Retinopathy of Prematurity in the 1990s

1999 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 31-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sharon Lee
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Visual Impairments ◽  
International Classification

Infants diagnosed with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) are at risk for developing visual impairments. The International Classification of ROP (ICROP) developed the most useful tool available for communicating the location and extent of the condition, with three zones to describe the location and five stages to describe the extent.Despite current knowledge and treatment, however, 500 infants are blinded each year by ROP. Infants at highest risk are the smallest and most immature. The nurse must understand why and how ROP occurs and the forms of management used to treat ROP. This article reports on the incidence, pathophysiology, risk factors, screening, treatment, and long-term complications of ROP in the 1990s.

scholarly journals Pattern and risk factors of retinopathy of prematurity in tertiary care centre

2022 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698
Author(s):  
Snehal Shende ◽  
Richa Gour ◽  
Veena Melwani ◽  
Priti Singh ◽  
Kavita Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Gestational Age ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
International Classification ◽  
Type I ◽  
Care Centre ◽  
Tertiary Care Centre ◽  
Factors Associated

Retinopathy of prematurity is one of the commonest cause of blindness in sick neonates exposed to excessive oxygen following NICU admissions. The present study was thus conducted to assess the pattern and risk factors associated with incidence of retinopathy of prematurity.A retrospective record based study was conducted at tertiary care centre between 1st July 2017 to 30thMay 2020 were screened for ROP. Baseline characteristics and risk factors for ROP were assessed. The zone and stage of ROP were categorized as per the International classification of ROP along with iris neovascularisation and plus disease as per the revised international classification of retinopathy of prematurity (ICROP) preplus disease criteria. Data was entered in excel sheet and analysed using SPSS software version 20.Majority of neonates belonged to gestational age of 28 to 31 weeks (58.8%) and 51.2% neonates had birthweight of 1.5 to 2 kg. Male preponderance was observed with male: female ratio of 1.75:1. Amongst the various risk factors, the occurrence of ROP was highly significantly associated with gestational age and birthweight (p<0.01). Subgroup analysis revealed that aggressive posterior ROP (APROP) contributed significantly to Type I ROP in 11.1% (3) cases. And the observed difference in gestational age and birthweight between APROP and other cases of ROP were statistically highly significant (p<0.01).Early and timely screening of ROP for all high risk neonates especially low birth weight and neonates with small gestational age should be mandatory as these are the most significant risk factors associated with ROP in present study.

Identifying the long-term needs of stroke survivors using the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kethakie Sumathipala ◽  
Eloise Radcliffe ◽  
Euan Sadler ◽  
Charles DA Wolfe ◽  
Christopher McKevitt
Keyword(s):  
International Classification ◽  
International Classification Of Functioning ◽  
Stroke Survivors ◽  
Disability And Health

Long-term opioid users with chronic noncancer pain: Assessment of opioid abuse risk and relationship with healthcare resource use

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 131 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna D. Coutinho, BPharm, PhD ◽  
Kavita Gandhi, BPharm, MS ◽  
Rupali M. Fuldeore, BAMS, MS ◽  
Pamela B. Landsman-Blumberg, MPH, DrPH ◽  
Sanjay Gandhi, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Opioid Abuse ◽  
Low Risk ◽  
Chronic Noncancer Pain ◽  
Cart Analysis ◽  
Risk Patients ◽  
Noncancer Pain ◽  
Abuse Risk

