Salar Jung Museum Library in the Heritage City of Hyderabad

This is an analytical review of engagement and outreach of Salar Jung Museum Library's collection (MSS, printed, and digital). The chapter aims to visualize the benefits of being located in a heritage city, viz., Hyderabad, in India. The method adopted is first to trace impressions of researchers and scholars and second to gather data of its presence in libraries across the world. Tracing such variety and distinctness will open doors for further exploring the impact factors. The original collector, viz., Salar Jung, had open doors for diversity and open mind to welcome all cultural depictions of the world. Its diversity is evident in artifacts and resources that represent samples from East and West. So also is its inclusiveness – the entire collection is without bias of gender, race, or religion. The data analysis shows the engagement in heritage building is reciprocal. A study in the post-COVID era with a larger variety of data (viz., survey, virtual visits, digital impression) will reveal the full picture of reciprocity and will also highlight the actual needs and demands.

Carbon Nanotubes: Current Perspectives on Diverse Applications in Targeted Drug Delivery and Therapies

Current discoveries as well as research findings on various types of carbon nanostructures have inspired research into their utilization in a number of fields. These carbon nanostructures offer uses in pharmacy, medicine and different therapies. One such unique carbon nanostructure includes carbon nanotubes (CNTs), which are one-dimensional allotropes of carbon nanostructure that can have a length-to-diameter ratio greater than 1,000,000. After their discovery, CNTs have drawn extensive research attention due to their excellent material properties. Their physical, chemical and electronic properties are excellent and their composites provide great possibilities for enormous nanometer applications. The current study provides a systematic review based on prior literature review and data gathered from various sources. The various research studies from many research labs and organizations were systematically retrieved, collected, compiled and written. The entire collection and compilation of this review concluded the use of CNT approaches and their efficacy and safety for the treatment of various diseases such as brain tumors or cancer via nanotechnology-based drug delivery, phototherapy, gene therapy, antiviral therapy, antifungal therapy, antibacterial therapy and other biomedical applications. The current review covers diverse applications of CNTs in designing a range of targeted drug delivery systems and application for various therapies. It concludes with a discussion on how CNTs based medicines can expand in the future.

Development of a Multipurpose Core Collection of New Promising Iranian Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) Genotypes Based on Morphological and Pomological Traits

Establishment of a core collection, of limited size and better representation of the whole germplasm phenotypic diversity, is fundamental for fruit tree breeding programs from an economic and management points of view. To achieve this goal with pomegranate fruit trees, 221 genotypes were evaluated for 25 morphological and pomological traits during two successive years. Using the maximization strategy in Power Core software, 12 out of 221 pomegranate genotypes were selected for the new core collection, reducing the population size to 5.42% of the entire collection. Variance difference (VD%) and mean difference (MD%) were calculated as 42.68% and 7.03% in core collection, respectively. This indicates an excellent diversity amongst genotypes within the core collection. The Shannon’s diversity index (H′) in the formed collection suggested that 19 out of 25 phenotypic variables were of high diversity. Results showed that core collection genotypes are equally presented in all three population groups formed by cluster analysis through the original collection. The current research is the first in using phenotypic data to establish a core collection of Iranian pomegranate germplasm. The formation of this core collection will be an effective step towards examining the diversity of the original population and breeding prospects.

