Vocational Rehabilitation Closure Statuses in the United States: Generalizing to the Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity

2005 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith B. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
The United States ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Black African ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Vocational Rehabilitation (VR) research focusing on race, ethnicity and other demographic variables has continued to gain needed attention in the VR literature over the past ten years. In the study described here, the Chi-squared Automatic Interaction Detector (CHAID), an exploratory multivariate statistical tool from Answer Tree (SPSS, 2001), was used to investigate closure codes (statuses) with Race, Ethnicity, Age, and Gender. The test statistic revealed a statistically significant difference with the Hispanic ethnicity, age, and types of closures with the race (i.e., African American and White American) of customers in the United States VR system. Particularly, customers who are non-Hispanic (African Americans) between the ages of 51-60 are more likely not to be accepted for VR services (Status 08 from 02) and once accepted for VR services, close not rehabilitated (Statuses 28,30, & closed from pre-service, Status 38 from Status 04). Results further indicated that Black (African American) and White (European American) Hispanics in the United States VR system tend to have different experiences. Suggestions for VR counselors are discussed.

The hidden history of Benjamin Montgomery: Slave, manager, and accountant

2021 ◽  
pp. 103237322110581
Author(s):  
Sandra Gates ◽  
Megan Burke ◽  
John Humphreys
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Accounting Profession ◽  
Accounting Practice ◽  
Accounting History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Narrative Process ◽  
Race Ethnicity

Little is known about the contributions of African-American slaves in the histories of various business domains, including accounting. Some authors attribute this scholarly silence to ideological motives due to race-ethnicity and bigotry. Others note that this paucity reflects not only a lack of data but also an inability to adequately approach the contributions of minorities to the accounting profession. Consequently, there are hidden voices in accounting history that should be explored. One of those voices belongs to Benjamin Thornton Montgomery, a Southern slave who became a plantation manager and owner. Observing Montgomery’s practices through the unique historical lens of the ante-bellum period of the United States, we argue that he should also be acknowledged for his responsibilities as an accountant. Accordingly, we use an analytically structured narrative process to examine the compelling case of Ben Montgomery to inform a more accurate and balanced historical foundation of accounting practice in America.

P760Clinical profile of African-American and non-Hispanic caucasian patients with Takotsubo cardiomyopathy syndrome in a large urban hospital in the United States of America

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
P Westman ◽  
K Ravindra ◽  
J Chiabrando ◽  
D Kadariya ◽  
G Maehara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Hospital Mortality ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
The United States ◽  
Stress Cardiomyopathy ◽  
Urban Hospital ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Caucasian Patients

Abstract Background Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy is an acute reversible heart failure syndrome initially described in Japanese patients, but now well characterized in Caucasians patients in Europe or of European descent. An initial observation has suggested a lower incidence of Takotsubo in non-Caucasian subjects, particularly in the African-American (AA) population in the United States of America. The purpose of this study was to assess whether epidemiologic and clinical differences were present in Takotsubo in a large urban hospital in Virginia, USA. Methods We used an informatics-based system to query electronic health records (TriNetX, Cambridge, MA, USA) to search for cases of Takotsubo between 2010 and 2018 and a corresponding cohort of patients with non-ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction (NSTEMI). We then performed a chart-level review of 160 cases and obtained additional clinical information including symptoms, risk factors, co-morbidities, and in-hospital outcomes. This retrospective study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of our institution. Results We identified 260 cases of Takotsubo and 6,270 of NSTEMI in the same time period (1:24, 4.2%). Being AA was associated with an odds ratio of Takotsubo versus NSTEMI of 0.38 [0.29–0.50] (P=0.0001). With further evaluation of patients with Takotsubo (N=160), AA (N=44, 27.2%) and Non-Hispanic Caucasian (C) (N=110, 67.9%) had no differences in age and sex. AA patients with Takotsubo however were more likely than C patients to be affected by type II diabetes mellitus (38.6% versus 14.5%, P=0.002, OR 3.70 [1.65–8.28]), have history of drug abuse (27.3% versus 9.1%, P=0.009, OR 3.75 [1.48–9.49]) and of cocaine use in particular (9.1% versus 0.9%, P=0.024, OR 11.0 [1.19–101.4]). The pattern of wall motion abnormality was not different between the 2 groups. AA patients presented with a lower ratio of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) to troponin I (41.9 [12.7–258] pg./ml versus 281 [42–890] pg/ml, P=0.022). There was no significant difference of in-hospital mortality between the AA and C groups (9.1% versus 25%, respectively, OR 0.40 [0.13–1.24], P=0.11). Conclusions The incidence and clinical characteristics of Takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy appear to be different between African-American and Non-Hispanic Caucasian patients. African-American patients are more likely to have diabetes and illicit drug usage, but have a lower BNP/troponin I ratio. Both AA and Non-Hispanic Caucasian patients have similar in-hospital mortality.

