Acute toxicity of sodium nitrate, potassium nitrate and potassium chloride and their effects on haemolymph composition and gill structure of early juvenile blue swimmer crabs, Portunus pelagicus (Linnaeus, 1758) (Decapoda, Brachyrua, Portunidae)

2007 ◽  
Vol preprint (2007) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Nicholas Romano ◽  
Chaoshu Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Portunus Pelagicus ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Gill Structure

Thermoelectric Studies of Silver Nitrate in Sodium Nitrate – Potassium Nitrate Eutectic Melt

1971 ◽  
Vol 49 (12) ◽  
pp. 2044-2047
Author(s):  
L. G. Boxall ◽  
K. E. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Seebeck Coefficient ◽  
Silver Nitrate ◽  
Mole Fraction ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Silver Nitrate Concentration ◽  
Eutectic Melt

The Seebeck coefficient, εT, of the thermocell Ag(T)/AgNO3 in NaNO3 − KNO3/Ag (T + ΔT) was measured as a function of silver nitrate concentration and temperature. Extrapolation of the results to unit mole fraction, N, of AgNO3 gave the value εT0 = − 277.5 − 0.136T °C (µV deg−1).For several mixed melts of AgNO3 and an alkali nitrate the function [Formula: see text] was calculated and shown to be linear in N. P was extrapolated to finite values for the pure alkali nitrates.

scholarly journals Extractive crystallization of salts in the ternary systems sodium (potassium, cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 159-168
Author(s):  
Veronika V. Danilina ◽  
◽  
Dmitry I. Chernov ◽  
Dmitry G. Cherkasov ◽  
Konstantin K. Il’in ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Nitrate Solution ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Ternary Systems ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Cesium Nitrate ◽  
Sodium Potassium ◽  
Metal Nitrates ◽  
Amine Content ◽  
Water Salt

A comparative analysis of the results of our polythermal study of the ternary systems sodium (potassium, cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine has been carried out to estimate the efficiency of the use of triethylamine in the extractive crystallization of alkali metal nitrates from water–salt solutions containing 43.0, 44.0, 45.0, 46.0, and 47.0 wt. % sodium nitrate in the range of 10.0–25.0°C, 20.0, 21.0, and 22.0 wt.% potassium nitrate and 18.0, 19.0, 20.0 and 21.0 wt. % cesium nitrate in the range of 20.0–25.0°C. The dependences of the yield of these salts on the amount of triethylamine added and temperature have been found. It has been established that the maximum yield of sodium nitrate (79.4%) is observed for the aqueous solution with 47 wt.% salt upon the introduction of 90 wt.% triethylamine at 25.0° C. The maximum yield in the systems potassium (cesium) nitrate – water – triethylamine was 68.9% (22 wt. % potassium nitrate solution) and 66.2% (21 wt. % cesium nitrate solution) at 20.0° C and 90 wt. % amine content.

scholarly journals The effect of salts on catecholamine fluxes and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla

1971 ◽  
Vol 123 (2) ◽  
pp. 219-225 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Taugner
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Adrenal Medulla ◽  
Sodium Nitrate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase ◽  
Sodium Succinate ◽  
Adenosine Triphosphatase Activity ◽  
Storage Vesicles ◽  
Sucrose Medium ◽  
Catecholamine Fluxes ◽  
Net Release