RECONFIGURAÇÃO DO ACERVO DA SEÇÃO DE MEMÓRIA E ARQUIVO DO MUSEU NACIONAL APÓS O INCÊNDIO

Este artículo analiza la reconfiguración de los archivos afectados por los representantes digitales de la colección original perdida, teniendo en cuenta el caso de la Sección memoria y archivo del Museo Nacional (SEMEAR), que sufrió incendio en septiembre de 2018. Con esta tragedia, SEED se perdió prácticamente toda la colección. Con el fin de reconstruirlo, la idea de reconfigurarlo surgió de sus representantes digitales. En vista de esto, surgió el problema de esta investigación: ¿Es posible reconfigurar colecciones siniestras de representantes digitales, desde el punto de vista de la teoría archivística clásica? ¿Cuáles son las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas? Desde el punto de vista metodológico, se buscaron los principios básicos de la Archiveología en la literatura nacional e internacional. En este sentido, se contextualizan los principios del Orden y la Provenencia Originales, identificando sus características y prerrogativas. Esta investigación adopta una posición conceptual sobre el uso de representantes digitales que los caracterizan como documentos de archivo, lo que permitirá la reconfiguración de la colección. This article analyzes the reconfiguration of archives sinistered by means of digital representatives of the original collection lost, considering the case of the Memory and Archive Section of the National Museum (SEMEAR), which suffered fire in September 2018. this tragedy, SEMEAR was lost practically the entire collection. In order to rebuild it, the idea of reconfiguring it emerged from its digital representatives. In view of this, the problem of this research arose: Is it possible to reconfigure sinister collections from digital representatives, from the point of view of classical archival theory? What are the theoretical and practical implications? From the methodological point of view, the basic principles of Archiveology were sought in national and international literature. In this sense, the principles of the Original Order and Provenance are contextualized, identifying its characteristics and prerogatives. This research adopts a conceptual position on the use of digital representatives characterizing them as archiving documents, which will thus allow the reconfiguration of the collection. Este artigo analisa a reconfiguração de acervos arquivísticos sinistrados por meio de representantes digitais do acervo original perdido, considerando o caso da Seção de Memória e Arquivo do Museu Nacional (SEMEAR), que sofreu incêndio em setembro de 2018.Com essa tragédia, a SEMEAR perdeu-se praticamente todo o acervo. No intuito de reconstruí-lo, emergiu a ideia de reconfigurá-lo a partir de seus representantes digitais. Diante disso, surgiu o problema desta pesquisa: É possível reconfigurar acervos sinistrados a partir de representantes digitais, sob o ponto de vista da teoria arquivística clássica? Quais são as implicações teóricas e práticas? Do ponto de vista metodológico, buscou-se na literatura nacional e internacional os princípios basilares da Arquivologia. Nesse sentido, contextualiza-se os princípios da Ordem Original e da Proveniência, identificando suas características e prerrogativas. Esta pesquisa adota uma posição conceitual sobre o uso dos representantes digitais caracterizando-os como documentos de arquivo, o que possibilitará, dessa forma, a reconfiguração do acervo.

Reconstruction of the Sunspot Number Source Database and the 1947 Zurich Discontinuity

The recalibration of the sunspot number series, the primary long-term record of the solar cycle, requires the recovery of the entire collection of raw sunspot counts collected by the Zurich Observatory for the production of this index between 1849 and 1980.Here, we report about the major progresses accomplished recently in the construction of this global digital sunspot number database, and we derive global statistics of all the individual observers and professional observatories who provided sunspot data over more than 130 years.First, we can announce the full recovery of long-lost source-data tables covering the last 34 years between 1945 and 1979, and we describe the unique information available in those tables. We then also retrace the evolution of the core observing team in Zurich and of the auxiliary stations. In 1947, we find a major disruption in the composition of both the Zurich team and the international network of auxiliary stations.This sharp transition is unique in the history of the Zurich Observatory and coincides with the main scale-jump found in the original Zurich sunspot number series, the so-called “Waldmeier” jump. This adds key historical evidence explaining why methodological changes introduced progressively in the early 20th century could play a role precisely at that time. We conclude on the remaining steps needed to fully complete this new sunspot data resource.

Laying a Foundation for Digital Collections at the Property Information Resource Center

ABSTRACT Over a decade ago, the Harvard University Property Information Resource Center (PIRC) began digitizing its entire collection of more than a hundred thousand architectural drawings documenting the construction of the oldest university in the United States. Challenges and successes materialized throughout the project relating to the PIRC's mission, service level, and collection dependencies. Continuing to meet users' demanding needs while learning and revising best practices was ambitious yet ultimately achievable. In addition to producing high-quality images for digital preservation, secondary positive outcomes of the project were the conservation of drawings, improvements to the reference process, and the ability to expand these services beyond the traditional user group. To achieve the project goals, staff created a flexible workflow that ameliorated the condition of physical drawings in the collection while allowing them to uphold an established user service level agreement.

Saving collections: taxonomic revision of the herpetological collection of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Lisbon (Portugal) with a protocol to rescue abandoned collections

The herpetological collections of the Instituto de Investigação Científica Tropical, Lisbon, are amongst the most important collections from the former Portuguese territories in Africa and Asia. The collection comprises more than 5000 preserved specimens, including type specimens of nine taxa, Trachylepis adamastor, Trachypelis thomensis, Panaspis thomensis, Naja peroescobari, Dalophia angolensis, Hemidactylus nzingae, Boaedon fradei, Platysaurus maculatus maculatus, and Platysaurus maculatus lineicauda. The collection was abandoned in the early years of 2000s and was at risk of being lost. In this paper the entire collection is reviewed, a catalogue provided of the extant specimens, and a brief account of the history of herpetological research at IICT given. Details are also provided on the recovery of the collection and a protocol to rescue abandoned collections.

