OPTIMIZATION OF THE ACEH BEEF CATTLE PRODUCTION AND PROCESS USING SWOT ANALYSIS AND INDUSTRIAL SUPPLY CHAIN APPROACHES

The problem in management process and production of Aceh beef cattle farms in Aceh Besar has not been explored. This study aimed to determine the basic system of supply chain for the Aceh beef cattle production in Central Aceh Besar developed a model for optimizing the supply chain management and sustainability to increase productivity and business efficiency. This research used SWOT analysis and industrial supply chain approaches. The results showed that the current supply chain system of the Aceh beef cattle industry in Aceh Besar which has been running so far, needs to be strengthened to increase production and population of Aceh beef cattle in the future. There were 4 issues were identified: time, 29.6% faster than the current supply chain supply time; method, 60% no longer needed a business intermediary; cost, 21.4% of the live weight price of cattle was cheaper than the live weight price of current supply chain cattle; and stages, 30.8% shorter than the ongoing supply chain stages. The result of the SWOT analysis matrix showed that the SO (strength-opportunities) strategy was the main strategy for business developing of Aceh beef cattle in Central Aceh. In conclusion, it is necessary to optimize the implementation of the supply chain of Aceh Cattle Industry at Central Aceh by utilizing its strengths and suppressing the existing weaknesses from the breeding production to marketing process.

THE INFLUENCE OF HOLISTIC FEED ON PERFORMANCE OF SUPER NATIVE CHICK

This study determines effects of raw material feed (derived from corn, bran, soybean pods, concentrates and Indigofera zollingeriana local to Magelang) on the performance of native chicks. Performance was measured by feed consumption, body weight gain, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), mortality, and morbidity. This experiment used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three different feed treatments, and each treatment consisted of 30 free-range female chicks as replicants, from 0-4 weeks old. Super native chick feed was formulated by trial and error by mixing all ingredients: corn, bran, soybean pods, Indigofera zollingeriana, and premix. After mixing, a proximate test determined the nutritional content of the feed. Feed was then administered to chicks. Quantity of feed was administered according to age. The results obtained in the study were analyzed descriptively and statistically using the Variance Test (ANOVA) for the variables of body weight gain, feed consumption, and FCR. The Kruskal Wallis test was used via SPSS 26 program for mortality and morbidity variables with three treatments (T1, T2, and T3) and three replications. Each treatment consisted of 30 research individuals. Results showed that the super native chicks on varied protein diets had a significant difference in performance (P0.05), with feed 3 performing the best feed 3 produced a feed consumption of 430.20 g/chick and body weight gain of 174.67 g/chick, along with 2.46 FCR, 0% mortality, and 3.33% morbidity. The conclusion this study is holistic feed made from local ingredients with the addition of Indigofera zolliengeriana had a significant effect on increasing average daily gain, increasing feed consumption, and reducing feed conversion ratio (FCR) in native super chick.

COFFEE CONSUMPTION MAY DECREASE THE SERUM CREATININE AND PLASMA MALONDIALDEHYDE LEVELS IN RATS WITH HYPERURICEMIA INDUCED BY A HIGH PURINE DIET

The aim of this research was to determine the effect of coffee on creatinine and plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) level in rats fed on high purine diet. A total of 24 male Wistar rats divided into 4 groups of 6 rats each. Beef broth were given to 3 groups (K1, P1, P2) for thirty days. Beef broth administration were followed by giving coffee (caffeinated= P1 or by a decaffeinated= P2, 144 mg/200 g BW). Serum creatinine levels and plasma MDA were examined periodically on day 0, 15, and 30. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of variance or MANOVA test (CI= 95%, P0.05). Coffee administration (caffeinated and decaffeinated) may decrease the serum creatinine (day-30, K1= 3.17+ 0.69; P1= 1.63+0.11; P2= 1.14+0.08) and MDA levels (day-30, K1= 9.8+0.28; P1= 5.80+0.55, P2= 3.87+3.26) after 30 days of treatment (P= 0.000 for creatinine and MDA levels in K1, P1, P2 groups). A lower serum creatinine and MDA levels can be found in decaffeinated coffee grup. Coffee consumption for 30 days (especially decaffeinated) may decrease serum creatinine and plasma MDA in rat induced by a high purine diet.

MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE OF Klebsiella pneumoniae IN CATS IN BOGOR, INDONESIA

This study aims to measure the level of antibiotic resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cats in Bogor. Samples were isolated and identified macroscopically, microscopically, and biochemically. Positive isolates were tested for antibiotic sensitivity using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. The results showed that Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sputum and laryngeal swabs of clinic cats in Bogor had experienced Multidrug Resistance (MDR). The highest level of resistance to Klebsiella pneumoniae occurred in the β-lactam group (amphicillin 76%) followed by the tetracycline group (oxytetracycline 72% and tetracycline 68%), then the quinolone group (enrofloxacin 52%), and finally the aminoglycoside group (gentamicin 44%). The results of this study are expected to be taken into consideration in the use of antibiotics for the treatment of cases related to the Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria.

THE PRODUCTION OF FREEZE-DRIED EGG YOLK POWDER AND ITS EFFECT ON THE QUALITY OF GARUT RAM LIQUID SEMEN

This research aims to evaluate the protective potency of freeze-dried egg yolk powder on Garut ram sperm during the liquid semen preservation process. Semen with good sperm quality was divided into three groups and diluted using the following Tris diluents: fresh egg yolk-Tris (FEY-Tris), commercial egg yolk powder-Tris (CEY-Tris), and freeze-dried egg yolk powder-Tris (DEY-Tris). Semen that had been diluted was observed every 12 hours until sperm progressive motility was 50%. Sperm quality was tested for progressive motility percentages, viability, intact plasma membrane (IPM), and intact acrosome (IA). Fresh egg yolk had a particle size of 14460.00±330.76 nm, with polydispersity index value (PI) and zeta potential (ZP) being 1.00±0.11 and -9.22±0.30 mV, respectively. The particle size of commercial egg yolk powder was 877.90±168.86 nm with PI value 0.34±0.04 and ZP-28.7±1.24 mV. The particle size of freeze-dried egg yolk powder was 1296.00±86.73 nm, with PI value 0.70±0.04 and ZP -34.5±0.64 mV. Progressive motility percentage showed that DEY-Tris diluent managed to survive to 51.11±6.06% for 168 hours, compared to FEY-Tris (51.25±6.74%) which survived for 156 hours, although no longer than CEY-Tris diluent (53.47±6.33%) which survive for 180 hours (P0.05). Higher sperm motility was also supported by viability percentage, IPM, and IA, which were all higher (P0.05). In conclusion, freeze dried egg yolk powder mixed with Tris buffer was able to maintain sperm quality during the liquid semen preservation process.

Escherichia coli CONTAMINATION AND ITS RESISTANCE TO ANTIBIOTICS IN SE’I MEAT

The purpose of this study was to obtain Escherichia coli isolates from 11 se’i meat sellers in Kupang City and to observe their resistance to13 types of antibiotics. Escherichia coli were isolated and identified based on SNI 2897: 2008. Antibiotic resistance of the Escherichia colii isolates was determined using the Kirby-Bauer method. The results showed that 13 isolates (39.39%) of Escherichia coli in se’i meat samples had a high level of resistance to erythromycin (100%), tetracycline (76.92%), and doxycycline (61.54%). Isolates demonstrated increased resistance to streptomycin (46.15%), cephalothin (38.46%), trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (38.46%), amoxicillin (30.77%), chloramphenicol (30.77%), and choline sulfate (30.77%). The antibiotics nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin demonstrated low Escherichia coli resistance (7.69%). Escherichia coli are sensitive to cefotaxime and gentamicin. A total of 12 isolates (92.31%) experienced MDR. The presence of non-MDR and MDR resistant Escherichia coli in se’i meat can seriously threaten community health.

ANTISPERMATOGENIC ACTIVITY OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CALINA PAPAYA LEAVES ON SEMINIFEROUS TUBULES WISTAR RATS

Indonesia is a country with high birth rate and the rate continues to increase each year. Methods to reduce high birth rate are needed, especially herbal based contraceptives. This research aims to study the possibility of Calina papaya leaf ethanolic extract as an antispermatogenic agent which hopefully could be expanded into natural antifertiliy drug candidate. Research was done using 24 white male Wistar rats divided into four groups. Dosages were given as follows: 0 mg/Kg W (control group), 100 mg/Kg W (P1), 200 mg/Kg W (P2) and 300 mg/Kg W (P3). Treatment was given in 30 days period. Rats were sacrificed on Day 31 and the testes were taken. Testes were then made into histological specimen using paraffin block and stained using Haematoxylin-Eosin. The diameter and surface area of seminiferous tubules, lumen surface area, and spermatogenesis index were then observed. Results showed that there is a significant difference (p0.05) on lumen surface area and spermatogenesis index between control and treatment groups. It is also found that the optimum dosage given to attain the desirable effect is 300 mg/Kg W. There is no significant difference found on surface area and diameter of tubulus seminiferous between control and treatment group (p0.05). Based on the results, papaya leaf (Calina variety) ethanolic extract has the potential a natural antispermatogenic with the optimum dose of 300 mg/Kg W.

