Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Chicken Fat as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine

Increase in the demand for the alternative fuel for diesel engine as led to quest for feasible fuel with competitive cost and environmental friendly compared to petrolium fuel. This article deals on waste energy recovery. The aim of this experimental work is to find an attractive alternative fuel for the diesel engine by harnessing fuel from waste disposed oils. Waste Cooking Oil (WCO) and Waste Lubrication Oil (WLO) energy sources are used for fuel production. Collected WCO stored in a container, mixed and cleansed by removing solidified fats and other food leftovers before the transesterification. The acid followed by base catalyst transesterification processes carried out for biodiesel production. The WLO oil cannot be used directly in diesel engine and hence it is processed to be used like DLF using pyrolitic vacuum distillation method. The characteristics test such as flash point, fire point, density; viscosity and calorific value of the produced biodiesel, DLF, B10, B20, B30 and B40 were determined & compared with standards. Performance and Emission characteristics conducted in a single cylinder, free aspirated, water- cooled computerized diesel engine setup and results discussed. Results outcome shows that B30 exhibits the similar performance as pure diesel. The results show an improvement in brake specific fuel consumption, thermal efficiency. The unburned hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide emissions less but increase in the NOx.

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Engine Performance Investigations of Palm Oil, Jatropha Oil and Waste Cooking Oil as Alternative Fuel

Advanced Materials Research ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1113.674 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 1113 ◽

pp. 674-678

Author(s):

Syarifah Yunus ◽

Noriah Yusoff ◽

Muhammad Faiz Fikri Ahmad Khaidzir ◽

Siti Khadijah Alias ◽

Freddawati Rashiddy Wong ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Palm Oil ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Gas Temperature ◽

Performance Effect ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Exhaust Gas Temperature ◽

Global Agenda

The continued using of petroleum energy as a sourced for fuel is widely recognized as unsustainable because of the decreasing of supplies while increasing of the demand. Therefore, it becomes a global agenda to develop a renewable, sustainable and alternative fuel to meets with all the demand. Thus, biodiesel seems to be one of the best choices. In Malaysia, the biodiesel used is from edible vegetable oil sources; palm oil. The uses of palm oil as biodiesel production source have been concern because of the competition with food materials. In this study, various types of biodiesel feedstock are being studied and compared with diesel. The purpose of this comparison is to obtain the optimum engine performance of these different types of biodiesel (edible, non-edible, waste cooking oil) on which are more suitable to be used as alternative fuel. The optimum engine performance effect can be obtains by considering the Brake Power (BP), Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC), Exhaust Gas Temperature (EGT) and Brake Thermal Efficiency (BTE).

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Sustainable Biodiesel Production from Waste Cooking Oil and Chicken Fat as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine

European Scientific Journal ESJ ◽

10.19044/esj.2017.v13n3p235 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 13 (3) ◽

pp. 235

Author(s):

Ribwar K. Abdulrahman

Keyword(s):

Global Warming ◽

Greenhouse Gases ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Oil And Gas ◽

Recent Decade ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Chicken Fat ◽

Cooking Oil

In recent decade, the demand for fuel as a source of energy has been dramatic. In fact, many oil and gas reservoirs are declining around the world. The use of fossil fuels such as oil, coal, and natural gas is contributing to the phenomenon of global warming. This is because it emits high quantities of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases to the atmosphere. Thus, many researchers and energy companies are investigating the production of an environmental friendly fuel that reduces the emission of greenhouse gases. Thus, bio fuel is one of the most obvious alternative sustainable fuels that can be produced from used vegetable oil and animal fats as well. Indeed, it has several advantages. For example, a biodegradable and a renewable energy reduces global warming phenomenon. Thus, this work is an attempt to produce a biodiesel fuel from chicken fat and waste cooking oil. Also, it was found that it is possible to produce biodiesel from chicken fat and waste cooking oils using transesterification reaction method. Furthermore, the process optimization was also adopted; for example, methanol to oil ratio. It has been found that the yield percentages of the produced biodiesel is increased by increasing the amount of methanol. In addition, the maximum conversion to ester could be achieved at methanol: oil ratio about 7:1. at 60 °C.

