The Impact of Parental and Peer Social Support on Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization Among Female Adolescents: A Longitudinal Study

Little is known about the role social support may play in reducing the risk of adolescent dating violence perpetration and victimization. This study is a longitudinal analysis of the independent impact of social support from friends and parents on the risk of emotional and physical dating violence perpetration and victimization among a large sample of female youth (n = 346). Findings indicate that 22% of the sample indicated perpetrating physical dating violence against a partner, whereas almost 16% revealed being the victim of physical dating violence; 34% of the sample indicated perpetrating emotional dating violence against a partner, whereas almost 39% revealed being the victim of emotional dating violence. Negative binomial regression models indicated that increased levels of support from friends at Time 1 was associated with significantly less physical and emotional dating violence perpetration and emotional (but not physical) dating violence victimization at Time 2. Parental support was not significantly related to dating violence in any model. Implications for dating violence curriculum and future research are addressed.

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Association Between Federal Value-Based Incentive Program Implementation and Hospital-Onset C. difficile Infection Rates

Infection Control and Hospital Epidemiology ◽

10.1017/ice.2020.645 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (S1) ◽

pp. s133-s133

Author(s):

Mohammad Alrawashdeh ◽

Chanu Rhee ◽

Heather Hsu ◽

Grace Lee

Keyword(s):

Program Implementation ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Neutralization Assay ◽

Nucleic Acid Amplification ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Future Research ◽

Testing Methods ◽

Toxigenic Culture ◽

The Impact

Background: The Hospital-Acquired Conditions Reduction Program (HACRP) and Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) are federal value-based incentive programs that financially reward or penalize hospitals based on quality metrics. Hospital-onset C. difficile infection (HO-CDI) rates reported to the CDC NHSN became a target quality metric for both HACRP and HVBP in October 2016, but the impact of these programs on HO-CDI rates is unknown. Methods: We used an interrupted time-series design to examine the association between HACRP/HVBP implementation in October 2016 and quarterly rates of HO-CDI per 10,000 patient days among incentive-eligible acute-care hospitals conducting facility-wide HO-CDI NHSN surveillance between January 2013 and March 2019. Generalized estimating equations were used to fit negative binomial regression models to assess for immediate program impact (ie, level change) and changes in the slope of HO-CDI rates, controlling for each hospital’s predominant method for CDI testing (nucleic acid amplification including PCR (NAAT), enzyme immunoassay for toxin (EIA), or other testing method including cell cytotoxicity neutralization assay and toxigenic culture). Results: Of the 265 study hospitals studied, most were medium-sized (100–399 beds, 55%), not-for-profit (77%), teaching hospitals (70%), and were located in a metropolitan area (87%). Compared to EIA, rates of HO-CDI were higher when detected by NAAT (incidence rate ratio [IRR], 1.55; 95% CI, 1.41–1.70) or other testing methods (IRR, 1.47; 95% CI, 1.26–1.71). Controlling for CDI testing methods, HACRP/HVBP implementation was associated with an immediate 6% decline in HO-CDI rates (IRR, 0.94; 95% CI, 0.89–0.99) and a 4% decline in slope per year-quarter thereafter (IRR, 0.96; 95% CI, 0.95–0.97) (Fig. 1). Conclusions: HACRP/HVBP implementation was associated with both immediate and gradual improvements in HO-CDI rates, independent of CDI testing methods of differing sensitivity. Future research may evaluate the precise mechanisms underlying this improvement and if this impact is sustained in the long term.Funding: NoneDisclosures: None

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Toward a Comprehensive Model of Physical Dating Violence Perpetration and Victimization

Violence and Victims ◽

10.1891/0886-6708.vv-d-18-00130 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 34 (4) ◽

pp. 661-677

Author(s):

Brian Ermon Tussey ◽

Kimberly A. Tyler

Keyword(s):

Dating Violence ◽

Social Learning Theory ◽

Lower Risk ◽

Risky Behaviors ◽

Future Research ◽

Comprehensive Model ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

Situational Model ◽

Violence Perpetration ◽

Physical Dating Violence

Though physical dating violence is prevalent among college students, the literature remains disjointed due to the number of studies that are a theoretical. As such, we examine physical dating violence perpetration and victimization informed by three theories: the background-situational model of dating violence, social learning theory, and attachment theory. Results revealed that gender, child abuse, styles of attachment, and risky behaviors were associated with both perpetrating and being a victim of physical dating violence. Protective factors, including maternal relationship quality and religiosity, were associated with a lower risk of perpetrating dating violence. Analyses demonstrate that some elements of all three theoretical perspectives were associated with dating violence perpetration and victimization. Implications of the study findings on practice and future research are discussed.

