Interpreting and Defensively Responding to Threat: Examining Appraisals and Coping With Acquaintance Sexual Aggression

2000 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paula S. Nurius ◽  
Jeanette Norris ◽  
Diane S. Young ◽  
Thomas L. Graham ◽  
Jan Gaylord
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Response ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Current Theory ◽  
Prevention Programming ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
Secondary Appraisal ◽  
And Coping

Resistance and prevention programming aimed at strengthening women’s ability to protect themselves against acquaintance sexual aggression has lacked attention to the cognitive and emotional processes women engage in when encountering such threats. Building upon current theory related to cognitive appraisal and coping processes, this study applies a theoretical model of how women evaluate and respond to sexual aggression by male acquaintances. Two hundred and two college women who had been sexually victimized by male acquaintances responded to a questionnaire that assessed their cognitive appraisals of and emotional and behavioral responses to the incident, in addition to aggression characteristics. Path analytic regression analyses examined theorized relationships among primary and secondary appraisal and emotional response variables in addition to their collective prediction of behavioral responding. The hypothesized model accounted for significant variance in behavioral responding and indicated different patterns of appraisals, emotions, and aggression characteristics predicting women’s assertive and diplomatic behavioral responses to their assaults. These findings are consistent with research and theory related to individuals’ appraisal of and coping with threatening events. Theoretical and intervention implications for resistance and prevention efforts are discussed.

scholarly journals A experiência do estigma dos consumidores de baixa renda no encontro de serviços

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 210-227
Author(s):  
Gabriel Roberto Dellacasa Levrini ◽  
Lucas Poletti
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Critical Incident ◽  
Social Stigma ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Critical Incident Technique ◽  
Service Encounters ◽  
Functional Relationships ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Low Income Consumers

This article focuses on low-income consumers facing social stigma in service encounters with contact employees. Research have regarded the income-consumers from the disadvantaged perspective but few from the stigmatized perspective. The literature tends to propose direct functional relationships between emotions and coping processes. Further studies suggested that emotional and cognitive appraisals interact to influence consumers' choice of coping strategies. Our study was designed using Critical Incident Technique and Content Analysis in 210 low income individuals. The results state the existence of that stigmatized behavior beyond the legitimate expected interaction between the parties involved. The construction of the stigma model evolution illustrated this research. 

scholarly journals The two roads of passionate goal pursuit: links with appraisal, coping, and academic achievement

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin J. I. Schellenberg ◽  
Daniel Seth Bailis
Keyword(s):  
Undergraduate Students ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Goal Attainment ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Final Grade ◽  
Coping Responses ◽  
Obsessive Passion ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
Harmonious And Obsessive Passion ◽  
And Coping

Background and Objectives: In this research, we testing the role of cognitive appraisals in explaining why harmonious and obsessive passion dimensions are related to distinct forms of coping, and explored if performance was impacted by these appraisal and coping processes.Design: Undergraduate students (N = 489) participated in a longitudinal study and completed three surveys throughout the course of an academic year.Methods: Participants completed assessments of both passion dimensions (Time 1), reported how they were appraising and coping with the mid-year exam period (Time 2), and provided consent to obtain their final grade in Introductory Psychology (Time 3). The hypothesised model was tested using structural equation modeling.Results: Harmonious and obsessive passion dimensions were linked with approach and avoidant coping responses, respectively. Cognitive appraisals, particularly appraisals of challenge and uncontrollability, played an indirect role in these relationships. In addition, both appraisals and coping responses had an indirect effect in the relationship between passion dimensions and final grade. Conclusions: These results identify cognitive appraisal as a reason why passion dimensions are linked with distinct coping tendencies, and demonstrate the role appraisal and coping processes in the journey toward passionate goal attainment.

Women’s Behavioral Responses to Sexual Aggression: The Role of Secondary Cognitive Appraisals and Self-Regulation

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (14) ◽  
pp. 1689-1709 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine K. Tirabassi ◽  
S. Jean Caraway ◽  
Raluca M. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Aggression ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Cognitive Appraisals ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Sexually Aggressive

Sexual assault history, secondary cognitive appraisals, and a dual-process model of self-regulation were examined as predictors of women’s intended behavioral responses to hypothetical sexual aggression. College women ( N = 435) read a sexually aggressive scenario and rated their intentions to engage in assertive, polite, and passive behavioral responses. Results indicated secondary cognitive appraisals predicted less assertive, more polite, and more passive responses. Good self-control predicted assertive and polite responses, while sexual assault history and poor regulation predicted passive responses. Poor regulation significantly moderated the relationship between secondary cognitive appraisals and passive behavioral responses. Implications for the prevention of sexual assault are discussed.

Stress, Coping, and Social Support in Hypothetically Psychosis-Prone Subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 78 (3_suppl) ◽  
pp. 1267-1283 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Schuldberg ◽  
Stephanie B. Karwacki ◽  
G. Leonard Burns
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Life Events ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Magical Ideation ◽  
Primary Appraisal ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
Secondary Appraisal ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Coping Patterns

This paper examined stress processes in hypothetically psychosis-prone individuals. Subjects scoring high on Perceptual Aberration/Magical Ideation (Per-Mag subjects), Anhedonia, and low-scoring control subjects were compared for scores on Hassles and Uplifts, cognitive appraisal, coping strategies, emotions in two stressful situations, and on perceived social support. The groups differed in their experiences of minor life events and Secondary Appraisal but not in Primary Appraisal or emotions. There were notable differences in coping patterns and perceptions of social support. Per-Mag subjects contrasted with controls in using more coping by Escape-avoidance and Accepting responsibility, and reported less social support. Anhedonic subjects differed in their experience of minor life events and coped less through Positive reappraisal and Seeking social support. Per-Mag subjects are mainly distinguished by their coping processes. Anhedonic subjects are also sensitive to the incidence of minor life events. The results indicate that risk factors, stress, and coping interact in the absence of mental disorder.

The Meaning of Mindfulness: A Second-Order Cybernetics of Stress, Metacognition, and Coping

2007 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric L. Garland
Keyword(s):  
Mindfulness Meditation ◽  
Clinical Intervention ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
Complementary And Integrative Medicine ◽  
Therapeutic Mechanisms ◽  
Self Transcendence ◽  
The Individual ◽  
And Coping ◽  
Mechanisms Of Mindfulness

Stress-related illness presents an ever-increasing burden to society, and thus has become the target of numerous complementary and integrative medicine interventions. One such clinical intervention, mindfulness meditation, has gained eminence for its demonstrated efficacy in reducing stress and improving health outcomes. Despite its prominence, little is known about the mechanics through which it exerts its treatment effects. This article details the therapeutic mechanisms of mindfulness with a novel causal model of stress, metacognition, and coping. Mindfulness is hypothesized to bolster coping processes by augmenting positive reappraisal, mitigating catastrophizing, and engendering self-transcendence. Reviews of stress and mindfulness are then framed by the perspective of second-order cybernetics, a transdisciplinary conceptual framework which builds on extant theory by highlighting the recursion between the individual and their environment.

Evolution of parental stress and coping processes: A framework for critical care practice

1995 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lynda L. LaMontagne ◽  
Barbara D. Johnson ◽  
Joseph T. Hepworth
Keyword(s):  
Critical Care ◽  
Parental Stress ◽  
Stress And Coping ◽  
Care Practice ◽  
Coping Processes ◽  
And Coping
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