EFFECT OF HESPERETIN TREATMENT ON BLOOD GLUCOSE LEVEL, SPERMATOZOA QUALITY, AND SPERMATOZOA QUANTITY IN ALLOXAN-INDUCED DIABETIC MICE

Male infertility has occurred rapidly in the last few decades, primarily in developing countries. An antioxidant, hesperetin is a flavonoid that is found in abundance in orange peels. The aims of this research were to determine the effect of hesperetin on blood sugar levels, spermatozoaquality, and spermatozoa quantity. The research structure included induction of diabetes mellitus and treatment for 8 weeks, followed bydetermination of blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quality, and spermatozoa quantity. Hesperetin has the ability to restore blood sugar levels, spermatozoa quantity, seminiferous tubules diameter, and testicular weight, volume, and germinal epithelial layer thickness with significant difference from the normal control group. Hesperetin did not fully restore spermatozoa motility, viability, and morphology with significant difference from the normal control group, nor from the positive control group. However, overall, hesperetin decreased blood glucose levels, increased spermatozoa quantity, and improved the spermatozoa quality in alloxan-induced diabetes mellitus mice. Dose-dependent activity was observed with the optimum dose at 200 mg/kg body weight.

HONEY SUPPLEMENTATION IN LACTATE RINGER-EGG YOLK EXTENDER ON QUALITY OF PELUNG CHICKEN SPERMATOZOA POST-CHILLING

The purpose of this research was to determine the influence of honey supplementation in lactate ringer-egg yolk extender with 0.025% sodium dodecyl sulfate and 2% vitamin E addition (LREYSE) on the quality of Pelung chicken spermatozoa preserved at 5° C for 72 hours.Semen was collected from three Pelung chickens once per day over a course of three days using the dorsal-abdominal massage method. Semen was divided into 5 treatment groups of honey supplementation that are 0% as control (LREYSEH0), 1% (LREYSEH1), 2% (LREYSEH2), 3% (LREYSEH3), and 4% (LREYSEH4). This liquid semen was observed for sperm motility and viability every 12 hours. Complete random designrepeated measurement with 4 replications was used in this study. The results showed the motility and viability of spermatozoa in LREYSEextender with 2% honey supplementation (61.25±1.25% and 71.50±0.74%) was significantly higher (P0.05) than other treatments that are 0% (51.25±1.25% and 61.88±1.36%), 1% (52.50±1.44% and 63.25±1.38%), 3% (51.25±1.25% and 61.63±1.48%), and 4% (50.00±2.04% and 60.63±2.29%) of honey supplementation in extender at 36 hours of storage until the end of the observation at 72 hours of incubation. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that the 2% honey supplementation in extender is the best treatment to maintain sperm motility and viability for 72 hours of storage.

SEASONAL VARIATIONS ON SEMEN CHARACTERISTICS OF FATTAILED AND GARUT RAMS UNDER TROPICAL CONDITIONS

This study investigated the influences of rainy and dry seasons on semen characteristics of fat-tailed and Garut rams under tropical conditions. A total of 4 healthy rams (2 fat-tailed rams and 2 Garut rams) aged 3 to 4 years old were used in this study. The semen was collected from each ram during November 2016 to February 2017 (rainy season) and May to August 2017 (dry season). The measurement of semen characteristics including semen volume (SV), sperm concentration (SpC), total sperm (TSp), individual sperm motility (ISM), post-thawing sperm motility (PTSM), and frozen semen production (FSP). The rainy season resulted higher SV (P= 0.021), TSp (P= 0.005), ISM (P= 0.028), and FSP (P= 0.005) than the dry season. On the other hand, fat-tailed rams had higher (P0.001) SV, TSp, and FSP compared to Garut rams. There was no interaction (P0.05) between season and breed on all semen characteristic parameters found in the present study. It can be concluded that the semen collection during the rainy season had a beneficial impact to produce high-quality semen for artificial insemination program than in the dry season. Fat-tailed rams have better semen characteristics compared to Garut rams.