scholarly journals Linking Business Environment Reform with Gender and Inclusion: A Study of Business Licensing Reform in Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amrita Saha ◽  
Jodie Thorpe ◽  
Keir Macdonald ◽  
Kelbesa Megersa
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Business Regulations ◽  
The Impact

Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations. It is intended to remove constraints to business investment, enabling growth and job creation, and create opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I). While a review of existing literature suggests that in general, there is no direct link between BER and G&I, indirect links are likely through the influence of BER on firm performance. Outcomes will be influenced by the differential ways in which women-led firms experience the business environment when compared to their male counterparts, with disparities based on how they are treated under the law, as well as structural and sociocultural factors. The fact that in many countries, female-led firms are fewer and smaller than those of their male counterparts, and may operate in different sectors, also affects these dynamics. This research offers new insights through an in-depth analysis of the impact of the Pelayanan Terpadu Satu Pintu (PTSP) or one-stop shop business licensing reform in 2009 on firm performance in Indonesia, and how these impacts vary based on the gender of firm leadership. The results find that on average, firms benefited from improved business performance (sales), as a direct or indirect effect of this reform, as well as an increase in the number of medium and large-scale firms. Outside Jakarta (Bali, Banten, Lampung), women-led firms experienced a small but significant benefit relative to male-led firms, related to both sales and the number of medium and large-scale firms they run. In Jakarta, women-led firms continued to lag behind men and there were no significant effects on employment, and this held across province and gender. These findings are based on an analysis of the PTSP reform using data from the World Bank Enterprise Survey (WBES), a survey of small, medium and large firms (i.e. with more than four employees) which took place in Indonesia between 2009 and 2015.

scholarly journals The Impact of Business Environment Reforms on Poverty, Gender and Inclusion

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keir Macdonald
Keyword(s):  
Business Environment ◽  
Rapid Review ◽  
Sociocultural Factors ◽  
Detailed Knowledge ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Women In Business ◽  
Marginalised Groups ◽  
Business Regulations ◽  
The Impact

This rapid review synthesises the literature from academic, policy, and knowledge institution sources on how business environment reforms in middle-income countries impacts on poverty, gender and inclusion. Although, there is limited evidence on the direct impact of business environment reforms on poverty, gender, and inclusion, this review illustrates that there is evidence of indirect effects of such reforms. Business environment reform (BER) targets inadequate business regulations and institutions, in order to remove constraints to business investment and expansion, enabling growth and job creation, as well as new opportunities for international business to contribute to and benefit from this growth. However, there is a lack of detailed knowledge of the impact of BER on gender and inclusion (G&I) outcomes, in terms of the potential to remove institutional barriers which exclude formerly marginalised groups from business opportunities, in ways that promote equal access to resources, opportunities, benefits, and services. The literature shows how the business environment affects women in business, and how women’s experiences of a given business environment can be different from those of men. This is the result of disparities in how they are treated under the law, but also based on structural and sociocultural factors which influence how men and women behave in a given business environment and the barriers they face.

scholarly journals Variations in Performances in Chinese Small and Medium Enterprises

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamad Hanapi Mohamad ◽  
Ching Ing Sung
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Firm Strategy ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Chinese Entrepreneurs ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Multivariate Relationship

Malaysia, like many developing countries, is encouraging local businesses to take greater role in the management of its economy. While incentives and deregulation measures are offered, variations in performances still persist. Researchers have long been interested in explaining the variance in firm performance, as even those firms operating in the same industry and in the same business environment show differences in performance outcomes. Numerous paradigms in the literature have been employed to explain the variance in business performance, including the Classical Industry Organisation, the Revisionist school, the New Industrial Organisation school, the PIMS paradigm, the Austrian school, and the Resource-based school. This paper investigates the combined effects of managerial characteristics of owners/managers and business strategy on the firm performance of Chinese small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Malaysia. Using multivariate relationship, the results of the study did not show any significant correlation between the managerial characteristics of the owners/managers and firm performance outcomes among the Chinese entrepreneurs. Nevertheless, a significant amount of variance in performance outcomes can be explained by firm strategy. Furthermore, several significant correlations were found between managerial characteristics and business strategy.  

scholarly journals Synchronization in 5G networks: a hybrid Bayesian approach toward clock offset/skew estimation and its impact on localization

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Meysam Goodarzi ◽  
Darko Cvetkovski ◽  
Nebojsa Maletic ◽  
Jesús Gutiérrez ◽  
Eckhard Grass
Keyword(s):  
Bayesian Approach ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Hybrid Approach ◽  
Position Estimation ◽  
5G Networks ◽  
Clock Skew ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mean Square Errors ◽  
Clock Offset

