scholarly journals Energy-demographic history of the modern civilization

POPULATION ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 142-153
Author(s):  
Vladimir Tetelmin
Keyword(s):  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Energy Production ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
World Population ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
Safe Level ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

The continuous increase in human energy production per caput is accompanied by an increase in the world population. The work considers the demographic history of civilization as a function of the growing production and use of the energy by mankind. The evolution in the «energy-man» system took place relatively safely for the biosphere and a man up to the value of the per caput energy consumption of 11,000 kW*h/year*person that was achieved by civilization in 1950. Modern high per caput energy consumption of civilization is achieved at the cost of the loss of the environment-forming functioning by the biosphere and at the cost of the loss of the psychophysical health of a person. We can see the prospects for development of civilization through analysis of the energy-demographic history of mankind over the past 200 years. The features of fertility and mortality in the world are considered depending on the per caput energy consumption with a forecast for the future. Two limits to the growth of global energy production were formulated in terms of preventing harm to humans. Corresponding analytical dependencies are proposed. To prevent an ecological and demographic catastrophe and ensure transition of civilization to sustainable development, it is proposed to reduce the world energy production to 140*1012 kW*h/year with a decrease in per caput energy consumption to a relatively safe level of 18,000 kW*h/year*person, which existed in society in 1970. After this «step back» civilization will enter a state of relatively safe existence.

scholarly journals An Optimization Scheme Based on Fuzzy Logic Control for Efficient Energy Consumption in Hydroponics Environment

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Azimbek Khudoyberdiev ◽  
Shabir Ahmad ◽  
Israr Ullah ◽  
DoHyeun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Fuzzy Logic ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Objective Function ◽  
Fuzzy Logic Control ◽  
World Population ◽  
Optimization Scheme ◽  
Efficient Energy ◽  
Logic Control ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

As the world population is increasing rapidly, food and water demands are the most crucial problem for humanity. In some areas of the world, water or environment is unsuitable for plant growth; hydroponic systems can provide a suitable environment for crop production with effective management of natural resources. Internet of Things paradigm based automated systems has been creating an excellent opportunity for monitoring and controlling agriculture by minimizing the cost and maximizing the profit significantly over the past decade. The reduction of the cost can be achieved by sufficient usage of resources and setting up optimum operational parameters for agricultural devices. This paper presents an optimization scheme with novel objective function for hydroponics environment parameters management with efficient energy consumption. The proposed approach provides optimal energy and resource utilization in the hydroponics system with setting up a working level and operational duration to the actuators. We have developed an optimization scheme with objective function for optimal humidity and water level control based on fuzzy logic, which can support the optimal measurement for crop growth with energy efficiency. Fuzzy logic control is applied for the compromise between actuators working level and operational duration. A real hydroponics environment has been implemented and presented to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. It can be assessed through the simulation results that the optimization module achieves a signification reduction (18%) in energy consumption as compared to the other scheme.

scholarly journals Soft Touch or Heavy Hand? Legislative Approaches for Preventing Invasions: Insights from Cacti in South Africa

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 307-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Novoa ◽  
Haylee Kaplan ◽  
Sabrina Kumschick ◽  
John R. U. Wilson ◽  
David M. Richardson
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Invasive Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Economic Impacts ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Global Awareness ◽  
Significant Control ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Cost

AbstractThe rate of transportation, introduction, dissemination, and spread of nonnative species is increasing despite growing global awareness of the extent and impact of biological invasions. Effective policies are needed to prevent an increase in the significant negative environmental and economic impacts caused by invasive species. Here we explore this issue in the context of the history of invasion and subsequent regulation of cacti introduced to South Africa. We consider seven approaches to restricting trade by banning the following: (1) species already invasive in the region, (2) species invasive anywhere in the world, (3) species invasive anywhere in the world with a climate similar to the target region, (4) genera containing invasive species, (5) growth forms associated with invasiveness, (6) cacti with seed characteristics associated with invasiveness, and (7) the whole family. We evaluate each approach on the basis of the availability and complexity of information required for implementation, including the cost of the research needed to acquire such information, the likely numbers of false positives and false negatives, the likely degree of public acceptance, and the costs of implementation. Following a consultative process, we provide recommendations for how to regulate nonnative cacti in South Africa. The simplest option would be to ban all cacti, but available evidence suggests that most species pose negligible risk of becoming invasive, making this option unreasonable. The other extreme—reactively regulating species once they are invasive—would incur significant control costs, likely result in significant environmental and economic impacts, and limit management goals (e.g., eradication might be unfeasible). We recommended an intermediate option—the banning of all genera containing invasive species. This recommendation has been partly incorporated in South African regulations. Our study emphasizes the importance of scientific research, a legal framework, and participation of stakeholders in assessments. This approach builds awareness, trust, and support, and ensures that all interests are reflected in final regulations, making them easier to implement and enforce.

scholarly journals PREVENTION OF Β THALASSEMIA IN NORTHERN ISRAEL - A COST-BENEFIT ANALYSIS.

