Idiomatic Expressions in J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and The Prisoner of Azkaban

The paper argues that the quality of idiom translations depends on the appropriate strategy used while translating them because idiomatic expressions cannot be translated from their words. This study was carried out to describe the meaning of the idiomatic expression and the application of Chesterman's strategies in translating idioms and identify the speech acts of the utterances conveyed by the speaker in the data. This research used a descriptive qualitative method. The data were gathered from J.K. Rowling’s Harry Potter and the Prisoner of Azkaban. The study also used their Indonesian version to find out the translation of the idiomatic expressions. One hundred five quotes were taken from the novels. As a result, Unit Shift appears more frequently in the novel as a syntactic strategy followed by Scheme Change. Furthermore, in terms of semantic approach, distribution Change is the most common strategy that emerges from the novels, followed by Trope Change. The Assertive Act is the most dominant act delivered by the speaker behind the utterances in speech acts.

Humour in Dickens’ Oliver Twist

This paper attempts to investigate the use of humour in revealing the idea of corruption in Dickens’ novel Oliver Twist. Corruption was a huge problem in London in the 1830s when Dickens was writing. Oliver Twist was one of his best novels that portrayed how corruption lived. Through this novel, he also wanted to show how social and cultural at that time created corrupt behavior in the society. The art of humour created by Dickens is an interesting strategy to deliver the message of corruption. By understanding the art of humour that consists of idiomatic expression, social and cultural context, would help the translator to capture a distinctive creative process that incorporates the linguistic structures and cultural environment of the target language while at the same time remaining as faithful as possible to the original.

One Does Not Simply Teach Idioms: Meme Creation as Innovative Practice for Virtual EFL Learners

To maximize the advantages of virtual learning, the present study highlights the potential for Internet meme design and creation in English language learning (ELL) courses as an innovative activity that raises student agency, increases multimodal literacy, inculcates intercultural communication, and teaches idiomatic expression. Memes resonate a multimodal feedback loop of popular culture. In the context of language education, multimodal literacy is a necessity for 21st-century education because the affordances of digital learning platforms present the world told alongside the world shown. While some studies feature the usefulness of memes in English as a foreign language (EFL) learning, none have underscored meme creation as a learning activity. To demonstrate the activity in situ, a vignette at two Korean universities features two instructors who ask their respective students ( N = 49) to design one meme using an idiom discovered in their ELL materials from a prescribed list, then asks: 1) What common power relations and ideologies emerge in the multimodal discourse of the collected pool of student “idiomemes”? 2) What do the findings tell us about student attitudes and engagement with the activity? 3) What do the findings tell us about the importance of multimodal discourse in EFL learning? Using a multimodal critical discourse analysis of the student-created Internet memes, the findings reveal that students chose culturally familiar images to complete the assignment, suggesting that their engagement and understanding of multimodal, English discourse increases commensurately with content intuitive to their culture. The implications suggest that empowering students with a measure of agency in expressing culturally relevant, multimodal discourse in ELL course content increases their engagement in virtual classrooms. Designing idiomemes, as a virtual learning activity, is further explored as a curricular augmentation that increases the value of a student's language-learning investment.

Idiomatic expression usage recognition by neural networks

Многие идиоматические выражения могут использоваться не только в переносном смысле, но и в прямом. Распознавание того или иного случая их употребления является важной задачей во многих приложениях обработки текстов на естественном языке, в частности, в машинном переводе. В настоящей работе предлагается автоматический способ распознавания прямого и переносного использования идиоматических выражений на основе анализа их локальных контекстов с помощью рекуррентных нейронных сетей. Исследованы два типа таких сетей для решения данной задачи — обычные рекуррентные нейросети и двунаправленные их модификации. Рассмотрены варианты представления слов контекста как в виде нормальных форм,так и виде словоформ, встретившихся в тексте. Описаны способ построения и характеристики дистрибутивной модели, в которой хранятся векторные представления слов и целевых идиоматических выражений. В заключение мы даем обзор наиболее важных работ по данной проблематике.

