Advances in conventional breeding techniques for ornamentals

2020 ◽  
pp. 119-148
Author(s):  
Traud Winkelmann ◽  
◽  
Philipp Braun ◽  
Emmy Dhooghe ◽  
Johan van Huylenbroeck ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Molecular breeding for combating salinity stress in sorghum: progress and prospects.

2021 ◽  
pp. 421-432
Author(s):  
Nidhi Chakma ◽  
Moutoshi Chakraborty ◽  
Salma Bhyan ◽  
Mobashwer Alam
Keyword(s):  
Salt Tolerance ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Molecular Breeding ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Salt Tolerant ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Qtl Validation ◽  
Marker Validation ◽  
Controlled Environments ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Abstract This chapter discusses current progress and prospects of molecular breeding and strategies for developing better saline-tolerant sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) varieties. Most molecular breeding techniques for salt tolerance have been carried out in controlled environments where the plants were not exposed to any variation of the surrounding environment, producing reliable results. Due to the polygenic nature of salt tolerance, the identified quantitative trait loci (QTLs) could be false QTLs. Therefore, QTL validation is important in different plant populations and field conditions. Subsequently, marker validation is important before utilizing marker-assisted selection for screening salt-tolerant plants. Combining molecular breeding with conventional breeding can hasten the development of salt-tolerant sorghum varieties.

DEVELOPING RESISTANT BANANA AND PLANTAIN CULTIVARS THROUGH CONVENTIONAL BREEDING TECHNIQUES

2011 ◽  
pp. 207-213 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Menon ◽  
A. Cherian ◽  
A. Suma ◽  
Maicykutty ◽  
P. Mathew ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Breeding Techniques

The New Genetics

2019 ◽  
pp. 157-187
Author(s):  
Gordon Conway ◽  
Ousmane Badiane ◽  
Katrin Glatzel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Tissue Culture ◽  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Molecular Biology ◽  
Dairy Cattle ◽  
Marker Assisted Selection ◽  
Gene Editing ◽  
Recombinant Dna ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Breeding Techniques

This chapter turns to genetic intensification, which consists of developing crop and livestock crosses that contain genes capable of producing improved yields on a sustainable basis. These crosses often show increased vigor, such that they tend to outperform both parents, although for reasons that are not fully clear. Today, hybrids and crosses are the basis for most improved crop and livestock breeds, including wheat, rice, maize, and dairy cattle. Nevertheless, as has been long recognized, conventional breeding techniques have practical limitations. The application of modern cellular and molecular biology is pursued through four practical techniques: marker-assisted selection, cell and tissue culture, recombinant DNA, and gene editing. The chapter examines the extent to which these interventions contribute to sustainable intensification: improving nutrition, increasing resilience to pests, diseases, and climate change, and improving nitrogen fixation.

Transgene Transfer to United States Commercial Rice Cultivars via Conventional Breeding Techniques

2006 ◽  
Vol 16 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 49-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Q. M. Shao ◽  
M. C. Rush ◽  
M. S. Wu ◽  
D. E. Groth ◽  
M. S. Kang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Breeding Techniques

scholarly journals Micronutrient Biofortification in Rice through New Breeding Techniques (NBTs): Bangladesh Perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 01 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bishajit Sarkar ◽  
Fayza Akter ◽  
Fatema Tuz Johora ◽  
Md. Asad Ullah ◽  
Abdullah Mohammad Shohael
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Engineering ◽  
Genome Editing ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Micronutrient Deficiencies ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Vitamin B9 ◽  
New Breeding Techniques ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Background: Micronutrient deficiencies are serious health issues in developing countries of Asia and Africa, where millions of people are suffering from inadequate micronutrient intake. In Bangladesh, micronutrient deficiencies are found severe due to low income, food habits, and rice-based staple food consumption, (rice has an insufficiency of different types of vitamins and minerals). To lessen micronutrient malnutrition, supplementation has been employed but has not yet reached the goal. Agronomic and genetic biofortification has the potential to address micronutrient deficiencies. Biofortification in Rice grain is a convenient and affordable way to supply the desired micronutrients. The development of micronutrient-rich popular rice cultivars through conventional breeding is currently being harnessed for the limitation of natural resources of the related donor rice cultivars containing the required amount of micronutrients. To overcome these hurdles of conventional breeding, genetic engineering and genome editing have emerged as promising tools of micronutrient biofortification in rice. Methods: Identify the needs and explore the potential strategies by the search for relevant literature known to the authors was carried out to complete this review. Results: Highlighted here the sources, functions, and requirements of iron, zinc, vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B9, and betanin in rice and their biofortification through conventional breeding, genetic engineering, and genome editing including their promises and hindrances. Conclusion: New breeding techniques are timely alternatives for developing nutrient-rich rice cultivars to eliminate hidden hunger and poverty in Bangladesh.