Fungicide Resistance Evolving in Ramularia Collo-Cygni Population in Estonia

Ramularia leaf spot caused by the fungus Ramularia collo-cygni, has recently become widespread in Estonian barley fields. Currently, disease control in barley fields relies on SDHI and DMI fungicides, which might be threatened by R. collo-cygni isolates that are well-adapted to fungicide pressure. In a two-year study, 353 R. collo-cygni isolates were collected from spring barley fields in Estonia. A total of 153 R. collo-cygni isolates were examined for sensitivity to azoles (DMIs; prothioconazole-desthio, epoxiconazole, mefentrifluconazole) and succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs; boscalid, fluxapyroxad). Epoxiconazole was the least effective and a new fungicide mefentrifluconazole was the most effective DMI. Among SDHIs, fluxapyroxad was more effective than boscalid. Also, single R. collo-cygni isolates with high resistance to tested fungicides occurred, which could affect fungicide control of the pathogen. The entire collection of R. collo-cygni was analysed for mutations in fungicide target proteins. Six mutations were identified in CYP51 gene, the most dominant being I381T, I384T, and S459C. Also, numerous point mutations in the SdhC gene were present. The mutation G143A in strobilurin target protein CytB dominates in over 80% of the R. collo-cygni population, confirming the low efficacy of strobilurin fungicides in barley disease control.

The Use of Informer Sets in Screening: Perspectives on an Efficient Strategy to Identify New Probes

Small-molecule discovery typically involves large-scale screening campaigns, spanning multiple compound collections. However, such activities can be cost- or time-prohibitive, especially when using complex assay systems, limiting the number of compounds tested. Further, low hit rates can make the process inefficient. Sparse coverage of chemical structure or biological activity space can lead to limited success in a primary screen and represents a missed opportunity by virtue of selecting the “wrong” compounds to test. Thus, the choice of screening collections becomes of paramount importance. In this perspective, we discuss the utility of generating “informer sets” for small-molecule discovery, and how this strategy can be leveraged to prioritize probe candidates. While many researchers may assume that informer sets are focused on particular targets (e.g., kinases) or processes (e.g., autophagy), efforts to assemble informer sets based on historical bioactivity or successful human exposure (e.g., repurposing collections) have shown promise as well. Another method for generating informer sets is based on chemical structure, particularly when the compounds have unknown activities and targets. We describe our efforts to screen an informer set representing a collection of 100,000 small molecules synthesized through diversity-oriented synthesis (DOS). This process enables researchers to identify activity early and more extensively screen only a few chemical scaffolds, rather than the entire collection. This elegant and economic outcome is a goal of the informer set approach. Here, we aim not only to shed light on this process, but also to promote the use of informer sets more widely in small-molecule discovery projects.

Coins from the Streets of Racibórz

The aim of the article is to present numismatic collections from the Museum in Racibórz which have been found at municipal sites during supervision and regular archaeological excavations. This will allow us to observe which coins have come to Racibórz (germ. Ratibor) and (Upper) Silesia over the centuries. The analysed coins will be compared with finds obtained during excavations in other cities in Upper Silesia – Gliwice (germ. Gleiwitz) (the market square and St. George’s Church in Czechowice (germ. Schechowitz)) and Bytom (germ. Beuthen) (St. Margaret’s Hill) – and in the main centre in Lower Silesia, Wrocław (germ. Breslau) (Nowy Targ Square and St. Elizabeth’s Church). The study includes 76 coins acquired in the years 1979–2015 on 12 sites located within the borders of the city of Racibórz. This number includes the hoard of 17 Prague groschen of Wenceslas II, 56 single finds and three coin-like objects. In addition, two metal objects were included in the study which were discovered near the castle in the district of Racibórz – Ostróg. Both objects are difficult to identify, initially defined as a ring eye and a weight (monetary or merchant). The entire collection is dominated by Bohemian coins, including Prague groschen, parvus and white pennies. Silesian coins are the second largest group – three wide bracteates (unfortunately without provenance), a very rare Opava heller of Přemek I (1377–1433) and two groeschels of Ferdinand II (1617–1637). Moreover, two rare pennies of Sigismund III (1587–1632) struck in Poznań mint were found, which usually give way to pennies and ternarius struck in Łobżenica mint, which were not recorded in the collection from Racibórz. Considering all the coins in chronological terms, the dominant coins are late medieval ones – from the second half of the 13th century to the first half of the 15th century. The second concentration of Racibórz finds is from the 18th–20th century. A comparative analysis of coins discovered in Racibórz, Gliwice and Bytom and the hoard of Prague groschen from Błażejowice (germ. Blaschowitz) confirms the hypothesis of Borys Paszkiewicz that it was through Upper Silesia that Bohemian coins reached the territory of present day Poland. As a result, there is a significant number of small Bohemian coins in this area, with a smaller number to be found deeper within Poland.