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. e2014012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ariel Koren ◽  
Lora Profeta ◽  
Luci Zalman ◽  
Haya Palmor ◽  
Carina Levin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention Program ◽  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Iron Chelation ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Thalassemia Major ◽  
World Population ◽  
Blood Transfusions ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Background:β Thalassemia major is characterized by hemolytic anemia, ineffectiveerythropoiesis and hemosiderosis. About 4 % of the world population carries a Thalassemiagene. Management includes blood transfusions and iron chelation, this treatmentis costly and population screening may be significantly more cost benefit. Purpose: Thepurpose of the current study is to analyze the cost of running a preventionprogram for β Thalassemia in Israel and compare it to the actual expensesincurred by treating Thalassemia patients. Methods: Threecost parameters were analyzed and compared: The prevention program, routinetreatment of patients and treatment of complications. An estimation of theexpenses needed to treat patients that present with complications werecalculated based on our ongoing experience in treatment of deterioratingpatients. Results andConclusions: The cost of preventing one affected newborn was $63,660 comparedto $1,971,380 for treatment of a patient during 50 years (mean annual cost:  $39,427). Thus, the prevention of 45 affectednewborns over a ten years period represents a net saving of $88.5 million tothe health budget. Even after deducting the cost of the prevention program ($413.795/yr.), the program still represents abenefit of $ 76 million over ten years. Each prevented case could pay thescreening and prevention program for 4.6 ys.

scholarly journals Nicotine stomatitis in smokers: a case report

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 58
Author(s):  
Doni MS. Prabowo ◽  
Haris B. Widodo
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Medical History ◽  
Smokeless Tobacco ◽  
Hard Palate ◽  
World Population ◽  
Minor Salivary Glands ◽  
White Spots ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Objective: The aim of this study is to describe and analyse nicotine stomatitis in smokers. Of the world population that consumes tobacco, Asia and Australia make up 57% of tobacco consumers. Tobacco can be consumed by various ways such as smoked tobacco, commonly known as cigarettes, or smokeless tobacco. Cigarettes are known to cause nicotine stomatitis in the oral cavity.Methods: A 28-year-old man patient came with complaints of white spots on his hard palate. The patient has a medical history of asthma as a child and has been taking salbutamol. The patient has been smoking 3 packs of cigarettes a day since being 16 years old.Results: Nicotine stomatitis that occurs on the hard palate appears as circular reddish shapes on the orifice of minor salivary glands. These lesions are formed from physically irritation caused by smoking. The lesions were benign and reversible.Conclusion: Thought appropriate examination and treatment, these lesions were healed.

scholarly journals Underground coal gasification technology impact on coal reserves in Colombia

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (35) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
John William Rosso Murillo
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Coal Gasification ◽  
Underground Coal Gasification ◽  
World Energy ◽  
The World ◽  
Coal Reserves ◽  
Gasification Technology ◽  
Available Volume

<p>In situ coal gasification technology (Underground Coal Gasification–UCG–) is an alternative to the traditional exploitation, due to it allows to reach the today’s inaccessible coal reserves’ recovery, to conventional mining technologies. In this article I answer the question on how the today’s reserves available volume, can be increased, given the possibility to exploit further and better the same resources. Mining is an important wealth resource in Colombia as a contributor to the national GDP. According with the Energy Ministry (Ministerio de Minas y Energía) [1] mining has been around 5% of total GDP in the last years. This is a significant fact due to the existence of a considerable volume of reserves not accounted for (proved reserves at year 2010 were 6.700 million of tons. Source: INGEOMINAS and UPME), and the coal future role’s prospect, in the world energy production.</p>

scholarly journals Historical perspective and initial conditions

2019 ◽  
pp. 7-28
Author(s):  
Deepak Nayyar
Keyword(s):  
World Economy ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Social Indicators ◽  
World Population ◽  
Asian Countries ◽  
Colonial Era ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of ◽  
Future Outcomes