AbstractClock synchronization has always been a major challenge when designing wireless networks. This work focuses on tackling the time synchronization problem in 5G networks by adopting a hybrid Bayesian approach for clock offset and skew estimation. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth analysis of the impact of the proposed approach on a synchronization-sensitive service, i.e., localization. Specifically, we expose the substantial benefit of belief propagation (BP) running on factor graphs (FGs) in achieving precise network-wide synchronization. Moreover, we take advantage of Bayesian recursive filtering (BRF) to mitigate the time-stamping error in pairwise synchronization. Finally, we reveal the merit of hybrid synchronization by dividing a large-scale network into local synchronization domains and applying the most suitable synchronization algorithm (BP- or BRF-based) on each domain. The performance of the hybrid approach is then evaluated in terms of the root mean square errors (RMSEs) of the clock offset, clock skew, and the position estimation. According to the simulations, in spite of the simplifications in the hybrid approach, RMSEs of clock offset, clock skew, and position estimation remain below 10 ns, 1 ppm, and 1.5 m, respectively.

scholarly journals The Impact of Supply Chain Partnership on Firm Performance: an Empirical Study Based on Listed Manufacturing Companies in China

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 22-38
Author(s):  
Panxin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Firm Performance ◽  
Transaction Costs ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Information Exchange ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Additional Test ◽  
Global Business ◽  
The Impact

Today, Supply Chain Management (SCM) is regarded as an essential strategic factor, which has a great deal of influence on earning competitiveness in global business environment. There are conflicts among all members of the SCM. In order to maximize the total profit of the SCM, negotiation among all members is necessary. For enterprise in the supply chain, the supply chain partnership has become a significant factor affecting firm performance. In this paper, I examine the impact of cooperation between enterprise and its supply chain partners. Specifically, I collect survey data from Chinese manufacturing firms about their relations with partners and use regression analysis to test hypotheses about the associations between firm performance and supply chain partnership. My results support that superior supplier partnership has a positive impact on reducing transaction costs and improving financial and market performance. In additional test, I establish a series of models with interactive terms. The results of additional test indicate that the impact is enhanced if the competition of each sub industry of the manufacturing industry is different. Above all, I put forward the following suggestions. Enterprise managers could establish an evaluation mechanism of suppliers and retailers, which select high-quality cooperative partners and reduce low-quality transaction costs for enterprises. When participating in business operation, shareholders could comprehensively understand the business conditions of various supply partners and choose reliable supply chain partners for investment. Also, the government can guide the realization of resource sharing and information exchange among supply chain enterprises, which is beneficial to create a more competitive supply chain to promote economic development.

GREEN INNOVATION ANDFIRM PERFORMANCE: THE ECOLOGICAL MODERNIZATION PERSPECTIVE

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (Number 1) ◽  
pp. 21-31
Author(s):  
Fadhilah Mohd. Zahari ◽  
T. Ramayah
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Business Strategy ◽  
Performance Outcomes ◽  
Ecological Modernization ◽  
Economic Prosperity ◽  
Green Innovation ◽  
Sustainable Environment ◽  
Central Argument ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Economic Improvement

Green innovation is becoming an essential business strategy in the 21stcentury as it brings sustainable environment and economic prosperity hand in hand. Consequently, the impact of green innovation on firm performance has drawn enormous attention among the scholars for the past few decades, aiming at empirically justify the positive implications of being green in business. However, the analysis from the ecological modernization perspective remains limited, although the focus on preventive approach to achieve environmentaland economic improvement is the central argument of this theoretical lens. This study tackles the above issue by examining the performance outcomes of green innovation adoption in view of ecological modernization perspective. A quantitative, survey based study collected data from 130 Malaysian manufacturing firms, which was subsequently analyzed using SmartPLS 2.0. The findings generally corroborate the positive implications of green innovation on firm performance in the aspects of environment, economic and competitive advantage. Likewise, EM perspective fits in offering plausible insights of the findings, hence entails the alternative ground to be employed in other studies of the like.

Strategic Information Systems in Arab Organizations

2019 ◽  
pp. 197-210
Author(s):  
Ahmad Fayez Albadri
Keyword(s):  
Information Systems ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Common Factor ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Strategic Information ◽  
Strategic Information Systems ◽  
Lack Of Fit ◽  
Business Functions ◽  
The Impact

Organizations are increasingly dependent on information systems, and they invest dearly on systems to integrate disparate business functions, automate business processes, and support operations in order to sustain business and survive in a competition-intensive business environment. However, such systems have in many occasions failed fully or partially. The lack of “fit-to purpose” seems to be the common factor among most of the failed cases. This suggests that such systems are not selected, implemented, configured, or supported based on a proper analysis and understanding of the organization structure and hierarchy, business functions, business processes, and business environment. Evidently, the majority of organizations tend to emphasize system specifications that match their operational and tactical requirements, with little attention given to strategic requirements, culminating in issues with strategic planning and decision making. This chapter uses a survey and simple model based on the characteristics and competitiveness indicators of strategic information systems (SIS) to examine the impact of such systems on the business performance in 16 medium to large Arab organizations. The study concludes with an emphasis of the importance of SIS to help organizations achieve excellence and competitive advantage and realize business objectives and goals.

