scholarly journals Iniuria post mortem testatoris w prawie rzymskim okresu klasycznego w świetle koncepcji iniuria indirecta

Prawo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 321 ◽  
pp. 11-28
Author(s):  
Dobromiła Nowicka
Keyword(s):  
Roman Law ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Specific Behaviour ◽  
Indirect Injury ◽  
Injured Party

Iniuria post mortem testatoris in Roman law of the classical period in the light of the concept of iniuria indirectaThe aim of the article is to analyse regulations concerning injury to personality associated with deeds committed directly against acorpse, funeral rites or atestator’s reputation. The author’s reflections focus on the classification of these infringements as indirect injury to the testator’s reputation as proposed in the doctrine. Apart from undeniable shared features of iniuria post mortem testatoris and other cases of iniuria indirecta, we can point to significant differences stemming primarily from alack of possibility — even if only potential — of direct iniuria if adeed is committed against a corpse or the testator’s reputation. This feature, in turn, seems to be present in all other cases classified as indirect iniuria. It should also be stressed that in the case of iniuria post mortem testatoris it is impossible to apply any of the criteria indicated as the basis for regarding specific behaviour as aslight to the reputation not only directly of the injured party but also other individuals whose reputation is injured only indirectly as aresult of the perpetrator’s actions.Iniuria post mortem testatoris nach römischem Recht der klassischen Periode im Hinblick auf das Konzept der iniuria indirectaIn dem Artikel wurden Textfragmente analysiert, die die Verletzung der Persönlichkeit aufgrund der Handlungen betreffen, die sich direkt gegen den Leichnam, die Trauerfeierlichkeiten oder den Ruf des Nachlassgebers richten. Die in der Doktrin vorgeschlagene Qualifikation, derartige Verletzungen für eine indirekte Verletzung des guten Rufs des Nachlassgebers zu halten, stellt den Kern der Überlegungen dar. Außer den gemeinsamen Merkmalen der iniuria post mortem testatoris und der anderen Fälle der iniuria indirecta, können weitgehende Unterschiede genannt werden, die sich vor allem daraus ergeben, dass es keine, auch eine potentielle Möglichkeit einer direkten iniuria in Bezug auf den Leichnam oder den guten Ruf des Nachlassgebers gibt. Und dieses Merkmal wiederum scheint in sämtlichen anderen Fällen aufzutreten, die als indirekte iniuria gelten. Hervorzuheben ist auch, dass kein der Kriterien, die als Grundlage gelten, ein bestimmtes Verhalten für ein den guten Ruf nicht nur des direkt Benachteiligten verletzendes zu erklären, aber auch einer anderen Person, deren Reputation infolge der Handlungen des Täters lediglich indirekt verletzt wird, im Falle einer iniuria post mortem testatoris Anwendung findet.

6. Interests in Property

2020 ◽  
pp. 153-180
Author(s):  
Paul J. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Legal Order ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Profound Impact ◽  
Legal Rules ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The World ◽  
Ownership Rights ◽  
Legal Consequences

This chapter deals primarily with the various interests that could be acquired in property, particularly ownership, rights to servitudes, and possession. The Roman law of property is one of the lasting and important legacies of their legal order and has had a profound impact upon modern legal systems across the world. This chapter begins by considering the Roman classification of property. This was the intellectual starting point in the teaching manuals preserved from the classical period of Roman law. The purpose of this exercise in classification was to demonstrate that certain objects fell outside the sphere of private ownership. Apart from issues of classification, this chapter deals primarily with the various interests that could be acquired in property, particularly ownership, limited real rights over the property of others, such as rights to servitudes, and possession. It deals with the legal rules governing these institutions and their interrelationships. In theory, the interests in property may be divided into two broad categories, namely legal interests (ownership and limited real rights) and factual interests (possession). While such a division is useful, it should not be seen as absolute, since possession, though largely a question of fact, could also have certain legal consequences. But first the Roman classification of property must be considered.

scholarly journals La muerte del príncipe Don Juan. Exequias y duelo en Córdoba y Sevilla durante el otoño de 1497 = The Death of Prince Juan. Funeral Rites and Mourning in Cordoba and Seville during the Autumn of 1497

2018 ◽  
pp. 107
Author(s):  
Margarita Cabrera Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Early Death ◽  
Post Mortem ◽  
Don Juan ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Unpublished Information