Perceived Vocational Rehabilitation Service Efficacy by Race/Ethnicity: Results of a National Customer Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Keith B. Wilson ◽  
Tyra Turner ◽  
Jiawei Liu ◽  
Debra A. Harley ◽  
Reginald J. Alston
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
Rehabilitation Service ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Test Statistic ◽  
Vocational Rehabilitation Service ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Race Ethnicity

The purpose of this study was to examine whether African Americans, European Americans, and other races and ethnicities with disabilities differed in perceived job placement efficacy of vocational rehabilitation (VR) services in the United States. Binary logistic regression was employed to predict how African Americans, European Americans, and other races and ethnicities would view VR services in assisting them to get Jobs. The test statistic revealed that race/ethnicity and perceived VR service efficacy among VR customers were not statistically significant. However, as the number (answering yes on the NIHS) of African Americans, European Americans, and other races and ethnicities increased, they perceived that the VR services they received did not assist them in getting a Job. Future research considerations for VR administrators and counselors are discussed.

scholarly journals Differences in COVID-19 Testing and Test Positivity Among Veterans, United States, 2020

2021 ◽  
pp. 003335492110094
Author(s):  
Jacqueline M. Ferguson ◽  
Hoda S. Abdel Magid ◽  
Amanda L. Purnell ◽  
Mathew V. Kiang ◽  
Thomas F. Osborne
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
Low Income ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Test ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Positive Test Result ◽  
Black African ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Test Result

Objective COVID-19 disproportionately affects racial/ethnic minority groups in the United States. We evaluated characteristics associated with obtaining a COVID-19 test from the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) and receiving a positive test result for COVID-19. Methods We conducted a retrospective cohort analysis of 6 292 800 veterans in VHA care at 130 VHA medical facilities. We assessed the number of tests for SARS-CoV-2 administered by the VHA (n = 822 934) and the number of positive test results (n = 82 094) from February 8 through December 28, 2020. We evaluated associations of COVID-19 testing and test positivity with demographic characteristics of veterans, adjusting for facility characteristics, comorbidities, and county-level area-based socioeconomic measures using nested generalized linear models. Results In fully adjusted models, veterans who were female, Black/African American, Hispanic/Latino, urban, and low income and had a disability had an increased likelihood of obtaining a COVID-19 test, and veterans who were Asian had a decreased likelihood of obtaining a COVID-19 test. Compared with veterans who were White, veterans who were Black/African American (risk ratio [RR] = 1.23; 95% CI, 1.19-1.27) and Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander (RR = 1.13; 95% CI, 1.05-1.21) had an increased likelihood of receiving a positive test result. Hispanic/Latino veterans had a 43% higher likelihood of receiving a positive test result than non-Hispanic/Latino veterans did. Conclusions Although veterans have access to subsidized health care at the VHA, the increased risk of receiving a positive test result for COVID-19 among Black and Hispanic/Latino veterans, despite receiving more tests than White and non-Hispanic/Latino veterans, suggests that other factors (eg, social inequities) are driving disparities in COVID-19 prevalence.

Two Peas in a Pod? An Exploratory Examination Into Cancer-Related Psychosocial Characteristics and Health Behaviors Among Black Immigrants and African Americans

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1035-1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann Oyare Amuta-Jimenez ◽  
Nafissatou Cisse-Egbounye ◽  
Wura Jacobs ◽  
Gabrielle P. A. Smith
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Health Behaviors ◽  
Health Care Providers ◽  
The United States ◽  
Black Immigrants ◽  
Care Providers ◽  
Psychosocial Characteristics ◽  
Black African

