SLIP OF THE TONGUE IN BARACK OBAMA INTERVIEW AT THE AXE FILE

This study examines the type of slip of the tongue in Barack Obama's interview at The Axe Files. It also analyzes the possible factors causing the error in speech production in the context of political discourse. It used Fromkin’s and Clark’s theories to investigate the audio data on The Axe File episode 108 and 288 published in 2016 and 2018. The result shows that Obama employed anticipation, perseveration, transposition, substitution, blend, and haplologies. The dominant type produced in the interview is substitution. In addition, the factors influencing slip production are cognitive difficulty, situational anxiety, and social factors. These findings can be a reference for EFL teachers to show the various type of speech error produced in political discourses by native speakers. Further researchers are expected to use other relevant theories to classify a slip of the tongue in several other contexts.

Analysis of Teacher-Student Interaction in the Joint Solving of Non-Routine Problems in Primary Education Classrooms

The analysis of teacher–student interaction when jointly solving routine problems in the primary education mathematics classroom has revealed that there is scarce reasoning and little participation on students’ part. To analyze whether this fact is due to the routine nature of the problems, a sample of teachers who solved, together with their students, a routine problem involving three questions with different cognitive difficulty levels (task 1) was analyzed, describing on which part of the problem-solving process (selection of information or reasoning) they focused their interaction. Results showed that they barely focused the interaction on reasoning, and participation of students was scarce, regardless of the cognitive difficulty of the question to be answered. To check whether these results could be due to the routine nature of the problem, a nonroutine problem (task 2) was solved by the same sample of teachers and students. The results revealed an increase in both reasoning and participation of students in processes that required complex reasoning. This being so, the main conclusion of the present study is that including nonroutine problem solving in the primary education classroom as a challenging task is a reasonable way to increase students’ ability to use their own reasoning to solve problems, and to promote greater teacher–student collaboration. These two aspects are relevant for students to become creative, critical, and reflective citizens.

Cognitive Health in Massachusetts, New Hampshire, and Rhode Island: Findings From the Healthy Aging Data Reports

Over time persons with Alzheimer’s disease (AD) have impaired health, lower quality of life, and increased mortality compared to those without AD. This study describes state and community rates of Alzheimer’s disease, self-rated cognitive difficulty, and the % of the population age 85+ in three New England states (MA, NH, RI). Data sources were the American Community Survey (2009-2013 RI, 2012-2016 MA/NH) and the CMS Medicare Current Beneficiary Summary File (2012-2013 RI, 2015 MA/NH). Small area estimation techniques were used to calculate age-sex adjusted community rates for Alzheimer’s disease and related dementias (ADRD), self-reported cognitive difficulties, percentage of older adults 85 years or older, and the percentage of adults age 65+ living alone. State rates (range) were: AD: RI 14.4% (8-23%), MA 13.6% (6-19.31%), and NH 12% (5.49-33.51%). Self-reported cognitive difficulty: MA 8.3% (0-25.16%), RI 7.8% (2-18%), and NH were 6.9% (0-34.21%). Adults 85 years and older: RI 17.6% (6-24%), MA 15.2% (0-32.23%), and NH 12.9% (0-27.91%). Living alone: RI 30.4% (12-45%), MA 30.2% (6.25-50%), and NH 26.1% (6.13-72.55%). While there was significant variation across states, Rhode Island had the highest state rate of ADRD, older adults 85 and older, and percentage of older adults living alone. Within-state disparities among AD rates, cognitive difficulties, and living alone was highest in NH, but MA had the largest variation for community rates of adults 85+. Understanding the prevalence of brain health is important to policy and practice efforts to promote age-friendly communities. This research was supported by the Tufts Health Plan Foundation.

