Retrospection of Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on the sustainability in contemporary scientific literature 2015 to 2020

As the nations united for urgent solutions during urgent times as per the direction of United Nation on Sustainability Development Goals (SDGs), the present study attempts to explore the existing literature reviews on KAP towards sustainability in various sectors. People wish to adopt to the sustainability in order to chime in with the nature and its systems as it will contribute positively to them. Research papers related to this study are gathered from the potential sources, organised and sequenced to understand the most, moderate and least addresses sector. Within the review the researcher provides a snapshot of the methodology and findings of each study. The sectors to be focused more in the future studies are agriculture, construction and banking.

Application of knockdown technology for wooden bow arch bridges

The use of wood as a construction material for simple bridges has begun to be abandoned and switch to concrete or steel bridges with considerations of durability and structural strength. However, from an ecological perspective, wood is still the most renewable material by nature itself. Returning to ecologic natural materials is an issue of the United Nation that needs to be supported by educational institutions. This community service begins with determining the span and height of the bridge, followed by planning and calculating the strength of the material. The parts of the bridge are manufactured in the workshop of the Civil Engineering Department, Samarinda State Polytechnic. The assembly and erection processes are carried out in the field. The uniqueness of this program is in the application of the wooden arc bridge model with a raft unloading system by presenting an attractive aesthetic, so that it is hoped that it can again become an option in determining the type of bridge for users.

The International responsibility of Israeli Occupation for Natural Resources Exploitation in Palestinian Territories: المسؤولية الدوليّة للاحتلال الإسرائيليّ عن استغلال الثّروات الطبيعيّة في الأراضي الفلسطينيّة

The Israeli Occupation tends from the first moment of occupying Palestinian lands to seize and loot all the natural wealth and resources depriving the Palestinians of exploitation them and sovereignty on them by its executive, legislative and military policies despite INALIENABLE RIGHT in the rules of international law and the resolutions United Nations that caused severe effects and damages on the Palestinians. After the General Assembly of the United Nations recognition of the state of occupied Palestine on 29/11/2012 and becoming an observer member state which is considered as a very important step to put The State of Palestine in the frame of international law which enables it to join international entities that are under the United Nation system; joining Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court; It opens the way for the prosecution of the Israeli occupation for its multiple crimes such seizing and wasting the Palestinian natural wealth and to demand compensation for the full damage caused to wealth, the loss of profit and income on the Palestinian state; They are the axes that the research aims to shed light on.

Energy Performance Simulation in Buildings Composed of Natural and Organic Materials Within the Moroccan Rural Areas of the Atlas Mountains

The construction field uses up over one-third of the global energy consumption and contribute to 40% of CO2 emissions according to the International Energy Agency (IEA) and the 2020 annual reporter of United Nation, Goal 11 (Make cities inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable) which discusses sustainable, safe and efficient buildings. Therefore, Morocco has a commitment to this program by publishing the law 47-09 of energy efficiency. This work aims to study the energy efficiency of two types of building, a conventional and a natural building. Conventional building is constructed using concrete, while the natural one uses sand clay and straws. As for the technique of making the natural building, it perpetually follows the same approach accustomed in rural zones of Atlas Mountains in Morocco. In this research we also simulate, temperature and humidity variation inside these buildings using TRNSYS software. Sketch Up software was employed to design these houses. The weather database is used for a typical meteorological year (TMY). In the case of natural building, many building configurations were simulated: roof insulation, floor insulation, different types of glazing and sun protection. What's more, the thermal comfort is revealed to be more conspicuous in the case of natural building.

Freedom of Speech and Expression versus the glorification of acts of terrorism: Defining limits in the Indian context

Freedom of speech and expression is one of the essential rights for humans; however, some people in the guise of right to freedom of speech and expression glorify the acts of terrorism. In India, there are several laws making certain speeches punishable, but these laws fail to take into consideration speeches that glorify terrorists or acts of terrorism. The objective of this article is to examine the scope of provisions or laws that may be introduced to prohibit speech glorifying acts of terrorism in India while maintaining a balance with the right to freedom of speech and expression granted under the Constitution of India, 1950. This article attempts to assess United Nation Security Council Resolution 1624 and laws enacted in the wake of terrorist attacks in European countries such as the United Kingdom and France, and how they deal with speech that glorifies terrorism. This article also discusses case laws on glorification of terrorism of the European Court of Human Rights.

High Order Spatial Weighting Matrix Using Google Trends

This research aimed to form a high-order spatial weighting matrix based on various simulations. The simulation was the determination of the center of the country based on the capital and google trend data. The keywords that have been used in the Google Trends data are "gold price" and "deposit". These keywords have been translated into 6 official languages of the United Nation including Arabic, Chinese, English, French, Russian, and Spanish. Each language has been represented by 1 country. The determination of the country center that has been used based on the capital as well as keywords and time influenced the form of the high-order spatial weighting matrix. In simulations 1, 2, 4, and 5 the highest spatial order formed was 6. It was different with simulations 3, 6, and 7 the highest spatial order formed was 5. Keywords: language, simulation, gold price, deposit.