This chapter provides a historical perspective on Asia in the world economy with a focus on the colonial era, and sketches a profile of the prevalent initial conditions when Asian countries became independent. Two centuries ago, Asia accounted for two-thirds of world population and almost three-fifths of world income. Its decline and fall during the colonial era, associated with deindustrialization, was attributable to its integration with the world economy, through trade and investment, driven by imperialism. Fifty years ago, then, Asia was the poorest continent in the world. Its even worse demographic and social indicators of development epitomized its underdevelopment. Such initial conditions were the starting point in its journey to development. But most Asian countries did have a long history of well-structured states, and cultures, which were not entirely destroyed by colonialism. Their different pasts, embedded in histories albeit shaped by colonial legacies, also influenced future outcomes in development.

scholarly journals ВОСТОЧНЫЙ ВЕКТОР СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВА РОССИИ СО СТРАНАМИ АЗИАТСКО-ТИХООКЕАНСКОГО РЕГИОНА В ЭНЕРГЕТИЧЕСКОЙ СФЕРЕ

2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 15-29
Author(s):  
Irina V. Filimonova ◽  
Vasily Yu. Nemov ◽  
Irina V. Provornaya ◽  
Anastasia V. Chebotareva
Keyword(s):  
Energy Production ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Transport Infrastructure ◽  
Asia Pacific ◽  
Pipeline Transport ◽  
Asia Pacific Region ◽  
The World ◽  
Gas Markets ◽  
The Cost

В статье проанализирована роль Азиатско-Тихоокеанского региона в экспорте нефти и газа из России. Оценен экспортный потенциал восточных регионов России. Уделено внимание транспортной инфраструктуре экспортного назначения, охарактеризован трубопроводный транспорт на востоке России, проанализирована доля объёма транспортировки углеводородов в совокупном производстве энергоносителей в России. Изучена динамика изменения стоимостной структуры экспортируемых энергоносителей из России. Авторами исследована также структура потребления и производства энергоносителей в странах АТР, Северной Америки и Европы. Отдельно рассмотрены мировые рынки нефти и газа, а также перспективы сотрудничества со странами АТР в энергетической сфере. The article analyzes the role of the Asia-Pacific region in the export of oil and gas from Russia. The export potential of the eastern regions of Russia was evaluated, attention was also paid to transport infrastructure for export, pipeline transport in the east of Russia was characterized, the share of hydrocarbon transportation in the total energy production in Russia was analyzed. The dynamics of changes in the cost structure of exported energy from Russia was studied. The authors also investigated the structure of energy consumption and production in the Asia-Pacific countries, North America and Europe. The world oil and gas markets, as well as the prospects for cooperation with the Asia-Pacific countries in the energy sector were separately considered.

scholarly journals Smart Energy Consumption Could Preserve Natural Resources

ICR Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 420-422
Author(s):  
Shahino Mah Abdullah
Keyword(s):  
Developing Countries ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Cold Weather ◽  
World Population ◽  
Standards Of Living ◽  
The World ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
United Nation

Energy plays an important role in our lives. It comes in several forms which can be utilised to keep people warm during cold weather, provide foods, improve transportation, and increase productivity. When energy is utilised efficiently, it brings great comfort to our lives. However, energy consumption has been increasing in recent decades as the world population keeps growing. According to a United Nation (UN) report, the current world population of 7.4 billion is projected to increase by 1 billion over the next 10 years and reach 9.6 billion by 2050. Besides population, the standards of living for many people in developing countries is increasing, which in turn results in growing energy demand.

scholarly journals The Global History of Inequality

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 309-323
Author(s):  
Pim de Zwart
Keyword(s):  
Economic History ◽  
Demographic History ◽  
Economic Inequality ◽  
Global Scale ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Occupy Movement ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
The Us ◽  
The World ◽  
History Of

Inequality has increased in most Western countries since the early 1980s. In a recent report, the international non-governmental organization Oxfam noted that the twenty-six richest people in the world own as much wealth as the poorest fifty per cent of the world's population. Discontent with the growing disparities in wealth and income has soared in recent years, especially in the wake of the 2007/2008 financial crisis and the “Great Recession” that followed. The Occupy movement protested against the greed of the “one per cent”, referring to the highly skewed income distribution in the US. Former US president Barack Obama proclaimed the growth of within-country economic inequality as “the defining challenge of our time”. Yet, he enacted few policies that reduced inequality during his two terms in office; the Gini coefficient in the US actually increased slightly between 2007 and 2016. His successor, whose election has often been explained as a consequence of these high levels of inequality, has slashed taxes for the wealthy, probably causing further rises in inequality in the future. In this essay, I will review two recent economic history books that examine the historical roots of within-country inequality on a global scale: Branko Milanovic's Global Inequality (2016) and Walter Scheidel's The Great Leveler (2017). Formerly a lead economist at the World Bank, Milanovic is a well-known scholar working in the field of economic inequality, while Scheidel has a background as a specialist in the economic, social, and demographic history of antiquity.

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