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Weather Effects on Social Movements: Evidence from Washington, D.C., and New York City, 1960–95

Weather Climate and Society ◽

10.1175/wcas-d-15-0072.1 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 8 (3) ◽

pp. 299-311 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Tony Huiquan Zhang

Keyword(s):

New York ◽

New York City ◽

Social Movements ◽

Social Movement ◽

York City ◽

Regression Models ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Future Research ◽

The Impact

Abstract Scholars have been taking the impact of weather on social movements for granted for some time, despite a lack of supporting empirical evidence. This paper takes the topic more seriously, analyzing more than 7000 social movement events and 36 years of weather records in Washington, D.C., and New York City (1960–95). Here, “good weather” is defined as midrange temperature and little to no precipitation. This paper uses negative binomial regression models to predict the number of social movements per day and finds social movements are more likely to happen on good days than bad, with seasonal patterns controlled for. Results from logistic regression models indicate violence occurs more frequently at social movement events when it is warmer. Most interestingly, the effect of weather is more salient when there are more political opportunities and resources available. This paper discusses the implications and suggests future research on weather and social movement studies.

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Psychological distress among Bhutanese refugees living in the northeast region of the United States

Journal of Refugee Studies ◽

10.1093/jrs/feab025 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ramraj Gautam ◽

Jason Rydberg ◽

Ivy Ho ◽

Bhola Siwakoti ◽

William Chadbourne ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

United States ◽

Psychological Distress ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

The United States ◽

Future Research ◽

Related Factors ◽

Bhutanese Refugees ◽

The Impact

Abstract The purpose of this study was to examine predictors of psychological distress among adult Bhutanese refugees living in the United States. We recruited 376 adult Bhutanese refugees living in the northeast US region, the majority of whom were employed, married men in their 40 s who were US citizens. Using Bayesian Negative Binomial Regression modelling, we examined the impact of sociodemographic measures, health status and refugee integration measures on psychological distress outcomes. The most common predictors of depression, stress and anxiety were social connection deficits and self-reported health conditions. Other associated factors included: health access deficits, number of years living in the US, paid employment, citizenship and living in more than one US city. The findings of our study revealed that mental health outcomes in this subset of the population of Bhutanese refugees are impacted by a variety of social and health related factors. Public policy makers and practitioners need to recognize the complex issues affecting mental health of Bhutanese refugees. Advocacy for expanded culturally congruent policies and evidence based mental health services are recommended. Future research needs to examine culturally relevant concepts and measures related to mental health and integration in this population.

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“They’ll Always Find a Way to Get to You”: Technology Use in Adolescent Romantic Relationships and Its Role in Dating Violence and Abuse

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260515590787 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 32 (14) ◽

pp. 2083-2117 ◽

Cited By ~ 44

Author(s):

Karlie E. Stonard ◽

Erica Bowen ◽

Kate Walker ◽

Shelley A. Price

Keyword(s):

Romantic Relationships ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Technology Use ◽

Online Communication ◽

Future Research ◽

Adolescent Dating Violence ◽

Adolescent Romantic Relationships ◽

Adolescent Dating ◽

Perceived Impact ◽

The Impact

Electronic communication technology (ECT), such as mobile phones and online communication tools, is widely used by adolescents; however, the availability of such tools may have both positive and negative impacts within the context of romantic relationships. While an established literature has documented the nature, prevalence, and impact of traditional forms of adolescent dating violence and abuse (ADVA), limited empirical investigation has focused on the role of ECT in ADVA or what shall be termed technology-assisted adolescent dating violence and abuse (TAADVA) and how adolescents perceive the impact of TAADVA relative to ADVA. In this article, the authors explore the role ECT plays in adolescent romantic relationships and psychologically abusive and controlling ADVA behaviors and its perceived impact. An opportunity sample of 52 adolescents (22 males and 30 females) between the ages of 12 and 18 years participated in the study. One all-female and seven mixed-gendered semi-structured focus groups were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to identify three superordinate themes, including (a) perceived healthy versus unhealthy communication, (b) perceived monitoring and controlling communication, and (c) perceived impact of technology-assisted abuse compared with that in person. While ECTs had a positive impact on the development and maintenance of adolescent romantic relationships, such tools also provided a new avenue for unhealthy, harassment, monitoring, and controlling behaviors within these relationships. ECT was also perceived to provide unique impacts in terms of making TAADVA seem both less harmful and more harmful than ADVA experienced in person. Adolescents’ perceptions and experiences of ECT in romantic relationships and TAADVA may also vary be gender. Implications of the findings are discussed, and recommendations are made for future research.

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Physical Dating Violence Perpetration among Turkish College Students: The Role of Attachment, Relationship Satisfaction, and Psychological Aggression

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e574242014-214 ◽

2014 ◽

Author(s):

Ezgi Toplu-Demirtas ◽

Zeynep Hatipoglu-Sumer

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Relationship Satisfaction ◽

Dating Violence ◽

Psychological Aggression ◽

Attachment Relationship ◽

Violence Perpetration ◽

Physical Dating Violence

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Is area deprivation associated with greater impacts of COVID-19 in care homes across England? A preliminary analysis of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths

Journal of Epidemiology & Community Health ◽

10.1136/jech-2020-215039 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. jech-2020-215039 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anders Malthe Bach-Mortensen ◽

Michelle Degli Esposti

Keyword(s):

Negative Binomial ◽

Care Home ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Population Characteristics ◽

