Kappa-carrageenan as immunostimulant to control infectious myonecrosis (IMN) disease in white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

ABSTRACT This study evaluated the modulation of non-specific immune response, growth, and disease resistance of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei against infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). The first stage of this study evaluated the different dose of k-carrageenan administration i.e. 5, 10, and 15 g/kg feed for four weeks of rearing period, while the later studied evaluated about the frequency of administration i.e. daily, seven days interval, and 14-days interval for five weeks of rearing period. Both stages had positive and negative control and performed in complete randomized design. The parameters of observation consisted of immune parameters, clinical symptoms, growth, and survival. Shrimp were fed three times a day at feeding rate of 4–5% of body weight/day. IMNV Challenge test was performed by feeding the shrimp via oral route at a level 10% of body weight for three consecutive days, followed by 14-days observation. The results showed that shrimp administered with k-carrageenan at a concentration of 15 g/kg feed showed the best performance of all concentration tested. The shrimp’s haemocyte count, phagocytes activity, phenoloxidase activity, and relative growth were 12±0.72×106 cell/mL; 34.67±0.58%; 0.511±0.10; and 86.15% respectively. After challenged, the survival was 85±7.07%. Moreover, application in 14 days at 7-days interval gave 88.57% relative growth and 93±5,8% survival, which were higher than other treatments. The administration of k-carrageenan at concentration of 15 g/kg with 14 days interval on white shrimp juveniles showed higher immunostimulatory effect and better protection against IMNV. Keywords: kappa-carrageenan, immunostimulant, IMNV, Litopenaeus vannamei ABSTRAK Penelitian ini mempelajari pemberian kappa-karagenan dalam memodulasi respons imun nonspesifik, pertumbuhan, dan resistensi udang vaname Litopenaeus vannamei terhadap infeksi infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Tahap pertama mengetahui dosis pemberian k-karagenan sebesar 5, 10, dan 15 g/kg pakan selama empat minggu pemeliharaan, sedangkan tahap kedua mengevaluasi frekuensi pemberian k-karagenan, yaitu setiap hari, tujuh hari, dan 14 hari secara berulang dengan interval tujuh hari selama lima minggu pemeliharaan. Kedua tahap penelitian menggunakan kontrol positif dan negatif dalam rancangan acak lengkap. Parameter pengamatan terdiri atas respons imun, gejala klinis, pertumbuhan dan kelangsungan hidup udang vaname. Udang diberi makan tiga kali sehari dengan FR 4–5% biomassa/hari. Infeksi IMNV dilakukan secara oral sebesar 10% biomassa selama tiga hari berturut-turut, dan diamati selama 14 hari. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa udang yang diberikan k-karagenan 15 g/kg pakan memperoleh hasil terbaik. Total hemosit, aktivitas fagositosis, aktivitas phenoloxidase, dan pertumbuhan relatif udang masing-masing adalah 12±0,72×106 sel/mL; 34,67±0,58%; 0,511±0,10 dan 86,15%, dengan kelangsungan hidup udang setelah diinfeksi IMNV sebesar 85±7,07%. Frekuensi pemberian 14 hari secara berulang dengan interval tujuh hari memberikan hasil kelangsungan hidup terbaik sebesar 88,57% dan pertumbuhan relatif sebesar 93±5,8%. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini bahwa, pemberian k-karagenan 15 g/kg dan interval 14 hari menunjukkan respons imun dan perlindungan yang lebih baik terhadap IMNV. Kata kunci: kappa-karagenan, imunostimulan, IMNV, Litopenaeus vannamei

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APLIKASI SINBIOTIK UNTUK PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI INFECTIOUS MYONECROSIS VIRUS PADA UDANG VANAME (Litopenaeus vannamei) (Synbiotic Application for Prevention of Infectious Myonecrosis Virus Infection in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei))

Jurnal Kedokteran Hewan - Indonesian Journal of Veterinary Sciences ◽

10.21157/j.ked.hewan.v10i2.5041 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 121-127

Author(s):

Widanarni Widanarni ◽

Sukenda Sukenda ◽

Ghita Ryan Septiani

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Immune Responses ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Ipomoea Batatas ◽

Challenge Test ◽

Positive Control ◽

Negative Control ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽

Synbiotic Supplementation

This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of dietary synbiotic at different giving frequencies on growth, immune responses, and resistance of white shrimp infected by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Synbiotic used in this study was combination of probiotic Vibrio alginolyticus SKT-b and prebiotic oligosaccharides extracted from sweet potatoe (Ipomoea batatas L). Doses of probiotic and prebiotic used were 1% and 2% (w/w), respectively. The white shrimps (0.493±0.035 g) were divided into five treatments consisting of A and B (without supplementation of synbiotic: (A) positive control; (B) negative control), C (daily synbiotic supplementation), D (twice a week synbiotic supplementation), and E (weekly synbiotic supplementation). After 30 days of feeding trial, white shrimps were infected by IMNV (except negative control). The results showed that daily growth rate of white shrimp on all synbiotic treatments (C, D, and E) ranged from 6.93±0.025-6.97±0.019% and had higher values than controls (A and B) (P<0.05). Meanwhile, feed conversion value in C and D (1.54±0.142 and 1.58±0.117) were lower than controls (P<0.05). Supplementation of synbiotic with different frequencies also affected survival rate of white shrimp after the challenge test with IMNV; daily synbiotic supplementation (C) resulted in a 50% higher survival rate than positive control (P<0.05). This was associated with immune responses parameters values of synbiotic treatment (before and after the challenge test) which were better than positive control. In conclusion the addition of synbiotic in feed resulted in higher growth performances, immune responses,and resistance of white shrimp to IMNV infection.