613. Lessons learned from a Rhode Island academic out-patient Lyme and tick-borne disease clinic

Background Although the prevalence of tick-borne diseases (TBD) continues to increase, there remains significant confusion regarding treatment for Lyme and other TBDs. We conducted a chart review of all new patients that came to an academic center for Lyme and TBDs. We then initiated a quality improvement project for feedback from a small subset of patients with Post-treatment Lyme disease syndrome (PTLDS). Methods Charts of patients visiting the clinic between March and November 2018 were reviewed. Data abstracted from the electronic health record included demographics, laboratory and clinical data. A small subset of patients who reported a history of Lyme and at least 6 months of symptoms after antibiotic treatment were enrolled in a phone survey to evaluate their experience with treatment for PTLDS. Results Symptoms most commonly seen in 218 new patients included fatigue (66.5%), joint pain (58.2%), cognitive difficulty (32.1%), headache (27.9%) and sleep disturbance (27.5%). 87% had already received tick-borne disease directed antibiotic treatment. Over half (60.5%) of patients report having symptoms for more than 6 months. More than half of patients (54.8%) who had more than 6 months of Lyme-related symptoms had positive serological testing. Common themes identified in the 16 phone surveys of patients with PTLDS conducted so far included significant frustration related to the dismissive attitudes from medical professionals (n=9/16), and many sought alternative or complementary therapies (n=11/16). Six patients reported receiving very long-term antibiotic regimens from other Lyme specialists. Many patients expressed satisfaction with the visit and medical advice even in the absence of curative therapy (n=9/16), although a significant number continued to seek care elsewhere (n=6/16). Conclusion More than half of new patients reported symptoms lasting more than 6 months after targeted antibiotic therapy. Further research is needed to develop interventions for the common symptoms of fatigue, joint pain, cognitive difficulty and sleep disturbance. Treatments to improve sleep, diet, and physical activity and decrease inflammation among patients who suffer from PTLDS are needed. Disclosures All Authors: No reported disclosures

Gaps-In-Noise Test Performance in Children with Speech Sound Disorder and Cognitive Difficulty

Background and Objectives: The Gaps-In-Noise (GIN) test is a clinically effective measure of the integrity of the central auditory nervous system. The GIN procedure can be applied to a pediatric population above 7 years of age. The present study conducted the GIN test to compare the abilities of auditory temporal resolution among typically developing children, children with speech sound disorder (SSD), and children with cognitive difficulty (CD).Subjects and Methods: Children aged 8 to 11 years-(total n=30) participated in this study. There were 10 children in each of the following three groups: typically developing children, children with SSD, and children with CD. The Urimal Test of Articulation and Phonology was conducted as a clinical assessment of the children’s articulation and phonology. The Korean version of the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children-III (K-WISC-III) was administered as a screening test for general cognitive function. According to the procedure of Musiek, the pre-recorded stimuli of the GIN test were presented at 50 dB SL. The results were scored by the approximated threshold and the overall percent correct score (%).Results: All the typically developing children had normal auditory temporal resolution based on the clinical cutoff criteria of the GIN test. The children with SSD or CD had significantly reduced gap detection performance compared to age-matched typically developing children. The children’s intelligence score measured by the K-WISC-III test explained 37% of the variance in the percent-correct score.Conclusions: Children with SSD or CD exhibited poorer ability to resolve rapid temporal acoustic cues over time compared to the age-matched typically developing children. The ability to detect a brief temporal gap embedded in a stimulus may be related to the general cognitive ability or phonological processing.

Sequence tube maps: making graph genomes intuitive to commuters

Motivation Compared to traditional haploid reference genomes, graph genomes are an efficient and compact data structure for storing multiple genomic sequences, for storing polymorphisms or for mapping sequencing reads with greater sensitivity. Further, graphs are well-studied computer science objects that can be efficiently analyzed. However, their adoption in genomic research is slow, in part because of the cognitive difficulty in interpreting graphs. Results We present an intuitive graphical representation for graph genomes that re-uses well-honed techniques developed to display public transport networks, and demonstrate it as a web tool. Availability and implementation Code: https://github.com/vgteam/sequenceTubeMap. Demonstration https://vgteam.github.io/sequenceTubeMap/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.