Gender Discrimination in Tourism Industry

Compared to the past, business life has considerably developed in any area in the last century. All of the goods and services producing enterprises have made very important developments by taking advantage of science and technology at every stage of consumption and post-consumption processes starting from production. However, it can be said that the most important of these developments is the entry of the female workforce into the business life in the twenty-first century. The involvement of women in business life has not only changed the forms of production and presentation of the enterprises but also led businesses to achieve a completely different perspective.

Love books: sustained success amidst uncertainties

Subject area: The sub field of academia that the case is designed to teach is small business development, entrepreneurship or women in business. Study level/applicability: This case is appropriate for graduate and post-graduate, MBA and executive education students focusing on entrepreneurship, small business development or women in business. Case overview This real-life case is based on interviews that took place with Kate Rogan, the co-founder of Love Books, and other stakeholders associated with the small bookselling business that is based in the suburb of Melville in Johannesburg. It describes how Rogan’s past influenced how she saw and was open to the opportunity; and how, through passion, commitment, dedication and stakeholder management, she created a business that brought meaning to her and others’ lives. Rogan’s vast experience in editing, publishing and radio influenced how she evaluated the bookstore opportunity. For the past 11 years, she focused on building a loyal customer base through knowing her customers, staying on top of current industry and market trends and constantly thinking about how she could add value through minimal financial outlay. COVID-19 further complicated her thinking about how to traditionally market and sell books to her client base. As the case concludes, Rogan wonders how to build upon the foundations of her successful bookshop and grow profitability while remaining true to her and the business’s values. Expected learning outcomes The case allows students to consider the key enablers for assessing entrepreneurial opportunities and drivers of small business growth. Following discussion and analysis of the case, students should be able to: explore how cognitive dynamics affect an entrepreneur’s evaluation of opportunities; analyze the case against the 4Cs (continuity, community, connection and command) of competitive business advantage; evaluate building blocks for sustainable business profitability; and assess and recommend different learnings for entrepreneurs and small business owners. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 7: Management Science.

Women in business in Africa: (Re)claiming our agency

No abstract available.

Introduction

Avon Products employs women as both corporate employees and as sales representatives. Employees receive a salary and work at the office while the representatives are independent contractors who work from home and are paid by commission on their personal sales. Avon Ladies visited the private homes of their customers, cultivating a personalized service integral to the corporate culture. Avon, as a direct sales company, has always sold two products. The first was its line of cosmetics, perfumes, and toiletries as displayed in its catalogs. The second, to which Avon also devoted substantial time and resources, was selling the business opportunity and recruiting women to become Avon Ladies. Avon organized its representatives in city or regional sales offices run by salaried managers, and unlike modern multi-level marketing companies, it did not require representatives to recruit. As a leader in the direct selling industry, Avon occupied an influential position in the twentieth-century conversation about women in business and the value of women’s entrepreneurship.

Limitation of Women Involvement in Business at Seremban, Negeri Sembilan

The phenomenon of low number of women that participated in business compared to men is still becoming the matter in question in this era. Even-though the number of women entrepreneurs had increased, it still does not equivalent to men entrepreneurs. Thus, the main objective of this research is to identify the factors that limit women engagement in business. For the purpose of achieving this studies objective, a cross-sectional design through quantitative method will be used to conduct this study. While the sampling technique that used in this study is purposive sampling technique. This study involved a sample size of 278 respondents from the total population of women entrepreneurs in the area of Seremban, Negeri Sembilan. The findings of the study shown that there are positive significant relationships between all variables and in addition, it is proven that competition is the most influential factors that bring to the limitation of women in business engagement.