Gender and Ethnic Differences in a Case-Control Study of Dyslipidemia: Using the Apolipoprotein A-V Gene as an Exemplar in Cardiovascular Genetics

2003 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-299 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Fen Wung ◽  
Bradley E. Aouizerat
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Gene Promoter ◽  
Promoter Polymorphism ◽  
Asian Women ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
V Gene

Common, complex genetic disorders such as coronary heart disease (CHD) frequently show large population differences, contributing to health disparities. It is also well known that CHD risk factor profiles and the frequency of coronary events differ by gender. Study of premature CHD has revealed that apolipoproteins are important discriminating factors for distinguishing individuals with CHD. Recent findings indicated that apolipoprotein A-V (APOA-V) gene promoter polymorphisms are an important determinant of plasma triglycerides (TG) and lipoprotein cholesterol, and a risk factor for CHD. Variations in APOA-V may have varying impacts in different ethnic groups. The purpose of this interdisciplinary genetic research project was to determine (1) the association of the APOA-V polymorphisms with lipoprotein profiles, and (2) the gender and ethnic differences in the T-1131C promoter polymorphism of the APOA-V gene in individuals with dyslipidemia versus controls. Results indicate that the minor -1131C allele (CC homozygotes + CT heterozygotes) was associated with elevated plasma TG (p= 0.007), very low density lipoprotein (VLDL)–TG (p= 0.019), LDL-TG (p= 0.004), high-density-lipoprotein (HDL)-TG (p< 0.001), and VLDL-cholesterol (p= 0.008). We found a striking elevation in the frequency of the minor C allele in Asians (p< 0.001) compared to Europeans. We also found a significant difference in genotype frequency between men and women in Asians (p= 0.031) and Europeans (p< 0.01). Remarkably, Asian women with the C allele have a 36% increase in TG compared to Asian women homozygous for the T allele. In summary, we found significant ethnic-specific and gender-based differences in the frequency of the minor allele of the -1131 APOA-V gene promoter polymorphism. Identification of genetic variations among ethnic groups and between genders may have significant potential for a better understanding of the development of cardiovascular disease.

Role of Apolipoprotein A-I in Protecting against Endotoxin Toxicity

2004 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Ma ◽  
Xue-Ling Liao ◽  
Bin Lou ◽  
Man-Ping Wu
Keyword(s):  
Survival Time ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Mtt Method ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Plasma Fraction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
In Vivo Effects

Abstract High density lipoprotein (HDL) binds lipopolysaccharide (LPS or endotoxin) and neutralizes its toxicity. We investigated the function of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I), a major apolipoprotein in HDL, in this process. Mouse macrophages were incubated with LPS, LPS+ApoA-I, LPS+ApoA-I+LFF (lipoprotein-free plasma fraction d>1.210 g/ml), LPS+HDL, LPS+HDL+LFF, respectively. MTT method was used to detect the mortality of L-929 cells which were attacked by the release-out cytokines in LPS-activated macrophages. It was found that ApoA-I significantly decreased L-929 cells mortality caused by LPS treatment (LPS vs. LPS+ApoA-I, P<0.05) and this effect became even more significant when LFF was utilized (LPS vs. LPS+ApoA-I+LFF, P<0.01; LPS vs. LPS+HDL+LFF, P<0.01). There was no significant difference between LPS+ApoA-I+LFF and LPS+HDL+LFF treatment, indicating that ApoA-I was the main factor. We also investigated in vivo effects of ApoA-I on mouse mortality rate and survival time after LPS administration. We found that the mortality in LPS+ApoA-I group (20%) and in LPS+ApoA-I+LFF group (10%) was significantly lower than that in LPS group (80%) (P<0.05, P<0.01, respectively); the survival time was (43.20 ± 10.13) h in LPS+ApoA-I group and (46.80 ± 3.79) h in LPS+ApoA-I+LFF group, which were significantly longer than that in LPS group (16.25 ± 17.28) h (P<0.01). We also carried out in vitro binding study to investigate the binding capacity of ApoA-I and ApoA-I+LFF to fluorescence labeled LPS (FITC-LPS). It was shown that both ApoA-I and ApoA-I+LFF could bind with FITC-LPS, however, the binding capacity of ApoA-I+LFF to FITC-LPS (64.47 ± 8.06) was significantly higher than that of ApoA-I alone (24.35 ± 3.70) (P<0.01). The results suggest that: (1) ApoA-I has the ability to bind with and protect against LPS; (2) LFF enhances the effect of ApoA-I; (3) ApoA-I is the major contributor for HDL anti-endotoxin function.

scholarly journals Analysis of ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in the variables of Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (SPE3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hossein Monazzami ◽  
Behnam Naghi-Pour Givi
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Face Validity ◽  
Religious Groups ◽  
Sports Fans ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
Test Of Hypotheses ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Descriptive Survey

Iran is a country with different ethnicities and religions and some negative experiences of conflicts throughout history. It is believed that; Sports success is a factor in the greater convergence of a country's citizens. This article analyzes the ethnic differences of Iranian sports fans in Islamic cohesion, national identity, and perception of sports success. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population was all Iranians interested in national sports, 968 of whom participated in the study voluntarily. The research instruments were the researcher-made questionnaire of Perception of Sports Success, the National Identity Questionnaire of Hear and James (2007), and the Islamic Cohesion Questionnaire of Baghbanian and Morowat (2011). The content and face validity of the questionnaires were confirmed by the professors and their reliability was calculated with Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.78, 0.88, and 0.83, respectively. The test of hypotheses showed that; the variables of Islamic cohesion and national identity have a statistically significant difference between Shiite and Sunni respondents (P <0.05). The variables of Islamic cohesion and national identity also had a statistically significant difference between the respondents of ethnic groups (P <0.05) while there was no statistically significant difference in the perception of sporting success between the respondents of different ethnic groups and religious groups (P <0.05). The findings of the study emphasized the positive functions of sports success in the convergence of more religious and ethnic groups in the country.