Care Homes ◽

Future Research ◽

Area Deprivation ◽

Binomial Regression ◽

Index Of Multiple Deprivation

IntroductionThe COVID-19 pandemic has disproportionately impacted care homes and vulnerable populations, exacerbating existing health inequalities. However, the role of area deprivation in shaping the impacts of COVID-19 in care homes is poorly understood. We examine whether area deprivation is linked to higher rates of COVID-19 outbreaks and deaths among care home residents across upper tier local authorities in England (n=149).MethodsWe constructed a novel dataset from publicly available data. Using negative binomial regression models, we analysed the associations between area deprivation (Income Deprivation Affecting Older People Index (IDAOPI) and Index of Multiple Deprivation (IMD) extent) as the exposure and COVID-19 outbreaks, COVID-19-related deaths and all-cause deaths among care home residents as three separate outcomes—adjusting for population characteristics (size, age composition, ethnicity).ResultsCOVID-19 outbreaks in care homes did not vary by area deprivation. However, COVID-19-related deaths were more common in the most deprived quartiles of IDAOPI (incidence rate ratio (IRR): 1.23, 95% CI 1.04 to 1.47) and IMD extent (IRR: 1.16, 95% CI 1.00 to 1.34), compared with the least deprived quartiles.DiscussionThese findings suggest that area deprivation is a key risk factor in COVID-19 deaths among care home residents. Future research should look to replicate these results when more complete data become available.

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The association between a conditional cash transfer programme and malaria incidence: a longitudinal ecological study in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11255-0 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Layana Costa Alves ◽

Mauro Niskier Sanchez ◽

Thomas Hone ◽

Luiz Felipe Pinto ◽

Joilda Silva Nery ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fixed Effects ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Malaria Incidence ◽

Panel Study ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Brazilian Amazon ◽

Conditional Cash Transfer ◽

Cash Transfer ◽

Percentage Point Increase ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Malaria causes 400 thousand deaths worldwide annually. In 2018, 25% (187,693) of the total malaria cases in the Americas were in Brazil, with nearly all (99%) Brazilian cases in the Amazon region. The Bolsa Família Programme (BFP) is a conditional cash transfer (CCT) programme launched in 2003 to reduce poverty and has led to improvements in health outcomes. CCT programmes may reduce the burden of malaria by alleviating poverty and by promoting access to healthcare, however this relationship is underexplored. This study investigated the association between BFP coverage and malaria incidence in Brazil. Methods A longitudinal panel study was conducted of 807 municipalities in the Brazilian Amazon between 2004 and 2015. Negative binomial regression models adjusted for demographic and socioeconomic covariates and time trends were employed with fixed effects specifications. Results A one percentage point increase in municipal BFP coverage was associated with a 0.3% decrease in the incidence of malaria (RR = 0.997; 95% CI = 0.994–0.998). The average municipal BFP coverage increased 24 percentage points over the period 2004–2015 corresponding to be a reduction of 7.2% in the malaria incidence. Conclusions Higher coverage of the BFP was associated with a reduction in the incidence of malaria. CCT programmes should be encouraged in endemic regions for malaria in order to mitigate the impact of disease and poverty itself in these settings.

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The impact of teaching on the duration of common urological operations

Canadian Urological Association Journal ◽

10.5489/cuaj.3737 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (5-6) ◽

pp. 172 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Blayne Welk ◽

Jennifer Winick-Ng ◽

Andrew McClure ◽

Chris Vinden ◽

Sumit Dave ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Negative Binomial ◽

Negative Binomial Regression ◽

Potential Effect ◽

Sensitivity Analyses ◽

Teaching Hospitals ◽

Operative Duration ◽

Open Radical Prostatectomy ◽

Academic Hospitals ◽

The Impact

Introduction: The ability of academic (teaching) hospitals to offer the same level of efficiency as non-teaching hospitals in a publicly funded healthcare system is unknown. Our objective was to compare the operative duration of general urology procedures between teaching and non-teaching hospitals. Methods: We used administrative data from the province of Ontario to conduct a retrospective cohort study of all adults who underwent a specified elective urology procedure (2002–2013). Primary outcome was duration of surgical procedure. Primary exposure was hospital type (academic or non-teaching). Negative binomial regression was used to adjust relative time estimates for age, comorbidity, obesity, anesthetic, and surgeon and hospital case volume.Results: 114 225 procedures were included (circumcision n=12 280; hydrocelectomy n=7221; open radical prostatectomy n=22 951; transurethral prostatectomy n=56 066; or mid-urethral sling n=15 707). These procedures were performed in an academic hospital in 14.8%, 13.3%, 28.6%, 17.1%, and 21.3% of cases, respectively. The mean operative duration across all procedures was higher in academic centres; the additional operative time ranged from 8.3 minutes (circumcision) to 29.2 minutes (radical prostatectomy). In adjusted analysis, patients treated in academic hospitals were still found to have procedures that were significantly longer (by 10‒21%). These results were similar in sensitivity analyses that accounted for the potential effect of more complex patients being referred to tertiary academic centres.Conclusions: Five common general urology operations take significantly longer to perform in academic hospitals. The reason for this may be due to the combined effect of teaching students and residents or due to inherent systematic inefficiencies within large academic hospitals.

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