Ethical Decision-Making Made Easier: The Use of Decision Trees in Case Management

1999 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 163-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heidi Storl ◽  
Brenda DuBois ◽  
Julie Seline
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Case Managers ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Central Apparatus ◽  
Effective Decision Making

Case managers have never before faced the multitude of difficult ethical dilemmas that now confront them daily. Legal, medical, social, and ethical considerations often fly in the face of previously reliable intuitions. The importance and urgency of facing these dilemmas head-on has resulted in clear calls for action. What are the appropriate legal, ethical, and professional parameters for effective decision making? Are normatively sensitive, but also practically sensible protocols possible? In an effort to address these concerns, Alternatives for the Older Adult, Inc., Rock Island, Illinois established an ethics committee to look into possible means of resolving or dissolving commonly occurring dilemmas. As a result of year-long deliberations, the committee formulated a decision-making strategy whose central apparatus is the decision tree—a flowchart of reasonable decisions and their consequent implications. In this article, we explore the development of this approach as well as the theory that underlies it.

Ethics and Evaluative Consultations with Children in Small to Mid-Sized Australian Non-Government Organisations

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leanne Kelly
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Empirical Research ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Program Improvement ◽  
Ethical Guidelines ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Children’S Voices

The value of listening to children's voices is well acknowledged. The vast body of literature surrounding this topic discusses children's voices in pedagogy, theory, methodology, and through empirical research. While some of this literature has focused on ethical considerations surrounding evaluative consultations with children in applied practice settings, there is a shortage of literature specifically relevant to small and medium-sized nongovernment organisations (NGOs). These organisations typically conduct consultations on a smaller scale and with fewer resources than their larger counterparts. This paper refers to Australian ethical guidelines using a practice example from a mid-sized NGO to examine ethics in child consultation from a practice-based program improvement perspective. The paper examines whether consultations with children always require formal ethics approval and discusses terminology and considerations surrounding ethical decision making processes.

scholarly journals A New Lens for Leadership Education: Developing Agency and Effective Decision-Making in the Face of Counter-Reality

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
Anthony Andenoro ◽  
Linnea Dulikarvich ◽  
Corina McBride ◽  
Nicole Stedman ◽  
Jessica Childers
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Leadership Education ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Decision ◽  
Effective Decision Making

Navigating the “Passaggio” Between Voice Therapy and a Singing Lesson: Ethical Considerations for the Speech-Language Pathologist

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 658-661
Author(s):  
Katherine McConville
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Voice Therapy ◽  
Speech Language Pathology ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Therapeutic Purpose ◽  
Speech Language Pathologist ◽  
Language Pathology

Purpose The purpose of this article is to discuss factors that guide ethical decision making in determining what constitutes medically necessary voice therapy that involves or targets singing, which is distinct from a singing lesson. Method Different treatment tasks and scenarios are identified, and their rationales are compared with deference to precedent literature and relevant portions of the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association Code of Ethics. These materials are referenced in an effort to define the boundaries between voice therapy involving singing technique and a singing lesson. Results Suggestions regarding goal writing and documentation to highlight apparent boundaries are made. Conclusions In the care of injured voices, both precedent and ethical principles support speech-language pathology treatment that targets singing. However, it is incumbent upon the treating speech-language pathologist to determine when they are venturing into tasks that no longer serve a therapeutic purpose and to refer the patient for voice lessons as appropriate.

scholarly journals Identifying and addressing nonrational processes in REB ethical decision-making

2021 ◽  
pp. 174701612199401
Author(s):  
Simon Nuttgens
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Review Process ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethics Committee ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Perceived Fairness ◽  
Deliberation Process ◽  
Research Standards ◽  
Biases And Heuristics

Ethical decision-making is inherent to the research ethics committee (REC) deliberation process. While ethical codes, regulations, and research standards are indispensable in guiding this process, decision-making is nonetheless susceptible to nonrational factors that can undermined the quality, consistency, and perceived fairness REC decisions. In this paper I identify biases and heuristics (i.e., nonrational factors) that are known to influence the reasoning processes among the general population and various professions alike. I suggest that such factors will inevitably arise within the REC review process. To help mitigate this potential, I propose an interventive questioning process that can be used by RECs to identify and minimize the influence of the nonrational factors most likely to impact REC judgment and decision-making.

scholarly journals Ethical decision-making: the doctrine of sin and grace

2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
S. P. Giles
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Free Choice ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Moral Dilemma ◽  
Ethical Framework ◽  
Freedom Of The Will ◽  
The Face ◽  
Effective Choice ◽  
The Will

Ethical decision-making presupposes the possession of a free will. Central to a discussion on reformed ethics is the question of the bounds of freedom of the will. The reformed tradition, along with the wider Christian tradition, affirms that the will is not free in the Pelagian sense of being absolutely free, but is constrained by the effects of humanity’s fall from original righteousness. This ariticle considers the nature and extent to which the will is considered free, or no longer free at all. The question posed here, within the reformed theoretic ethical framework, is whether the will is so vitiated that a person is in- capable of any effective choice of action or inaction in the face of any moral dilemma, or does fallen humanity still possess some ability to make a free choice, albeit under conditions of impaired freedom of the will?

