scholarly journals Connectivism: Learning theory of the future or vestige of the past?

2008 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rita Kop ◽  
Adrian Hill
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
E Learning ◽  
Approach To Teaching ◽  
Class Room ◽  
Traditional Class

Siemens and Downes initially received increasing attention in the blogosphere in 2005 when they discussed their ideas concerning distributed knowledge. An extended discourse has ensued in and around the status of ‘connectivism’ as a learning theory for the digital age. This has led to a number of questions in relation to existing learning theories. Do they still meet the needs of today’s learners, and anticipate the needs of learners of the future? Would a new theory that encompasses new developments in digital technology be more appropriate, and would it be suitable for other aspects of learning, including in the traditional class room, in distance education and e-learning? This paper will highlight current theories of learning and critically analyse connectivism within the context of its predecessors, to establish if it has anything new to offer as a learning theory or as an approach to teaching for the 21st Century.

scholarly journals Decentering the Status Quo : The Rhetorically Sanctioned Political Engagement of Groen van Prinsterer

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 141-159
Author(s):  
Jan Adriaan Schlebusch
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Political Engagement ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
Political Activity ◽  
Narrative Approach ◽  
Constitutional Democracy ◽  
Strategic Framework ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status

Abstract In his strategic political positioning and engagement in the nineteenth century, Groen van Prinsterer looked towards both the past and the future. Rhetorically, he appealed to the past as a vindication of the truth and practicality of his anti-revolutionary position. He also expressed optimism for the success of his convictions and political goals in the future. This optimism was reflected in the confidence with which he engaged politically, despite experiencing numerous setbacks in his career. Relying on the phenomenological-narrative approach of David Carr, I highlight the motives and strategies behind Groen’s political activity, and reveal that the past and the future in Groen’s narrative provide the strategic framework for his rhetoric, and the basis for his activism. I accentuate how the emphasis of his narrative shifts away from the status quo and thus enables a type of political engagement that proved historically significant for the early consolidation of the Dutch constitutional democracy.

Copiers do not collaborate

2014 ◽  
pp. 64-66
Author(s):  
Maurice Alford
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Schools ◽  
Theoretical Foundation ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
The Status ◽  
Part Time

I’ve been teaching since 1973, some in area schools, some in intermediates, but mostly in secondary schools. Throughout my career I have enjoyed studying part-time, and in 2004 I was privileged to spend the year as an e-Fellow. I’m still studying, still reflecting on education in general and teaching in particular, and still very interested in what it means to be working in this space, what it means to be a teacher. In this piece I am therefore writing primarily with my colleagues in mind—I am writing for the classroom practitioners of today who are the teachers of the future. The ideas of connectedness and collaboration that I discuss here are based on what I have learned from my own practice. Built on a firm theoretical foundation, they represent my synthesis of education wisdom and philosophy. They are intended to challenge the status quo and to provoke change, just as the future challenges us to learn from the past but move from the present.

scholarly journals Position Description Analysis: A Method for Describing Academic Roles and Functions

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-56
Author(s):  
K. Edward Renner ◽  
Ronald J. Skibbens
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Status Quo ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
The 1960S ◽  
Year 2000

Similar to the 1960s, higher education is once again in a period of rapid social chance in which new demands and expectations are being made on colleges and universities. This time, however, new money is not available for the transition to be achieved though additional growth. In this paper, the methodology of Position Description Analysis is presented using Dalhousie University as a case study. Position Description Analysis is a tool for assessing the discrepancy between the status quo and the specializations needed for colleges and universities to meet the new demands and expectations which are being made of them. It is concluded that there is a need for dramatic realignement of fields of specialization in order to shift from the emphases of the past to those of the future. However, because the faculty higher in the 1960s are now tenure, but no due to retire until after the year 2000, higher education must find internal strategies for chance or face externally imposed solution to their current lack of flexibility.

scholarly journals THE PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE OF THE CAMBRIDGE LAW JOURNAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (S1) ◽  
pp. S8-S32
Author(s):  
Lionel Bently
Keyword(s):  
Open Access ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
The Past ◽  
Introductory Essay ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
Two Stages

This introductory essay reviews the history of the Journal, divided into two stages: the period from 1921 to 1953; and that from 1954 to today. It examines the changing institutional arrangements, personnel, as well as some of the highlights in the content of the Journal. If there is a theme, it is that the Journal was established by and developed its reputation because of the efforts of many of the outstanding scholars at Cambridge who over the decades offered the outputs of their talents to the Journal; and that the Journal has used that reputation more and more to attract the scholars outside Cambridge – indeed from all over the world. Whatever the aims of those who established the Cambridge Law Journal in 1921, and without much self-consciousness, the Journal incrementally acquired the status and practices of a learned journal. Finally, the essay reflects on the future, in particular the challenges of digitisation, open access and inclusivity.

scholarly journals The Perspective of Therapeutic Antibody Marketing in Iran: Trend and Estimation by 2025

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Monireh Golpour ◽  
Pouya Vatanpour ◽  
Mina Amini ◽  
Majid Saeedi ◽  
Nasim Hafezi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Therapeutic Antibodies ◽  
Medical Sciences ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Status ◽  
Market Outlook ◽  
Market Status ◽  
Future Growth