scholarly journals A Cost–Benefit Analysis of DNA Informed Apple Breeding

HortScience ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (11) ◽  
pp. 1998-2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seth D. Wannemuehler ◽  
James J. Luby ◽  
Chengyan Yue ◽  
David S. Bedford ◽  
R. Karina Gallardo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Breeding Program ◽  
Breeding Methods ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Maintenance Costs ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Apple Breeding ◽  
Additional Costs ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Incorporating DNA-informed breeding techniques can improve selection efficiency for desired traits as compared with conventional breeding methods that do not use DNA-informed techniques. Incorporation of DNA technologies requires additional costs associated with reagents, equipment, and labor. To elucidate the cost-effectiveness of DNA-informed breeding in perennial crops with multiple years per generation, we conducted a cost–benefit analysis examining incorporation of marker-assisted selection (MAS), a type of DNA-informed breeding, applied to an apple breeding program. Annual operational costs for a midwest apple breeding program were used to develop a simulation with inputs including itemized costs and per unit costs for procedures at each breeding program stage. Simulations compared costs of MAS breeding techniques to conventional breeding methods to identify the break-even point (BEP) where cost-savings associated with MAS equals the accrued additional costs. Additional sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine changes in laboratory costs, seedling maintenance costs, and seedling evaluation costs. We found the BEP for this program occurs when MAS results in a removal rate of 13.18%, and changes to other costs (i.e., maintenance costs) result in a smaller percent decrease to the overall program budget. Our findings are useful to perennial crop breeding programs in which managers are considering incorporating DNA-informed breeding techniques.

Prospects of Biotechnology in Grape Breeding

2015 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 565-573
Author(s):  
Andekelile Mwamahonje ◽  
Deusdedit Kilambo ◽  
Leon Mrosso ◽  
Tileye Feyissa
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Biotic And Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Bacterial Diseases ◽  
Grape Varieties ◽  
Breeding Techniques ◽  
New Strategies ◽  
Grape Breeding

Genetic improvement of grape cultivars to obtain high quality wine and table grape varieties by conventional breeding methods has been difficult and time consuming. The elite grape varieties developed by conventional breeding techniques have less resistance to fungal and bacterial diseases, drought, quality and yield per plant. Breeding programs of grapes are difficult due to lack of true bred from seed and few traits of importance. Though most grapes constitute large number of genes, they have less effect in tolerating biotic and abiotic stresses. Genetic improvement of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) through application of biotechnological techniques provide new strategies in grape breeding programs based on rapid selection or induction of desired traits by marker assisted breeding, genetic engineering and plant tissue culture. This review paper therefore, aims to discuss biotechnological techniques proposed for improvement of grape breeding.

scholarly journals SOYBEAN (GLYCINE MAX L. MERILL) GENETIC IMPROVEMENT IN ETHIOPIA: A REVIEW

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 189-199
Author(s):  
Besufikad Enideg Getnet
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Improvement ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Production Quality ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Conventional Breeding ◽  
Crop Resistance ◽  
Leguminous Crop ◽  
Glycine Max L ◽  
Breeding Techniques

Soybean is an economically important leguminous crop. Genetic improvements of the crop have focused mainly on enhancement of seed and oil yield, development of varieties suited to different cropping systems and locations, and breeding resistant/tolerant varieties for various biotic and abiotic stresses. The concept surrounding genetic improvement of soybean has the potential to impact all aspects of the crop. Resistance to biotic and abiotic factors have a profound impact on production, quality, crop values and profitability. Plant breeders have used conventional breeding techniques for the improvement of these traits in soybean. The conventional breeding process can be greatly accelerated through the application of molecular and genomic approaches. Since the inception of soybean breeding in Ethiopia in the 1950s a remarkable success has been achieved in increasing its yield and developing varieties which fit in the vast agro-ecology of the country. Even though Ethiopia lags behind many nations from the point of view of productivity of the crop considerable achievements were made possible. The overall success in the breeding program of soybean is reviewed in this article.

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