scholarly journals To check the socio-economic importance of honey bee for developing countries in current financial crisis

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanam Naz
2019 ◽  
Vol 118 (11) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Ramyar Rzgar Ahmed ◽  
Sahar Jalal ◽  
S. Rabiyathul Basariya

A worldwide monetary and money related emergency has influenced the world by the expanding swelling and joblessness rate. It influences the billions of individuals living in creating countries, these emergencies have reinforced the general condition of emergency contained by spread neediness and outrageous destitution. The emergency had its inception in the most extravagant countries, however it had made more prominent effect on rising creating countries. The compromising emergency makes part of social effect and unmistakable impacts, for example, easing back worldwide monetary development, contracting world exchange, work misfortunes. It is significant and required to break down the worldwide monetary and budgetary emergency to discover the main driver of the rising monetary and money related emergency and give conceivable and reasonable arrangements dependent on the past accessible authentic financial and monetary emergency information. This monetary and money related emergency contains key components, for example, macroeconomic arrangements, budgetary area supervision and guideline, money related building, and the worldwide exercises of enormous private monetary establishments. A key exercise from the worldwide monetary and financial emergency is all that we have to reexamine the arrangements for financial development which have been existed in the course of recent decades. This paper depicts about the budgetary emergency and the reasons of the destruction of the money during 10 years and how we can conquer the circumstance.


2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 669-687 ◽  
Author(s):  
Celia Álvarez-Botas ◽  
Víctor M. González-Méndez

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyse the effect of economic development on the influence of country-level determinants on corporate debt maturity, bearing in mind firm size and the period of financial crisis. Design/methodology/approach The authors employ panel data estimation with fixed effects to examine the role of economic development in influencing the relationship between country-level determinants on corporate debt maturity. The paper uses a sample of 30,727 listed firms, belonging to 39 countries, over the period 2005–2012. Findings Corporate debt maturity increases with the efficiency of the legal system and bank concentration and decreases with the weight of banks in the economy. However, the importance of these country determinants is greater in developing than in developed countries. The authors also show that firm size in developed and developing countries influences country determinants of corporate debt maturity. Finally, the results reveal that the financial crisis has affected the debt maturity of firms differently in developed and developing countries, with the effect of bank concentration lengthening debt maturity, this effect being more pronounced in developing countries. Practical implications The findings provide useful insights to guide policy decisions providing access to long-term financing, as corporate debt maturity depends on economic development, institutional environment, banking structure and firm size. Originality/value This study incorporates economic development in explaining the relationship between country-level determinants and corporate debt maturity.


Author(s):  
Harald Wixforth

AbstractThe current financial crisis has provoked keen discussion on how to analyze and compare similar types of crises, in order that we might be able to draw lessons from history. This article attempts to outline different instruments of comparison. It also tries to compare the German 1931 banking crisis to the current crisis, in order to highlight parallels and differences.


Author(s):  
B. L. K. Brady

Abstract A description is provided for Ascosphaera apis. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Apis mellifera and Megachile spp. DISEASE: Chalkbrood of the honey bee (Apis mellifera) with a few poorly documented records on leaf cutting bees Megachile spp. (Melville & Dade, 1944) and M. internis (Baker & Torchio, 1968). The spores are ingested by young larvae and germinate in the gut, breaking out of the hind end when larvae are sealed in their cells prior to pupation. If one strain only is present this forms the typical chalkbrood. If both strains are present a layer of grey cysts forms on the surface of the larva. Larvae are most susceptible at 3-4 days old and are then chilled briefly immediately after sealing. Although fatal to the larvae, this rarely destroys a whole colony and individual dead larvae are ejected by the bees. Ascospores persist many years providing periodic trouble in adverse conditions. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Europe; USA. Until 1968 chalkbrood was considered to be a European disease and it was only in 1971 that it became recognised as of economic importance in USA (Hitchcock & Christensen, 1972). TRANSMISSION: By ascospores within the cells of the comb to young larvae. From hive to hive probably by robber bees. More prevalent in cold, wet summers.


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