La finalidad de este trabajo es estudiar las circunstancias de la muerte del príncipe don Juan, los ritos post mortem y las ceremonias fúnebres que tuvieron lugar en Córdoba y Sevilla. Además, nos hemos detenido a analizar cómo pudieron transcurrir los primeros años de su vida y su adolescencia, ya que los testimonios consultados revelan una salud frágil, que, probablemente, pudo precipitar su temprano fallecimiento. Las numerosas fuentes a las que hemos tenido acceso nos han permitido obtener datos inéditos sobre el ceremonial funerario, las manifestaciones de duelo y el volumen de gastos al que tuvieron que hacer frente los concejos de Córdoba y Sevilla para despedir, como la ocasión merecía, al príncipe heredero.  The purpose of this paper is to study the circumstances of the death of prince Juan, the post mortem rites and the funeral ceremonies that took place in Cordoba and Seville. In addition, we have analysed how the first years of his life and adolescence may have taken place, since the testimonies consulted reveal a fragile health that probably could have determined his early death. The numerous sources to which we have had access allowed us to obtain unpublished information on the funerary ceremonial, the demonstrations of mourning and the level of expenditure that was assumed by the councils of Cordoba and Seville to pay their last respects to the heir prince.

Roman Law

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clifford Ando
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Late Antiquity ◽  
Legal History ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
National Context ◽  
Historical Factors ◽  
Medieval Europe ◽  
Contemporary Study

Roman law has been a system of practice and field of academic study for some 2,400 years. Today, the field enjoys unprecedented diversity in terms of linguistic, disciplinary, and national context. However, the contours of contemporary study are the product of complex and imbricated historical factors: the non-codification by the Romans of the classical period of their own public law; solutions taken in the classical period and later to resolve conflicts among sources of law of very different antiquity; the codification in late antiquity of academic jurisprudence regarding private law; the on-going prestige of Roman civil law in medieval and late medieval Europe, which made it a resource for analogical argumentation in both public and international law; and much else besides. This chapter evaluates the contribution made by some of these factors to Roman legal history as a contemporary endeavour, with an eye to its future.

scholarly journals Mandatum incertum w klasycznym prawie rzymskim

1994 ◽  
Vol 37 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 223-248
Author(s):  
Franciszek Longchamps de Bérier
Keyword(s):  
Strong Evidence ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Main Question ◽  
Byzantine Era

Mandatum incertum occurs when the terms of this consensual contract are left imprecise by the mandator. The article focuses on the essential determination of the object for the validity of the mandate, therefore the main question is whether mandatum incertum was not unknown to the classical jurists, as there is no doubt it was not void in the Byzantine era. The problem was broadly discussed by several authors, i.e., V. Arangino-Ruiz, G. Donatuti, G. Longo, A. Watson and N. Scapini, though no general agreement among modem jurists was achieved. It seems that terms of mandate are not the same as fines mandati. Fines mandati are not only the intrinsic restrictions given by the mandator, but the purpose to be achived as well. Yes, this purpose could be express or implied, then egressio mandati takes place only when the express boundaries are transgressed. The thorough analysis of relevant classical sources in the full context of the institution allows to state that there is no reason to allege that mandatum incertum was considered invalid in the classical period of Roman law. The strong evidence has been shown that classical jurists recognized mandates with terms left to the discretion of the mandatary. However, the mandatary should execute a commission in favour of the mandator’s interesse and this conduct is estimated according to the boni viri arbitratus.

1. Introduction: Rome—A Historical Sketch

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-24
Author(s):  
Paul J. du Plessis
Keyword(s):  
Eighth Century ◽  
Archaic Period ◽  
Sixth Century ◽  
Roman Law ◽  
Classical Period ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Roman Society ◽  
History Of ◽  
Historical Sketch

This chapter provides a historical sketch of Rome. It has been written to provide a contextual basis for the study of Roman private law. The history of Rome is traditionally divided into three main periods based on the dominant constitutional structure in Roman society during these three periods. These are the Monarchy (eighth century bc–510 bc), Republic (509–27 bc), and Empire (27 bc–ad 565). Scholars of Roman law tend to refine this division even further. Thus, to the scholar of Roman law, the period from the founding of Rome in the eighth century bc–c. 250 bc is regarded as the ‘archaic’ period of Roman law. The period thereafter, from c. 250 bc–27 bc, is generally described as the ‘pre-classical period’ of Roman law.For scholars of Roman law, the ‘classical’ period, c. first three centuries AD, and the Justinianic period, c. sixth century AD, are the most important, owing to the compilation of ‘classical’ Roman law by order the Byzantine Emperor, Justinian, in the sixth century.