Historical Comparison of Sovereignty in International Law

The current article aims to study on the concept of sovereignty in international law. To this end, sovereignty is historically examined and compared in different legal doctrines. In fact, there is a verity of legal theories on the formulation and conceptualization of sovereignty. The dominant perspective of the contemporary legal doctrines sees sovereignty as wornout and outdated concept which belongs to classical legal doctrines. This article argues such accounts and shows how the concept of sovereignty survived through historically legal developments and has still been influential in the sphere of international law. Although the main legal events comprising Westphalian truce, world wars, the foundation of United Nation organization and so on have changed the nature and content of sovereignty in the history of international law, it has remained as a fundamental principle of international law. The lack of correct understanding of this concept can reinforce the obstacles for legal modeling and doctrines. So, through such a historical comparison, the research elaborates the reconceptualization process in the concept of sovereignty and elucidates how sovereignty means in the contemporary international law and how this concept defined by the modern legal doctrine influences international law and globally affects the legal order among states. Discussing the different legal doctrines on the concept of sovereignty in different historical periods, the article reveals the present considerations on sovereignty in contemporary international law.

Stellungnahme

Zum Beitrag: Der Hype um Cannabidiol und Hanf – auf der Suche nach klaren Regeln und realistischen RichtwertenDer Beitrag von Niermann et al. 1 zu realistischen Grenzwerten widerspricht im Grunde nicht dem, was wir in unserem Artikel „Ist Cannabidiol ein Lebensmittel oder ein Arzneimittel?“ gesagt haben 2. Die Ausführungen zur Toxizität von CBD und den Grenzwertberechnungen sind nachvollziehbar. Interessant ist das Urteil des BGH vom 24.3.2021, das uns zum Zeitpunkt der Manuskripterstellung nicht vorlag. Wenn dieses Urteil richtig wiedergegeben wurde, dann steht es im direkten Widerspruch zur Formulierung des BtMG, das dann aus unserer Sicht geändert werden müsste. Hier geht es um die aus dem Gesetz ableitbare Aussage, dass auch Nutzhanf nicht an Endverbraucher abgegeben werden darf. Trotz BGH-Urteil verspricht dies also noch weitere Diskussionen. Zu bedenken ist vor dem Hintergrund der aktuellen Liberalisierungsdebatte auch, dass das deutsche BtMG vor dem Hintergrund der „United Nation Convention on Psychotropic Substances“ von 1971 zu sehen ist, Deutschland also die internationale Vereinbarung nicht einseitig abändern kann.

Conceptualizing Humane Buying and Its Role in Reducing Rural Farmers’ Vulnerability in a Post-Pandemic Era

While several studies have examined the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on smallholder rural farmers and possible efforts to scale up their livelihood and food security, the role of consumers’ buying orientation in addressing farmers’ vulnerability in the post-pandemic era has not been explored. The paper, therefore, aims to propose and conceptualize humane buying orientation, and further explore its role in attenuating smallholder rural farmers’ vulnerability in the new normal. The qualitative design approach has been employed in two different studies. Collected data were analyzed using the SPSS 23.0 and following the interpretative phenomenological analysis. Findings validate humane buying as an altruistic orientation that will contribute to lessening the vulnerability of smallholder rural farmers in the post-pandemic era. It also shows that an enlarged-stakeholders’ (government, international agencies, corporate bodies, institutions, privileged individuals/consumers, religious organizations, etc.) effort that is rooted in morality and empathy, is required to successfully tackle the vulnerability of smallholder rural farmers, especially in developing countries such as Nigeria. The study is the first to propose, conceptualize and validate humane buying as a post-Covid-19 orientation that is capable of attenuating the vulnerability of smallholder rural farmers which has been worsened by the pandemic. The paper contributes to the understanding of emerging strategic actions required for the attainment of the United Nation’s sustainable development goals - ending poverty and hunger by 2030, and how consumers can play a key role.

Patterns of responses to COVID-19 in selected Latin American countries

The article analyses structural and context constraints and opportunities faced by Latin America in the battle against the Covid-19 pandemic. We argue that the number of deaths (and related statistics, such as number of infected or number of tests) as a proportion of the countries’ populations is an important but insufficient measure of the effectiveness of each country’s responses to the SARS-CoV-2. We test the correlation of deaths with typical structural constraints (Gross domestic product, United Nation – Human Development Index, Gini index, expenditure in health, children’s mortality rate, informality rate), and find that between countries’ differences in these measures do not help to understand the number of deaths per million inhabitants. We then move to a more in-depth analysis of 11 selected Latin American countries to show that those that chose collective responsibility (a notion developed in the article) in the management of the responses to the crisis, and that could coordinate the actions of different governing levels, fared much better than those that chose individual responsibility and low levels of coordination, irrespective of existing structural constraints.