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Evaluation of Diesel Engine Performance and Exhaust Emission Characteristics Using Waste Cooking Oil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.773-774.425 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 773-774 ◽

pp. 425-429 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Nur Atiqah Ramlan ◽

Abdul Adam Abdullah ◽

Mohd Herzwan Hamzah ◽

Nur Fauziah Jaharudin ◽

Rizalman Mamat

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Exhaust Emission ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Conventional Diesel Fuel

The depletion of fossil fuels as well as the rises of greenhouse gases had caused most government worldwide to follow the international energy policies for the use of biodiesel. One of the economical sources for biodiesel production is waste cooking oil. The use of waste cooking oil is more sustainable if they can perform similarly to conventional diesel fuel. This paper deals with the experimental study carried out to evaluate the engine performance and exhaust emission of diesel engine operated by biodiesel from waste cooking oil at various engine speed. The biodiesel used are known as B5, which contains of 5% of waste cooking oil and 95% of diesel fuel. The other one is B20, which contains of 20% of waste cooking oil plus 80% of diesel. Diesel was used as a comparison purposes. The results show that power and torque for B5 give the closest trend to diesel. In terms of heat release, diesel still dominates the highest value compared to B5 and B20. For exhaust emission, B5 and B20 showed improvement in the reduction of NOx and PM.

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Influence of antioxidant addition on the emissions of a diesel engine by using waste cooking oil biodiesel

Energy & Environment ◽

10.1177/0958305x18758488 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 29 (5) ◽

pp. 732-741 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Farah Halek ◽

Ali Kavousi-Rahim

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Fossil Fuels ◽

Energy Resource ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Biodiesel Fuel ◽

Animal Fats ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Efficient Reduction ◽

Cooking Oils

Biodiesel is a renewable energy resource consisting of the alkyl monoesters of fatty acids obtained from vegetable oils, waste cooking oils, or animal fats. Biodiesel has been noticed recently as an alternative to fossil fuels. Previous studies have shown that biodiesel produces less pollutants compared to diesel fuel. Biodiesel fuel increases the emission of NOx exceptionally. Recently, it has been found that antioxidant addition to biodiesel is a solution to solve the problem. The purpose of this research is to study the effect of antioxidants addition on the emissions of CO, HC, and NOx from biodiesel fuel. Exhaust emissions of an agriculture diesel engine were studied using biodiesel blend with a 500 ppm propyl gallate (PrG) (propyl-3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate) and butylated hydroxy anisole (BhA) (2-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenol) as two major antioxidants. Biodiesel used in this research was prepared through NaOH catalyzed transesterification of a waste cooking oil that originally was taken from sunflower oil, with the assistance of ultrasonic homogenizer. After biodiesel production, five blends including neat diesel, B10, B20, B20 + 500 ppm PrG, and B20+ 500 ppm BhA were used as fuel and the emitted gases were analyzed. The results of this work demonstrated that the addition of antioxidants has no significant effect on lowering CO emission, as well as lowering HC; but the addition of antioxidants results in more efficient reduction of NOx emission from diesel exhaust. In general, BhA showed better results compared to PrG.

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Biodiesel production from waste cooking oil in an oscillatory flow reactor. Performance as a fuel on a TDI diesel engine

Renewable Energy ◽

10.1016/j.renene.2018.03.002 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 125 ◽

pp. 546-556 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Juan Francisco García-Martín ◽

Carmen C. Barrios ◽

Francisco-Javier Alés-Álvarez ◽

Aida Dominguez-Sáez ◽

Paloma Alvarez-Mateos

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Oscillatory Flow ◽

Flow Reactor ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Reactor Performance ◽

Cooking Oil

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Effect of Adding RON97 Into Waste Cooking Oil as an Alternative Fuel for Diesel Engine

International Journal of Engineering & Technology ◽

10.14419/ijet.v7i3.11.15941 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 7 (3.11) ◽

pp. 113

Author(s):

Idris Saad ◽

Wardatul Hayah Ab Rashid ◽

Nur Hidayah Saidon

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Calorific Value ◽

Alternative Fuel ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Fuel Blend ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Blended Fuel ◽