8. Breach of contract

2019 ◽  
pp. 346-396
Author(s):  
Robert Merkin ◽  
Séverine Saintier
Keyword(s):  
Case Law ◽  
Breach Of Contract ◽  
Contractual Obligation ◽  
Anticipatory Breach ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Injured Party ◽  
Legal Consequences ◽  
Selection Of ◽  
A Performance

The Casebook series provides a comprehensive selection of case law that addresses all aspects of the subject encountered on undergraduate courses. The performance obligations of the parties to a contract are determined by contractual terms. A breach of contract arises when a party fails to fully comply with a performance obligation, without lawful excuse. If a contractual obligation is strict, failure to comply constitutes a breach of contract regardless of fault. Subject to an enforceable exemption clause, the injured party is entitled to damages to compensate for the loss suffered as a result of the breach. This chapter focuses on breach of contract and its legal consequences. It discusses the election on repudiatory breach, termination or affirmation of a contract, the classification of terms: conditions, warranties and innominate or intermediate terms, the ‘entire obligation rule’, and anticipatory breach.

IC-P-057: CLASSIFICATION OF PATHOLOGY USING BRAIN SUBSTRUCTURE VOLUMES IN POST MORTEM CONFIRMED DEMENTIAS

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. P32-P33
Author(s):  
Lorna Harper ◽  
Emma Burton ◽  
Femke H. Bouwman ◽  
Annemieke Rozemuller ◽  
Frederik Barkhof ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Post Mortem

scholarly journals Kontribusi Pemikiran Nahwu Imam Sibawaih dan Ibrahim Mushtafa dalam Linguistik Arab

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Andi Holilulloh
Keyword(s):  
Classical Period ◽  
Comparative History ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Modern Arabic

This paper analyses the development of Arabic Syntax, starting from classical period up to modern one which is intuitively synthesis-pragmatic. The epistemology of classical and modern Arabic syntax is focused on the thoughts of Imam Sibawaih and Ibrahim Mu??afa to represent each A�jam and �Arab. This research uses the method of epistemology-comparative-history with procedure of intertext analysis. Method used by classical figures to compile Na?wu are sama?i, qiyasi, ijma�, ta?lil, ta'wil, isti?san and isti??ab with both philosophical and theological approaches. Meanwhile, methods used by modern figures in compiling Na?wu is tan?iriyyah and ta?biqiyyah. This research confirms what researchers explain that the contribution of Sibawaih to the development of Na?wu lays on the classification of i�rab for noun (ism) into raf �, na?b and khafd. This so-established theory is simplified by Ibrahim Mu??afa who says that i?rab consists of dammah and kasrah. He does not take fathah into account of i'rab.

scholarly journals THE SPECIFICITY OF THE CERAMIC COMPLEXES ISOLATED BURIAL GROUPS NO. 1-4 NORTHERN SECTION OF THE PALACE SYRTSOVA BURIAL GROUND (EXCAVATIONS 1982-1985)

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-470
Author(s):  
Ludmila B. Gmyrya ◽  
Yusup A. Magomedov
Keyword(s):  
Ethnic Composition ◽  
Burial Ground ◽  
Funeral Rites ◽  
Funeral Rite ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Entire Collection ◽  
The Social ◽  
Ceramic Vessels ◽  
Burial Mounds

The article deals with the specifics of the ceramic collection of 4 separate groups of burials (№1-4) of the Northern section of the Palace-Syrt burial ground of the IV–V centuries (hereinafter – the Northern Palace-Syrt), the excavations of which were carried out in 1982-1985. the Purpose of the study is to identify the features of this ceramic complex and to compare the data with the available results of the classification of ceramics of the barrow groups of the southern section of the burial ground (hereinafter – the southern Palace-Syrt), which was studied in 2009-2016.Separate burial mounds are essentially closed collective burial complexes connected by common social factors. Analysis of materials, such as certain groups of graves, and the comparative parsing of the entire series of mound groups located in the same area of the burial ground (planigraphy burials, funeral rites, especially the inventory, etc.), allows to determine in the burial traditions of the manifestations of the social structure of the population, and to identify common and particular in the ethnic composition of a large Union of tribes. The method of step analysis of the ceramic collection of burial mounds groups used in this work: burial – group of burials – group of burials of a separate certain area of the burial ground – group of burials of 2 sites of the burial ground, tested on the materials of the southern Palace-Syrt. It allows us to record both the General trends in the formation of the ceramic complex among the socially distinguished population, and to identify the principles of creating a clothing component of the funeral rite of the population. The authors give the characteristics of the sets of ceramics of each of the groups of burials of the Northern Palace-Syrt, on the basis of which a summary classification of the entire collection of ceramics is carried out. According to the authors ' conclusion, in the barrow groups №1-4 of the Northern Palace-Syrt there was no typological monotony of ceramic vessels, both in the sets of dishes of individual burial groups.

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