Introduction. Most studies lump Black immigrants (BIs) and African Americans (AAs) as “Black/African American” during investigation. Such categorization assumes that the sociocultural determinants that influence BIs are the same as for AAs. This study attempts to disentangle the AA and BI subgroups to recognize the differences in cancer-related psychosocial characteristics and health behaviors. Methods. Merged data from the Health Information National Survey (2011–2017) were used. Two groups were created: those who identified as AA and those who identified as AA but were born outside the United States (BI). Between-group differences were assessed with Mann–Whitney U and chi-square tests. Results. Positive communication patterns with health care providers were significantly higher among AAs ( M [mean] = 3.41, SD [standard deviation] = 0.68) compared with BIs ( M = 3.28, SD = 0.71) ( p = .004). A greater proportion of BIs indicated that their health was excellent (14.2%), compared with AAs (7.9%). AAs reported higher cancer family history (75.1%) than BIs (46.5%). More AAs had smoked at least 100 cigarettes in their lifetime (41.5%) than BIs (16.7%). BIs consumed significantly more fruits each day ( M = 2.77, SD = 1.43) than AAs ( M = 2.40, SD = 1.44) ( p < .001). BIs also reported more physical activity ( M = 2.62, SD = 2.15) than AAs ( M = 2.37, SD = 2.18) ( p = .030). AA women were more likely to have had a pap smear test ( M = 2.07, SD = 1.44) compared with BI women ( M = 1.73, SD = 1.21) ( p = .002). Discussion. Evidence suggests the need to disentangle the “Black/African American” ethnic grouping. Lumping the BI populations together with the AAs, who have been in the United States for generations, may limit the ability to uncover and consequently address culturally driven disease prevention efforts and promote understanding of the biological, environmental, and psychosocial risk factors within Black heterogeneous populations.

scholarly journals Use of Mentholated Cigarettes and Likelihood of Smoking Cessation in the United States: A Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip H Smith ◽  
Biruktawit Assefa ◽  
Simranpreet Kainth ◽  
Kaliris Y Salas-Ramirez ◽  
Sherry A McKee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
African American ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Health Benefit ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Black African ◽  
Menthol Cigarette ◽  
Marketing Influence

Abstract Introduction Previous qualitative reviews have summarized evidence of an association between menthol cigarette use and likelihood of smoking cessation. The objective of this meta-analysis was to provide a quantitative summary of effect sizes, their variability, and factors related to the variability in effect size for the association between menthol use and likelihood of smoking cessation. Methods We systematically searched Medline, PsycINFO, and Embase for prospective and cross-sectional studies of the association between menthol use and smoking cessation. We analyzed data with random effects meta-analyses and meta-regression. Results Our review identified 22 reports from 19 studies of the association between menthol use and cessation. All identified study samples included only US smokers, with one exception that included both Canadian and US smokers. Our overall model did not demonstrate a significant association between menthol use and cessation; however, menthol users were significantly less likely to quit among blacks/African American smokers (odds ratio = 0.88). Conclusions Among blacks/African Americans predominantly in the US menthol users have approximately 12% lower odds of smoking cessation compared to non-menthol users. This difference is likely the result of the tobacco industry’s ongoing marketing influence on the black/African American Community, suggesting that a menthol ban may have a unique public health benefit for black/African American smokers by encouraging quitting behavior. Implications This study adds a quantitative summary of the association between menthol cigarette use and smoking cessation in the United States. Findings of an association with lower likelihood of cessation among black/African American smokers, likely resulting from the tobacco industry’s marketing influence, support the ban of menthol flavoring as part of a comprehensive tobacco control effort to increase cessation among black/African American smokers.

scholarly journals Black-ish Missiology: A Critique of Mission Studies and Appeal for Inclusion in the United States Context

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-192
Author(s):  
Dwight A. Radcliff
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African American ◽  
The United States ◽  
Not Given ◽  
Current Field ◽  
Close Inspection ◽  
Black African ◽  
Idiomatic Expression

Abstract Using the idiomatic expression found in the United States, this essay contends that the current field of missiology is black-ish. The expression is used to describe something purports to be Black (African American), but upon close inspection may not be authentic to the culture. This essay seeks to examine the dearth of specifically African American contributions to missiology. Citing issues of internal structuring and epistemology, an argument is made that African American voices and culture are often lost in this maze constituted by a lack of uniformity within mission studies. Additionally, there is an existing catalogue of Black scholarship that deals, directly and indirectly, with mission but is often not given the same latitude of inclusion and review that White scholarship is afforded in the United States.

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