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Administration of Phyllanthus niruri to control IMNV (myonecrosis infectious virus) infection white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

Jurnal Akuakultur Indonesia ◽

10.19027/jai.10.192-202 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 10 (2) ◽

pp. 192

Author(s):

Sukenda . ◽

Sri Nuryati ◽

Isni Rahmatika Sari

Keyword(s):

Survival Rate ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Negative Control ◽

Shrimp Farming ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Striated Muscles ◽

Phyllanthus Niruri ◽

Infectious Myonecrosis Virus ◽

Shrimp Tissue

ABSTRACT Infectious myonecrosis (IMN) disease is a major disease in Indonesia shrimp farming. The disease is caused by infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Currently, treatment and drug has not been obtained to control the virus. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Phyllanthus niruri extract in white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) against IMNV infection. Healthy shrimp was given P. niruri extract 20 mg/kg of feed for seven days and after that the shrimp was challenged by orally with IMNV infected shrimp tissue. The positive control was given feed without P. niruri extract and challenged with IMNV infected shrimp tissue, while negative control was not challenged with IMNV infected shrimp tissue. IMNV infection gave a significantly different effect on survival rate. In the shrimp P. niruri previously (86.7%) gave higher survival rate compared to shrimp without P. niruri (66.67%). Survival rate of negative control was 93.33%. IMNV clinical signs in general was white necrotic areas in striated muscles. Histological examination showed that cell necrosis appeared on the mussel tissues. In conclusion the addition of P. niruri to the commercial feed can give the survival rate of shrimp better when challenged with IMNV. Keywords: IMNV, Phyllanthus niruri, Litopenaeus vannamei ABSTRAK Penyakit infectious myonecrosis (IMN) merupakan penyakit utama pada budidaya udang di Indonesia. Penyakit ini disebabkan oleh infectious myonecrosis virus (IMNV). Saat ini, belum diperoleh cara dan obat untuk mengendalikan virus IMNV. Penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh immunostimulan tepung meniran (Phyllanthus niruri) yang diberikan melalui pakan pada udang vaname (Litopenaeus vannamei) yang diinfeksi IMNV. Udang vaname yang sehat diberi pakan yang mengandung meniran dengan dosis 20 mg/kg pakan selama tujuh hari dan kemudian diuji tantang secara oral dengan memberikan jaringan udang yang telah terinfeksi IMNV. Udang kontrol positif dilakukan dengan memberi pakan komersial tanpa penambahan meniran yang kemudian diuji tantang dengan memberi makan jaringan udang yang terinfeksi IMNV, sedangkan udang kontrol negatif tidak diuji tantang dengan jaringan yang terinfeksi IMNV. Hasil menunjukkan bahwa kelompok udang yang diberi pakan mengandung meniran mempunyai kelangsungan hidup (86,67%) lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan udang yang tidak diberi pakan mengandung meniran (66,67%) ketika diuji tantang dengan IMNV. Kontrol negatif yang tidak diberi pakan mengandung meniran dan tidak diuji tantang dengan IMNV memberikan kelangsungan hidup 93,33%. Gejala klinis yang ditunjukkan adanya infeksi IMNV terlihat dengan adanya otot putih pada ruas tubuh udang. Pengamatan histopatologi menunjukkan adanya nekrosis pada sel-sel di jaringan otot udang. Sebagai kesimpulan dapat dinyatakan bahwa penambahan meniran pada pakan komersial dapat meningkatkan kelangsungan hidup udang ketika terjadi infeksi IMNV. Kata kunci: IMNV, Phyllanthus niruri, Litopenaeus vannamei

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Genetic parameters for body weight and survival in the Pacific White Shrimp Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei affected by a White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV) natural outbreak

Aquaculture ◽

10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.08.028 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 447 ◽

pp. 102-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Alejandra Caballero-Zamora ◽

Hugo H. Montaldo ◽

Gabriel Ricardo Campos-Montes ◽

Eugenia Guadalupe Cienfuegos-Rivas ◽

Alfonso Martínez-Ortega ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

White Spot Syndrome Virus ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

White Spot ◽

White Shrimp ◽

The Pacific ◽

White Spot Syndrome ◽

Natural Outbreak

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Effect of the data family structure, tank replication and the statistical model, on the estimation of genetic parameters for body weight at 28 days of age in the Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus (Litopenaeus) vannamei Boone, 1931)

Aquaculture Research ◽

10.1111/j.1365-2109.2012.03176.x ◽

2012 ◽

pp. n/a-n/a ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Hugo H Montaldo ◽