E-Business Adoption and its Impact on Performance

2010 ◽  
pp. 95-105
Author(s):  
Sabah Abdullah Al-Somali ◽  
Ben Clegg ◽  
Roya Gholami
Keyword(s):  
Business Performance ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Business Processes ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Scale Transformation ◽  
Business Partners ◽  
Business Operations ◽  
Multi Phase ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Insight Into

Organizations today face intense competitive and economic pressures leading to large scale transformation of existing business operations and transactions. In addition, organizations have adopted automated business processes to deal with partners and customers. E-business diffusion is a multi-phase process, moving from initiation through to routinisation and an insight into the adoption processes helps organizations to adopt e-business more effectively. It is imperative that organizations effectively manage the e-business environment, and all associated changes to accommodate the changing relationships with customers and business partners and more importantly, to improve performance. This chapter discusses the process of e-business implementation, usage and diffusion (routinisation stage) on business performance.

Proposed Framework for Research in the Triple A (Agility, Adaptability, Alignment) in Supply Chains

2011 ◽  
pp. 306-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivan Arana-Solares ◽  
Jose Machuca ◽  
Rafaela Alfalla-Luque
Keyword(s):  
Supply Chain ◽  
Supply Chains ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Sustainable Competitive Advantage ◽  
Global Business ◽  
The Impact

In the rapidly changing global business environment, it can be seen that supply chain designs based solely on efficiency and speed do not necessarily lead to a sustainable competitive advantage. According to Lee (2004), this can only be done if supply chains are designed to incorporate the Triple A: Agility, Adaptability and Alignment. Although Lee provided some examples, to date his claim has not been empirically tested, which is essential. A number of studies have looked at the three component parts of the Triple A separately, but as yet no studies have focused on all three Triple A components concurrently, or on the impact they have on business performance. The main aim of this chapter is to determine the dimensions and factors that characterize these variables, in order to empirically test the accuracy of Lee’s claim.

Investigating the Impact of Research and Development Strategy on Firm Performance

2011 ◽  
Vol 495 ◽  
pp. 306-309 ◽  
Author(s):  
Panagiotis Trivellas
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Research And Development ◽  
Competitive Advantage ◽  
Development Strategy ◽  
Dominant Role ◽  
External Environment ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Organizational Size ◽  
Market Shares ◽  
The Impact

This paper examines the influence of Research and Development (R&D) strategy on firm performance controlling for external environment. In this turbulent era, several firms build their competitive advantage on their innovation competence investing on R&D. Drawing upon a sample of 248 firms located in Greece, a structured questionnaire was developed to measure R&D strategy, external environment (dynamism, complexity, munificence, technological) and firm performance (financial, market, innovation, growth and organizational). The importance of R&D strategy in explaining the variance of all performance dimensions is confirmed with innovation performance playing a dominant role. Results indicate that R&D strategy is the most crucial antecedent of firm performance, controlling for business environment. Among environmental dimensions, only dynamism exerts statistical significant relationships. Regarding organizational size, larger firms possess a competitive advantage in the market, enjoying dominant market shares, while smaller firms exhibit supremacy regarding their innovative behavior.

An examination of strategies under the financial tsunami

2010 ◽  
Vol 110 (9) ◽  
pp. 1319-1336 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.T.S. Ho ◽  
K.L. Choy ◽  
S.H. Chung ◽  
C.H.Y. Lam
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Quantitative Research ◽  
Business Performance ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Business Environment ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Corporate Strategies ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
The Impact

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify the factors, such as the different strategies adopted and the size of the company, that have a significant determining impact on the financial performance of companies in extreme circumstances.Design/methodology/approachThe research target of this paper is the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Hong Kong. This is quantitative research and it is done on a survey basis, which includes hypothesis setting and statistical analysis. In addition, constructive suggestions are given to companies after analyzing the current situation.FindingsIn total, ten factors from four dimensions are determined as the critical strategies for the company to adopt in an uncertain financial situation. The result shows the influence of different factors on return on investment for the companies with different backgrounds.Practical implicationsThe business environment today is full of turbulence and uncertainties; this, along with the fierce global competition, means that manufacturers are all struggling to survive. The financial tsunami that has swept across the global economy is believed to be the most catastrophic in living memory. Therefore, this research will be especially valuable and useful to companies which wish to achieve excellence in business performance in spite of such a global disaster.Originality/valueManufacturers worldwide have suffered badly from the impact of the financial tsunami. The SMEs in Hong Kong are certainly not an exception. However, under the same adverse conditions, some have been able to maintain their stability or even thrive. The findings suggest some specific corporate strategies which will enable companies to survive and remain competitive.

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