Lipids, lipoproteins, and atherogenesis

2011 ◽  
pp. 11-24
Author(s):  
Joanna Gouni-Berthold ◽  
Wilhelm Krone
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factor ◽  
High Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Independent Risk Factor ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Low Hdl ◽  
Lipids And Lipoproteins

• Lipids and lipoproteins have a central role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. • The concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is strongly and directly related to risk of atherosclerosis whereas high-density lipoprotein (HDL) is inversly related, low HDL being an independent risk factor. • The role of plasma triglycerides is less well defined. • The ratio of apolipoprotein B (the major apolipoprotein of LDL) to apolipoprotein A-1 (the major apolipoprotein of HDL) is emerging as the best predictor of atherosclerotic risk.

Comparative Study of Fingerprint Patterns of Two Ethnic Groups: A Nigerian Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 270-275
Author(s):  
Efe Jennifer Jaiyeoba-Ojigho ◽  
Igho Emmanuel Odokuma ◽  
Patrick Sunday Igbigbi
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Ethnic Groups ◽  
Ethnic Differences ◽  
Middle Finger ◽  
Ridge Count ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Ulnar Loop ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Southern Nigeria ◽  
The Right

Background: The uniqueness of fingerprints have made it possible for anthropologist to carry out studies on ethnic differences, heritability and linguistic relationships among individuals. The study aimed at               investigating and comparing fingerprint patterns of the Itsekiri and Urhobo ethnic groups in Warri, South Southern Nigeria. Methods:  A total of 30 males and 30 females each from the Itsekiri and Urhobo tribe were investigated. Fingerprints of participants were obtained with a Hewlett placard G4010 fingerprint scanner. Chi-square and Mann Whitney U test were used to test for an association between non parametric variables, significance was accepted at P<0.05. Results: Finding showed that the ulnar loop was the most predominant pattern in the studied population. Fingerprint patterns and total finger ridge count showed dimorphism among the Itsekiris’ as compared to the atd angle of the left fingers seen in the Urhobos’ (p = 0.021; 0.010; 0.038). Significant differences were observed in fingerprint patterns of the right and left thumb alongside the right middle finger among the respective tribes (P=0.047; 0.007; 0.024). Findings also showed a significant difference in TFRC and atd angle between the Itsekiris’ and Urhobos’ (P= 0.010; 0.002; 0.027) . Conclusions: The ulnar loop was dominant among the Itsekiri females and Urhobo males while the whorl and arch patterns were  frequent in the Itsekiri males and the Urhobo females.  Keywords: Delta State; fingerprint; Itsekiri; Urhobo; Warri.  

N-homocysteinylation of apolipoprotein A-I impairs the protein’s antioxidant ability but not its cholesterol efflux capacity

2014 ◽  
Vol 395 (6) ◽  
pp. 641-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akari Miyazaki ◽  
Nozomi Sagae ◽  
Yoko Usami ◽  
Megumi Sato ◽  
Takahiro Kameda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Efflux ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipid Binding ◽  
Binding Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Cholesterol Efflux Capacity ◽  
Apolipoprotein A ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract A high homocysteine (Hcy) level is a risk factor for atherosclerosis. Hcy can be added to proteins through a process known as N-homocysteinylation. This is thought to be a potential cause of atherosclerosis induction. We previously reported that N-homocysteinylated apolipoprotein A-I (N-Hcy-apoA-I) was identified in normal human plasma. In this study, the effect of N-homocysteinylation on the functions of apoA-I was examined. A kinetic study using dimyristoyl phosphatidylcholine (DMPC) liposomes indicated that N-Hcy-apoA-I showed increased lipid-binding activity compared to wild-type apoA-I. Two reconstituted high-density lipoprotein (rHDL) particles of different sizes (approximately 8.2 nm and 7.6 nm in diameter) were produced by mixing apoA-I and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl phosphatidylcholine (POPC). However, an increased ratio of large to small particles was found in rHDL prepared with N-Hcy-apoA-I. The normal apoA-I antioxidant ability, estimated by the suppression of conjugated diene formation in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) induced by copper sulfate oxidation, was considerably impaired when using N-Hcy-apoA-I. Although N-Hcy-apoA-I functioned as an oxidant, no significant difference was observed in the cholesterol efflux capacity from THP-1 macrophages between wild-type apoA-I and N-Hcy-apoA-I. These results suggest that N-Hcy-apoA-I might be proatherogenic due to its oxidative behavior but not an attenuation of cholesterol efflux capacity.

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