1. Influx and efflux of catecholamine and adenosine triphosphatase activity in storage vesicles from the adrenal medulla were studied with dl-[14C]adrenaline in different media. 2. The lowest values for flux and adenosine triphosphatase activity were observed in sucrose media in which an ATP-dependent influx of catecholamine compensated for an efflux of the same magnitude. Efflux in the presence or absence of ATP was similar. 3. In media containing sodium succinate or glutarate adenosine triphosphatase activity was higher and the ATP-dependent influx of catecholamine was about twice that observed in iso-osmotic sucrose medium. In the presence of ATP influx and efflux of catecholamine were balanced; in its absence there was a net release of catecholamine, since efflux was more than twice the influx. Efflux in the presence or absence of ATP was similar. 4. In media containing sodium or potassium chloride and in the presence of ATP influx and adenosine triphosphatase activity were further enhanced, but in the absence of ATP there was no further increase in influx, since catecholamine was released with or without ATP at the same rate. Efflux was therefore twice as high in the presence of ATP as in its absence. 5. Sodium nitrate suppressed the ATP-dependent influx nearly completely, but caused a greatly enhanced efflux, which was twice as high in the presence of ATP as in its absence. 6. The extinction of vesicular suspensions remained unchanged in the presence of ATP under conditions where the catecholamine efflux was balanced by the influx. Under conditions where the efflux was not compensated by influx, the extinction of the suspensions decreased in the presence of ATP more than in its absence.

Acute toxicity and sublethal effects of nitrite on oxidative stress in early juvenile Brazilian flounder, Paralichthys orbignyanus

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Henrique de Sousa Miranda ◽  
Lucas Campos Maltez ◽  
Marina Espírito Santo Campello ◽  
Joel Fitzgerald Linares Córdova ◽  
Ricardo Vieira Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Acute Toxicity ◽  
Sublethal Effects ◽  
Early Juvenile ◽  
Paralichthys Orbignyanus

Polarography of some coordination compounds of platinum. I. Hexammineplatinum (IV) and Tris(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV) ions

1955 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 158 ◽  
Author(s):  
JR Hall ◽  
RA Plowman
Keyword(s):  
Potassium Chloride ◽  
Supporting Electrolyte ◽  
Platinum Metal ◽  
Potassium Nitrate ◽  
Diffusion Current ◽  
Polarographic Reduction ◽  
Wave Potential ◽  
Half Wave Potential ◽  
Half Wave ◽  
Continuous Discharge

The polarographic reduction of tris(ethylenediamine)platinum(IV) and the hexammineplatinum(IV) ions has been studied in potassium chloride, potassium nitrate, and potassium nitrate plus ammonia solutions. Both ions were reduced irreversibly producing similarly shaped waves, showing well-defined diffusion current regions corresponding to two-electron reductions of the complexes. A linear relationship existed between diffusion current and concentration within the range examined. In aqueous potassium chloride and potassium nitrate media, the waves contained slight inflexions at positions corresponding to one-electron additions. The phenomenon suggested the transient presence of platinum(III) ions, and indicated that the half-wave potential of the reduction of the complexes to the trivalent state was very close to the half-wave potential of the reduction from platinum(IV) to platinum(II). The values were so close together as to indicate the improbability of isolating the trivalent complexes. Gelatin enhanced the inflexion in the wave but shifted the wave in a more negative direction. An increased concentration of supporting electrolyte also shifted the wave to a more negative position. In all cases a continuous discharge began at about -1.3 V (v. S.C.E.). This discharge was so far removed from that of the potassium ions of the supporting electrolyte that it was attributed to the discharge of hydrogen. Since the initial reduction of the platinum complexes corresponded to a two-electron change, it can be represented by reduction to a tetrammine ion. It is postulated that at higher applied potentials (namely, -1.3 V v. S.C.E.) the reduction proceeded further, producing platinum metal. This platinum metal would be in an active state, insoluble in mercury, and being on the surface, would lower the overvoltage of hydrogen leading to its discharge at a more positive potential than on a pure mercury surface. This view was supported by the fact that gas bubbles were observed at the dropping electrode when a voltage greater than -1.3 V was applied to the electrode for some time. When ammonia was added to the supporting electrolyte, a wave, without an inflexion, and corresponding to an irreversible two-electron reduction, was obtained at more negative potentials. The bivalent tetrammineplatinum(II) and bis(ethylenediamine)platinum(II) ions also gave polarograms showing the continuous discharge of hydrogen.

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