Ethical Considerations of the Legitimacy Lie

2009 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 949-964 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew W. Rutherford ◽  
Paul F. Buller ◽  
J. Michael Stebbins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Behaviors ◽  
Ethical Frameworks ◽  
Key Stakeholders ◽  
Start Up

This article draws upon prior research and theory on the legitimacy threshold that suggests entrepreneurs in start–up ventures will likely employ proactive strategies to gain initial legitimacy with key stakeholders. We argue that these strategies may sometimes include questionable ethical behaviors, including telling legitimacy lies—intentional misrepresentations of the facts. Based on a review of literature on ethical decision making, we then apply two common ethical frameworks to explore the ethical boundaries of what may or may not be acceptable behavior in seeking legitimacy. We conclude the article with some specific guidelines for start–up entrepreneurs.

scholarly journals Research with bereaved families

2014 ◽  
Vol 21 (8) ◽  
pp. 946-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magi Sque ◽  
Wendy Walker ◽  
Tracy Long-Sutehall
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Participant Recruitment ◽  
Related Research ◽  
Follow Up Care ◽  
Bereavement Research

Theoretical debates about the nature of grief and bereavement draw attention to the sensitivity of carrying out research with bereaved people, the possible threats that this may pose and the ethical considerations required to ameliorate potentially damaging outcomes. The authors of this article present a framework for ethical decision-making that has been successfully developed in the context of research with bereaved families. The discussion focuses on application and evaluation of the framework during research with family members who were approached about the donation of a deceased relative’s organs and/or tissues for transplantation. Practical strategies of relevance to the processes of participant recruitment, the interview encounter and follow-up care in the post-interview period are identified and discussed. Concerns about the possible impact of bereavement research are balanced with the views of family members who gave credence to the therapeutic and cathartic benefits of participating in sensitive, death-related research.

Psychological Testing and Assessment

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis Whitfill ◽  
Heidi Rossetti ◽  
Michael C. Gottlieb
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Psychiatric Care ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Psychological Testing ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Clinical Interview ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Psychological Assessments

Psychological evaluations are commonly conducted within psychiatric settings with the goal of informing treatment decisions that are intended to benefit the patient. In addition to a clinical interview and review of records, the evaluation includes the selection, administration, scoring, and interpretation of psychological testing. Guided by the question(s) from the referring party, this multifaceted process occurs within a setting of existing care that requires clarification of the roles/duties of the professionals and organizations relative to each other and the patient. Additionally, psychological testing involves unique ethical considerations (e.g., psychometrics) not typically encountered during psychotherapy or psychiatric care. A variety of standards, provided in the form of rules that require or prohibit specific behaviors, has been created by governing organizations in order to inform the ethical decision-making process while conducting psychological assessments. These standards are understood within the broader framework of aspirational principles of ethics (e.g., nonmaleficence) universal to biomedical practice.

Ethical considerations of Bedouin Arab school leaders: Negotiating Eurocentric and indigenous decision-making values

2020 ◽  
pp. 174114322091355
Author(s):  
Ori Eyal ◽  
Rima’a Da’as ◽  
Izhak Berkovich
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Educational Administration ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Ethical Judgments ◽  
Bachelor Of Education ◽  
Ethical Perspectives

Ethical considerations have been examined in American and European school management research, but indigenous and comparative aspects have largely been understudied. To better understand the ethical decision-making of indigenous school leaders, the present research aims to examine the ethical considerations of one such minority group – Bedouin Arab educators in Israel – and to compare their ethical decision-making with that of their counterparts in Israel’s Jewish majority. The research utilized the pre-designed multiple Ethical Perspectives Instrument, which requires participants to resolve school dilemmas by choosing one of two given ethical perspectives taken from the following six: fairness, utilitarianism, care, critique, profession and community. Two exploratory studies were carried out: Study 1 examined the ethical judgments of Bedouin bachelor of education (BEd) students ( n = 28), and their perceptions of the ethical judgments of hypothesized Bedouin school leaders. Study 2 compared the ethical judgments of Bedouin ( n = 30) and Jewish ( n = 39) masters (MA) educational administration students. Bedouin undergraduates reported care and critique as their own dominant ethical preferences, but viewed utilitarian considerations as being dominant among hypothesized Bedouin school leaders. Among the graduate students, utilitarian considerations were more dominant among the Bedouin group than the Jewish group. The implications of the findings are discussed.

Ethical dilemmas during cardiac arrest incidents in the patient’s home

2017 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 625-637 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattias Karlsson ◽  
Niclas Karlsson ◽  
Yvonne Hilli
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Ethical Decision ◽  
Ethical Decision Making ◽  
Ethical Dilemmas ◽  
Ethical Reasoning ◽  
Ethical Considerations ◽  
Good Communication ◽  
Whole Process ◽  
The Voice

Background: The majority (70%) of cardiac arrests in Sweden are experienced in the patient’s home. In these situations, the ambulance nurses may encounter several ethical dilemmas. Aim: The aim was to investigate Swedish specialist ambulance nurses’ experiences of ethical dilemmas associated with cardiac arrest situations in adult patients’ homes. Methods: Nine interviews were conducted with specialist ambulance nurses at four different ambulance stations in the southeast region of Sweden. Data were analysed using content analysis. Ethical considerations: Ethical principles mandated by the Swedish Research Council were carefully followed during the whole process. Findings: Two main themes with six sub-themes were identified: The scene – creating a sheltered space for caring and Ethical decision-making. The results showed that ethical dilemmas might occur when trying to create a sheltered space to preserve the patients’ integrity and dignity. A dilemma could be whether or not to invite significant others to be present during the medical treatment. Ethical decision-making was dependent on good communication and ethical reasoning among all parties. In certain situations, decisions were made not to commence or to terminate care despite guidelines. The decision was guided by combining the medical/nursing perspectives and ethical competence with respect to the human being’s dignity and a will to do good for the patient. The nurses followed the voice of their heart and had the courage to be truly human. Conclusion: The ambulance nurses were guided by their ethos, including the basic motive to care for the patient, to alleviate suffering, to confirm the patient’s dignity and to serve life and health.

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