Objective: Identify opioid abuse risk factors among chronic noncancer pain (CNCP) patients receiving long-term opioid therapy and assess healthcare resource use (HRU) among patients at elevated abuse risk.Design: Data were obtained from an integrated administrative claims database. Classification and Regression Tree (CART) analysis identified risk factors potentially predictive of opioid abuse, which were used to classify the overall population into cohorts defined by levels of abuse risk. Multivariable logistic regression compared HRU across risk cohorts.Setting: Retrospective cohort study.Patients, participants: 21,072 patients aged ≥18 years diagnosed with ≥1 of 5 types of CNCP and a prescription for Schedule II or III/IV opioid medication used long-term (≥90 days).Main outcome measures: (1) Opioid abuse risk factors; (2) HRU differences between risk cohorts.Results: CART analysis identified four groups at elevated opioid abuse risk defined by three factors (age, daily opioid dose, and total days’ supply of opioids); sensitivity: 70.3 percent, specificity: 74.1 percent, and positive predictive value: 5.6 percent. The analysis results were used to classify patients into low-risk (72.5 percent), at-risk (25.4 percent), and opioid-abuser (2.2 percent) cohorts. In multivariable analysis, emergency department (ED) use was higher among at-risk vs low-risk patients (odds ratio [OR]: 1.14; p < 0.05); hospitalization and ED visits were higher for opioid-abusers vs low-risk patients (OR: 2.33 and 2.14, respectively; p < 0.05).Conclusions: This study identifies a subpopulation of CNCP patients at risk of opioid abuse. However, limited sensitivity and specificity of criteria defining this subpopulation reinforce the importance of physician discretion in patient-level treatment decisions.

scholarly journals Incidence and risk factors for retinopathy of prematurity at a medical college hospital in rural Tamil Nadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (11) ◽  
pp. 2119
Author(s):  
Sengodi Elumalai ◽  
Rajasekaran Kathavarayan ◽  
Venkatesh Govindasamy
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Birth Weight ◽  
Blood Transfusion ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Care Center ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
College Hospital

Background: The objective of the research was to evaluate the incidence of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), association of prenatal and postnatal risk factors, pattern of ROP and treatment outcomes among infants admitted to neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) of tertiary care center located in Thiruvannamalai, Tamil Nadu.Methods: A retrospective study done in all infants admitted between April 2019 and March 2020 who met the criteria for ROP screening with gestational age (GA) less than or equal to 36 weeks or birth weight less than 2000 grams or with GA more than 36 weeks and birth weight more than 2000 gram with significant risk factors like intrauterine growth restriction, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, long term oxygen use, phototherapy, blood transfusion and maternal anemia. Treatment was offered to infants with stage 3 ROP and stage 2 in zone 2 with or without plus disease. Qualified infants were treated with argon laser photocoagulation within 72 hours of diagnosis. They were followed until the disease was successfully treated.Results: Out of total 3121 neonates, 717 neonates met the screening criteria. Incidence of ROP was found to be 33% (n=237). 46.4% (n=110) of ROP belongs to 32-36 weeks GA. 42.6% (n=101) of ROP belongs to 1500-2000 gm birth weight.Conclusions: Incidence of ROP is quite high in high risk neonates in our unit. Significant risk factors are long term oxygen use, blood transfusion and sepsis.

Fundus Examination in Pediatric Patients Using Indirect Ophthalmoscopy

2022 ◽  
pp. 281-305
Author(s):  
Danielle M. Ledoux ◽  
Brandon Johnson ◽  
Issac Moradi ◽  
Lily Zhu-Tam
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Premature Infant ◽  
Retinopathy Of Prematurity ◽  
Fundus Examination ◽  
Eye Care ◽  
Indirect Ophthalmoscopy ◽  
Challenging Technique ◽  
Standard Classification ◽  
Rate Limiting

The goal of this chapter is to provide the clinician with an understanding of binocular indirect ophthalmoscopy (BIO) and helpful clinical techniques for success in examining the fundus of the pediatric patient, including scleral depression. The challenging technique to examine the premature infant at risk for retinopathy of prematurity will be explained in detail, including the standard classification of the disease with photos depicting the different location and stages of disease. BIO with the addition of scleral indentation helps the clinician diagnose and locate lesions that may otherwise go undetected, such as retinal holes, tears, or vitreoretinal adhesions. Complete examination of the fundus of a child is no less important than of any other patient who seeks eye care but often requires efficiency and precision (as well as many human arms). Time is a rate limiting aspect when examining children so preparation and experience will lead to success.

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