The Figurative Language in David Campbell’s Poem “Night Sowing” and Their Translation into “Menyemai di Malam Hari”

This study aims to find out the types of figurative language found in David Campbell’s poem “Night Sowing” and their translation “Menyemai di Malam Hari” and to find out the meanings of the figurative language found in David Campbell’s poem “Night Sowing” and their translation “Menyemai di Malam Hari”. This study used the theory proposed by Larson (1998:121). In collecting data, this study used the library research method, and the data were collected in some steps to obtain appropriate and sufficient data. The steps in getting the data of this writing were done by reading attentively and accurately with the focus on the figurative languages in the poem. The result of study revealed that metonymy, idiom and personification are the types of figurative languages found in the data source. In translating the idiomatic expression, it needs the proper strategy so that the meaning in the source language can still be maintained.

Non-Equivalence at Idiomatic and Expressional Level and the Strategies to Deal With: English Translation into Persian in Animal Farm by George Orwell

This paper makes an effort to investigate the obstacles in nonequivalence at the idiomatic and expressional level and then presents some certain factors to face such difficulties in Animal Farm novel (1945) by George Orwell and its translation by Amir Amirshahi (1969). The researchers in the current study try by analyzing six certain strategies as using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning and form, similar meaning but dissimilar form, borrowing the source language, translation by paraphrase, translation by the omission of a play on idiomatic expression and translation by the omission of entire idiomatic expression (Baker, 2011). Moreover, the present research is a descriptive, non-judgmental, comparative and corpus-based analysis of EnglishPersian parallel study. The findings demonstrate the fact that the practical ways in the translation of idiomatic expressions presented by Baker (2011) are applicable, and the most useable strategy is using an idiomatic expression of similar meaning but dissimilar form at 35.96%.

La relación de depredación entre humanos y no-humanos en la ontología de los q’ero de la cordillera de Vilcanota, Perú

The anatomy of human and non-human (apus, pachamamas, the dead etc.) relations and dependencies manifests itself in different types of daily practices and rituals (agri-culture and herding, mobility, alimentation, ritual songs, shamanic and medicinal practices) and reveals ontological schemes of exchange and predation. Interestingly, both schemes can be expressed through the idiomatic expression of “feeding”. This implies that the purpose of relationships between personal beings is to feed each other through reciprocal practices (exchange) or feed on others (predation). In this paper, we analyze the scheme of predation among the Q’eros, which takes the forms of seduction, sexual intercourse, cannibalism and kidnapping. Different types of predation were grouped into three modalities (oblivion, breaking the taboo and otherness) that constitute the axis of the narrative and, at the same time, represent the origins or causes of these relations.

Understanding Turkish Classical Makam: Identifying Modes Through Characteristic Melodies

In Turkish classical music, characteristic melodies known as “çeşni-s” form essential building blocks in makam, the modal system of the Middle East. Since around the beginning of the Turkish Republic (1923), Turkish musicologists adapted the makam system for Western staff notation and devised an approach to music theory based on scales. This modern approach, while currently widespread, has its limitations; in particular, the makam scales do not reflect the characteristic melodies that are often so important to the idiomatic expression of makam. For this reason, one needs extended interaction with experienced musicians in order to learn how to interpret the scores, via an oral form of pedagogy traditionally known as “meşk.”

Unpacking the Complexity of Gender Integration in the U.S. Military Using Discourse Analysis: The Case of Servicewomen’s Talk Around Having to Prove Themselves

A quasi-idiomatic expression ‘women have to prove themselves’ reflects various performance pressures and heightened visibility of women functioning in gendered professional spaces as advocated by tokenism theory. It is an example of how discriminatory practice – according to which competent and qualified women entering the culturally masculine professions are explicitly and implicitly expected to work harder for any recognition – gets discoursed in language and becomes a “rhetorically powerful form of talk” (Kitzinger 2000: 124). This paper explores the question: what is it that U.S. servicewomen functioning in the culturally hypermasculine space need to do to prove themselves? To this end, qualitative semi-structured interviews with women veterans of the recent Iraq and Afghanistan conflicts are qualitatively scrutinized with the methods of discourse analysis and conversation analysis to 1) identify practices that U.S. servicewomen engage in to symbolically (re-)claim their place and status in the military, i.e., to prove they belong; 2) find out how the talk around proving emerged in the course of the conversation and how it was further interactionally sustained and/or dealt with in talk-in-interaction. The findings of the micro-level analysis – interpreted through the lenses of tokenism and the category of the ‘honorary man’ – reveal women’s complex and nuanced struggle to fit and find acceptance in the military culture of hypermasculinity. They also re-engage with the ideas of tokenism by demonstrating that various acts of proving, reflecting women’s token status, may concurrently and paradoxically be a means to earn honorary man status.