect of the Goal of Communication on Speaker Perceptions of Cognitive Difficulty and Stress: Informative versus Persuasive Speech

Although adult listeners can often identify a talker’s region of origin based on his or her speech, young children typically fail in dialect perception tasks, and little is known about the development of regional dialect representations from childhood into adulthood. This study explored listeners’ understanding of the indexical importance of American English regional dialects across the lifespan. Listeners between 4 and 79 years old in the Midwestern United States heard talkers from the Midland, Northern, Southern, and New England regions in two regional dialect perception tasks: identification and discrimination. The results showed that listeners as young as 4–5 years old understand the identity-marking significance of some regional dialects, although adult-like performance was not achieved until adolescence. Further, the findings suggest that regional dialect perception is simultaneously impacted by the specific dialects involved and the cognitive difficulty of the task.

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Metrics for evaluation of metaprogram complexity

Computer Science and Information Systems ◽

10.2298/csis090315004d ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (4) ◽

pp. 769-787 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Robertas Damasevicius ◽

Vytautas Stuikys

Keyword(s):

Measurement Techniques ◽

Graph Algorithm ◽

Aspect Oriented Programming ◽

Engineering Software ◽

Software Complexity ◽

Complexity Management ◽

Complexity Metrics ◽

Cognitive Difficulty ◽

Cognitive Dimensions

The concept of complexity is used in many areas of computer science and software engineering. Software complexity metrics can be used to evaluate and compare quality of software development and maintenance processes and their products. Complexity management and measurement is especially important in novel programming technologies and paradigms, such as aspect-oriented programming, generative programming, and metaprogramming, where complex multilanguage and multi-aspect program specifications are developed and used. This paper analyzes complexity management and measurement techniques, and proposes five complexity metrics (Relative Kolmogorov Complexity, Metalanguage Richness, Cyclomatic Complexity, Normalized Difficulty, Cognitive Difficulty) for measuring complexity of metaprograms at information, metalanguage, graph, algorithm, and cognitive dimensions.

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A Study on the Aspects of the Problems with University Students’ Persuasive Speech Performance and Its Instructing Methods

The Society for Korean Language & Literary Research ◽

10.15822/skllr.2013.41.3.411 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 41 (3) ◽

pp. 411-438

Author(s):

Minju Chung

Keyword(s):

University Students ◽

Speech Performance ◽

Persuasive Speech

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The Old Rhetoric

A History of Ambiguity ◽

10.23943/princeton/9780691167954.003.0001 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 27-68

Author(s):

Anthony Ossa-Richardson

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Philosophical Analysis ◽

Persuasive Communication ◽

Western Thought ◽

The West ◽

The Third ◽

Early Twentieth Century ◽

The World ◽

Persuasive Speech

This chapter discusses the Old Rhetoric, sketching the long persistence in the West—from Aristotle to the early twentieth century—of a ‘single meaning model’ of language, one that takes ambiguity for granted as an obstacle to persuasive speech and clear philosophical analysis. In Aristotle's works are the seeds of three closely related traditions of Western thought on ambiguity: the logicosemantic, the rhetorical, and the hermeneutic. The first seeks to eliminate ambiguity from philosophy because it hinders a clear analysis of the world. The second seeks to eliminate ambiguity from speech because it hinders the clear and persuasive communication of argument. The third, an extension of the second, seeks to resolve textual ambiguity because it hinders the reader's ability to grasp the writer's intention. The chapter then considers Aristotle's two types of verbal ambiguity: homonym and amphiboly. The solution to both—whether their presence in a discussion is accidental or deliberate—is what Aristotle calls diairesis or distinction, that is, the explicit clarification of the different meanings involved.

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