Blended Fuels ◽

Conventional Diesel Fuel

Petroleum-based fuel reserves are drastically depleting due to a high demand on sustaining a better lifestyle. This paper presents the utilization of waste cooking oil (WCO) as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. Although WCO and conventional diesel fuel have similar physiochemical properties, the properties of WCO is considered inferior than conventional diesel fuel. It is due to higher viscosity and density of WCO while its calorific value is lower than conventional diesel fuel. In this research, unmodified WCO was blended with petrol fuel grade RON97. Five blended fuels samples were prepared from five to 25 percent volume base with five percent step increment. The density and calorific value of all fuel blend samples together with unmodified WCO were measured and compared to the conventional diesel and RON97 fuels. Each of the blended fuel and conventional diesel were used to run a single cylinder diesel engine. The performance characteristic of the engine was recorded at different engine speeds ranging between 1500 and 3000 rpm. Results showed that the properties of blended fuel were inferior compared to the conventional diesel fuel; however, by adding 15 percent of RON97 into the unmodified WCO, the results were comparable to the conventional diesel fuel.

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Analysis of Diesel Engine Performance Fueled with Waste Cooking Oil

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.465-466.418 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 465-466 ◽

pp. 418-422

Author(s):

Nur Atiqah Ramlan ◽

Mohd Herzwan Hamzah ◽

Nur Fauziah Jaharudin ◽

Abdul Adam Abdullah ◽

Rizalman Mamat

Keyword(s):

Diesel Engine ◽

Diesel Fuel ◽

Engine Speed ◽

Engine Performance ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Constant Load ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Cylinder Pressure ◽

Cooking Oil ◽

Engine Power

Waste cooking oil (WCO) is one of the economical and easiest sources for biodiesel production. The use of WCO in diesel engine is sustainable if they can perform similarly to diesel fuel. Therefore, this paper presents the performance and combustion characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from WCO and compared with diesel fuel. In this study, the WCO was blended with diesel fuel at 5% and 10% blending ratio and named as B5 and B10 respectively. The experiment has been conducted at variable engine speed, constant load and at compression ratios of 17.7. The performance parameters that have been analyzed in this experiment were engine power, torque and in-cylinder pressure. In the end, results show that the engine performance of B5 and B10 was slightly similar to diesel fuel and can be used as a diesels substitute.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Heterogeneous Solid Acid Catalyst from Alstonia Scolaris Stalks for Biodiesel Production using Waste Cooking Oil

Nanoscience &Nanotechnology-Asia ◽

10.2174/2210681210999200728123043 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 ◽

Author(s):

Charishma Venkata Sai Anne ◽

Karthikeyan S. ◽

Arun C.

Keyword(s):

Reaction Time ◽

Solid Acid ◽

Solid Acid Catalyst ◽

Acid Catalyst ◽

Waste Cooking Oil ◽

Biodiesel Production ◽

Wood Biomass ◽

Waste Wood ◽

X Ray ◽

Cooking Oil

Background: Waste biomass derived reusable heterogeneous acid based catalysts are more suitable to overcome the problems associated with homogeneous catalysts. The use of agricultural biomass as catalyst for transesterification process is more economical and it reduces the overall production cost of biodiesel. The identification of an appropriate suitable catalyst for effective transesterification will be a landmark in biofuel sector Objective: In the present investigation, waste wood biomass was used to prepare a low cost sulfonated solid acid catalyst for the production of biodiesel using waste cooking oil. Methods: The pretreated wood biomass was first calcined then sulfonated with H2SO4. The catalyst was characterized by various analyses such as, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The central composite design (CCD) based response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to study the influence of individual process variables such as temperature, catalyst load, methanol to oil molar ration and reaction time on biodiesel yield. Results: The obtained optimized conditions are as follows: temperature (165 ˚C), catalyst loading (1.625 wt%), methanol to oil molar ratio (15:1) and reaction time (143 min) with a maximum biodiesel yield of 95 %. The Gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of biodiesel produced from waste cooking oil was showed that it has a mixture of both monounsaturated and saturated methyl esters. Conclusion: Thus the waste wood biomass derived heterogeneous catalyst for the transesterification process of waste cooking oil can be applied for sustainable biodiesel production by adding an additional value for the waste materials and also eliminating the disposable problem of waste oils.

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