Héctor Castillo-Juárez ◽

Gabriel Campos-Montes ◽

Miguel Pérez-Enciso

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Statistical Model ◽

Family Structure ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Genetic Parameters ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

White Shrimp ◽

The Pacific ◽

Estimation Of Genetic Parameters

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Genetic parameters for uniformity of harvest weight in Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei)

Genetics Selection Evolution ◽

10.1186/s12711-021-00621-6 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 53 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Silvia García-Ballesteros ◽

Beatriz Villanueva ◽

Jesús Fernández ◽

Juan Pablo Gutiérrez ◽

Isabel Cervantes

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Genetic Correlation ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Genetic Variance ◽

Pacific White Shrimp ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Necessary Condition ◽

Residual Variance ◽

Commercial Population ◽

Selection For

Abstract Background Uniformity of body weight is a trait of great economic importance in the production of white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei). A necessary condition to improve this trait through selective breeding is the existence of genetic variability for the environmental variance of body weight. Although several studies have reported such variability in other aquaculture species, to our knowledge, no estimates are available for shrimp. Our aim in this study was to estimate the genetic variance for weight uniformity in a farmed population of shrimp to determine the potential of including this trait in the selection program. We also estimated the genetic correlation of weight uniformity between two environments (selection nucleus and commercial population). Methods The database contained phenotypic records for body weight on 51,346 individuals from the selection nucleus and 38,297 individuals from the commercial population. A double hierarchical generalized linear model was used to analyse weight uniformity in the two environments. Fixed effects included sex and year for the nucleus data and sex and year-pond combination for the commercial data. Environmental and additive genetic effects were included as random effects. Results The estimated genetic variance for weight uniformity was greater than 0 (0.06 ± 0.01) in both the nucleus and commercial populations and the genetic coefficient of variation for the residual variance was 0.25 ± 0.01. The genetic correlation between weight and weight uniformity was close to zero in both environments. The estimate of the genetic correlation of weight uniformity between the two environments (selection nucleus and commercial population) was 0.64 ± 0.06. Conclusions The existence of genetic variance for weight uniformity suggests that genetic improvement of this trait is possible. Selection for weight uniformity should not decrease weight, given the near zero genetic correlation between these two traits. The strong genetic correlation of weight uniformity between the two environments indicates that response to selection for uniformity in the nucleus will be at least partially transmitted to the commercial population if this trait is included in the breeding goal.

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RANGSANGAN PERKEMBANGAN OVARI UDANG PUTIH, Litopenaeus vannamei DENGAN PENYUNTIKAN ESTRADIOL-17β

Jurnal Riset Akuakultur ◽

10.15578/jra.2.3.2007.349-358 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 349

Author(s):

Tarsim Tarsim ◽

Muhammad Zairin Junior ◽

Etty Riani

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Litopenaeus Vannamei ◽

Ovarian Development ◽

Developmental Stages ◽

Mature Oocyte ◽

White Shrimp ◽

Early Developmental Stage ◽

Eyestalk Ablation ◽

Maturation Index ◽

Estradiol 17Β

Studi ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh penyuntikan hormon estradiol-17β terhadap perkembangan ovari udang putih (Litopenaeus vannamei). Dosis estradiol17β yang digunakan adalah 0,05 μg/g; 0,10 μg/g; 0,25 μg/g bobot tubuh dan kontrol Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penyuntikan estradiol-17β berpengaruh terhadap perkembangan gonad. Indeks maturasi pada perlakuan dosis 0,10 μg/g and 0,25 μg/ g bobot tubuh lebih besar (75,00% dan 66,67%) dibanding kontrol. Peningkatan diameter oosit terlihat nyata pada TKG I dan II. Meskipun pada TKG III dan IV peningkatan oosit tidak terlihat nyata, tetapi proporsi oosit matang lebih besar. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa pemberian estradiol-17β pada induk udang ablasi menghasilkan telur yang lebih cepat berkembang dibandingkan jika hanya menggunakan ablasi. Penyuntikan estradiol-17β sangat berpengaruh pada awal perkembangan gonad. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa estradiol-17β berperan penting dalam merangsang endogenous vitelogenesis.The present study analyzed the effect of estradiol-17 β injection on ovarian development of white shrimp, Litopenaeus vannamei. Estradiol-17 β dose of 0.05 υ g/g, 0.10 μ g/g, 0.25 μ g/g body weight and the control was used, with 15 females broodstock of each. The result showed that ovarian development affected by estradiol-17 β injection. Maturation index in dose of 0.10 μ g/g and 0.25 μ g/g body weight was 75.00% and 66.67% respectively and higher than that of control. Oocytes diameter increased significantly on stage I and stage II, although oocytes diameter in stage III and IV was no significant different but the proportion of mature oocyte higher than that of control. It suggested that estradiol-17 β gave much more developed conditions in oocytes developmental stages and size, compared to control with unilateral eyestalk ablation only. The dominant effect is in early developmental stage of oocyte. It indicates that estradiol-17 β is important to induction of endogenous vitellogenesis in white shrimp.

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