Background. Monoclonal antibodies with high efficiency and specificity are one of the best strategies to diagnose and treat a variety of diseases such as cancer, autoimmunity, and inflammatory diseases. The market for monoclonal therapeutic antibodies (MTAs) has grown dramatically in the past decade. Objective. Given the importance of these issues, developing countries spend a high cost on importing or producing MTAs annually. This study intends to examine the market of monoclonal therapeutic antibodies in Iran and predict the future growth rate of this market using the obtained data. Methods. Data on the status of MTAs in the country (from 2008 to 2018) were obtained from the Food and Drug Deputy of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. The market status of MTAs was studied based on the dosage forms, application, and price. Then, the market outlook was predicted up to year 2025. Results. The results showed that 58.8% of all MTAs were humanized, and 86% of all antibody-based drugs were used to treat cancer. Sales of MTA-based medications will reach $454 million by 2025 and are projected to grow significantly in the future. Conclusion. Given the increasing technology of the production of MTAs and their use in targeted therapies worldwide, their consumption market in Iran is expected to grow significantly.

scholarly journals Summary and Conclusions

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 ◽  
pp. 325-333
Author(s):  
Bart J. Bok
Keyword(s):  
Fundamental System ◽  
Automatic Measurement ◽  
Reference Points ◽  
Proper Motions ◽  
New Developments ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Future ◽  
Basic Reference ◽  
The Right ◽  
Fundamental Reference

This has been a good Symposium. There obviously is a need to review now the problems of the accepted fundamental reference system of star positions and proper motions. The basic Fourth Fundamental Catalog (FK4) has been the reference catalog for the past 10 years. It needs updating and especially it should be made more directly usable for discussions of positions and motions referred to faint galaxies. In the preparation of the next catalog we should make use of radio galaxies as basic reference points for fixing precision stellar positions. The Symposium came at the right time! Radio Astrometry has burst upon the scene and it is essential that the optical and radio astrometrists should get to know each other and exchange views about the manner in which together we may work towards the establishment of a fundamental system of positions and proper motions more reliable than we have had in the past. There has also been much activity in the area of measuring proper motions of faint stars relative to galaxies and we obviously have to consider the best manner in which these valuable new contributions can be applied most usefully to basic astrometry. Our Symposium was held in the right place! It is high time that we should draw attention to the accomplishments and the future needs of basic southern hemisphere astrometry; Perth, Western Australia, is obviously a good place to discuss such matters. Finally we should discuss questions relating to instrumentation. Over the past decade there has been what could be called a ‘breakthrough’ in instrumentation, not only in the radio area, but also in the more traditional optical area of measurement by transit circles. There have been many new developments in the field of automatic measurement of photographic plates. This was clearly the time to take stock and plan for the future.

PENERAPAN TEORI BELAJAR HUMANISTIK DALAM PEMBELAJARAN

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 105
Author(s):  
Ni Nyoman Perni
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Learning Process ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Educational Systems ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Future Challenge ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Human Identity ◽  
Ideal Form ◽  
The Future

<p>Students are human beings whose human identity as a conscious subject needs to be defended and enforced through educational systems and models that are "free and egalitarian". The future challenge of education is to realize the process of learning democratization. A democratization process that reflects that learning is on children's initiative. To develop so that humans become mature, it is not enough if they are only trained, but also must be educated. Students must be educated for realists, recognize a life that is multidimensional, not uniform and invited to live a complementary diversity. Whereas in training, what is primarily formed is outward behavior. This learning theory talks more about the concepts of education to shape human beings who are aspired to, and about the learning process in its most ideal form. In other words, this theory is more interested in the notion of learning in its most ideal form than the understanding of the learning process as it is, as has been studied by other learning theories. In its implementation, this humanistic theory, among others, also appears in the learning approach proposed by Ausubel.</p>

Pedagogical Agents in Online Learning

2011 ◽  
pp. 699-704
Author(s):  
Kevin Carmody ◽  
Zane Berge
Keyword(s):  
Learning Theory ◽  
Cognitive Learning ◽  
Learning Theories ◽  
Pedagogical Agents ◽  
Learning Mechanisms ◽  
Learning Mechanism ◽  
Instructional Role ◽  
Online Classrooms ◽  
Processing Information ◽  
E Learning

Lack of personalization and individualized attention are common issues facing distance education designers and instructors. This is a particularly important deficiency as research has shown that personalization can increase learning greatly in comparison to nonpersonalized, information to student, linear instruction (Clark & Mayer, 2003). Advocates of personalization cite cognitive learning theory as the basis for such an approach; when humans communicate with one another they are continuously processing information, either assimilating or disregarding data and forming an understanding of the information in context of the environment and of the person with whom they are interacting. This is a natural learning mechanism that cognitive learning theories state is the foundation for all deep and lasting instruction (Hein, 1991). Through an engagement of the natural learning mechanisms, or cognitive structures, an individual should be capable of learning efficiently and form a more thorough understanding of a topic. Personalization of text through the use of informal speech and the inclusion of virtual coaches known as pedagogical agents are used as personalizing devices. These are particularly relevant options in the design of nonmoderated e-learning, as personalization is meant to fill the void where the instructor once stood. There are exclusions however, as pedagogical agents have been used in “traditional” online classrooms as well. This article focuses on the use of pedagogical agents in e-learning that: -Provides information on pedagogical agents strengths and weaknesses -Provides research relevant to pedagogical agents instructional role -Provides examples of current use -Discusses possibilities of future implementation.

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