scholarly journals Desplazamiento transnacional laboral genuino y ley aplicable al contrato de trabajo = Genuine posting and the law applicable to the employment contract

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 213 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Javier Gómez Abelleira
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Practical Implication ◽  
Employment Law ◽  
Employment Relationship ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Employment Contract ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Resumen: La aplicación correcta de la Directiva 96/71 exige identificar el desplazamiento temporal genuino. A tal efecto, los criterios de la Directiva 2014/67 se muestran insuficientes. El artículo construye el concepto de desplazamiento genuino profundizando en los elementos definitorios del desplazamiento temporal: temporalidad, mantenimiento de la relación laboral con el empleador del Estado de establecimiento y vínculo con la prestación transnacional de servicios. La implicación práctica más importante es que las autoridades del Estado de desplazamiento pueden decidir la aplicación íntegra de su ley laboral cuando encuentran que el desplazamiento no es genuinos.Palabras clave: desplazamiento transnacional de trabajadores; ley aplicable al contrato de trabajo; libre prestación de servicios; derecho de la Unión Europea.Abstract: The right application of Directive 96/71 requires the identification of genuine posting. To this aim the criteria laid down by Directive 2014/67 are insufficient. The article frames the concept of genuine posting building upon the defining characteristics of posting: temporality, the maintenance of the employment relationship with the home country employer, and the link with the transnational provision of services. The main practical implication is that the authorities of the host country can impose the full application of its employment law when they find that the posting is not genuine.Keywords: posting of workers; law applicable to the individual employment contract; freedom to provide services; law of the European Union.

scholarly journals Powództwo przeciw dyskryminacji w Ustawie z dnia 3 grudnia 2010 r. o wdrożeniu niektórych przepisów Unii Europejskiej w zakresie równego traktowania

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paweł Śmiałek
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Equal Treatment ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
Legal Position ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
The Right ◽  
Legal Grounds

Discrimination is a phenomenon that has been existing in our society for many years. The main cause of increased legislative activity in European countries is the action of the European Union, which has issued a number of directives dealing with the problem of discrimination. Poland, as a member of the European Union, was obliged to implement anti-discrimination directives. The legislator did this by enacting the Act of 3 December 2010 on the implementation of certain European Union regulations on equal treatment (hereafter: the equality statute). The equality statue was a good step towards combating discrimination in areas such as the provision of services or capital fl ow. The legislator has also pointed to discriminatory features, including race, age, disability, sex, or sexual orientation. These features cannot serve as a basis for diff erentiating the legal position of legal entities. In carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the subject matter, the study presented in this article covered: the normative grounds of an anti-discrimination lawsuit, the right to compensation, which deviates signifi cantly from the defi nition set out in Article 361 of the Civ il Code, the substantive and legal grounds for action, the principles and the procedure for claiming compensation. The article also deals with the eff ectiveness of the application of the measure in the jurisprudence. To that end, the study examined the case law of common courts dealing with the facts related to the equality law. The Ombudsman and other anti-discrimination aut horities have also been contacted for information on the use of this measure. The paper identifi es as well, the potential solutions aimed at increasing the eff ectiveness and frequency of the use of anti-discrimination lawsuits before Polish common courts.

scholarly journals The Bologna Declaration and Free Movement of European Union Citizens in the Fields of Legal Education and the Legal Profession – Observations in Finland

2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 21-37
Author(s):  
Matti Ilmari Niemi
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Member State ◽  
Home Country ◽  
Legal Education ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Member States ◽  
Bologna Declaration ◽  
The Right ◽  
Law Degree

Finland is a member of the European Higher Education Area. The principles of the Bologna Declaration have become reality in certain respects. The form and structure of Finnish law degrees are uniform with the Bologna model. However, mobility and the free movement of students have only been realised in a limited sense. Finnish law degrees are still closed both in international and national respects. Uniformity of degrees is treated here as a means to carrying out free movement and the right of establishment as the principles of the European Union. Uniformity of degrees is a necessary precondition in recognising degrees earned in another country. Without the recognition of the workmanship and degree earned in a home country, it is very difficult to establish oneself in a host county. Both the basic treaties and the applicable directives of the European Union obligate member states to recognise degrees earned in other member states. There are, however, important exceptions and restrictions. Lawyers often work as judges, prosecutors, bailiffs and other officers. They are subject to exceptions and restrictions. As a rule, advocates have the freedom to provide services and establish themselves in a permanent way, and act as advocates in another member state. Even in this case, there are steps and restrictions. In practice, it is not easy to move to another member state and act as an advocate with the help of a law degree earned in the home state. Basically, the reasons for these difficulties are the differences between national legal systems.

scholarly journals El derecho a la libre prestación de servicios o libre circulación de capitales en la Unión Europea vs. la protección del consumidor nacional croata a la luz del asunto C-630/17 Anica Milivojević vs. Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg Egen = The right to free provision of services or free movement of capital in the european union vs. the protection of the Croatian national consumer in the context of the case C-630/17 Anica Milivojević vs. Raiffeisenbank St. Stefan-Jagerberg-Wolfsberg Egen

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 531
Author(s):  
María José Catalán Chamorro
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Loan Contracts ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Republic ◽  
The Right ◽  
Municipal Court ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Free Movement Of Capital

Resumen: En el presente trabajo se analiza el impacto que ha tenido la Ley de nulidad de los contratos de préstamo con elementos internacionales celebrados en la República de Croacia con un acreedor no autorizado y su confrontación con la normativa europea. Esto se realiza a través de las cuestiones prejudiciales planteadas por un Tribunal municipal croata sobre la afectación del derecho a la libre prestación de servicios y libre circulación de capitales en la Unión Europea; alteración de los fueros competenciales, extensión del concepto de consumidor a empresarios y la concepción de los derechos reales.Palabras clave: Derecho a la libre prestación de servicios, Reglamento 1215/2012, defensa de los consumidores y derecho real de hipoteca.Abstract: This paper analyses the impact of the Law on the nullity of loan contracts with international elements entered into in the Republic of Croatia with an unauthorised creditor and its confrontation with European regulations. This is done through prejudicial questions raised by a Croatian Municipal Court on the effect of the right to the free provision of services and free movement of capital in the European Union; alteration of the jurisdictional privileges, extension of the concept of consumer to entrepreneurs and the conception of mortgage rights. Keywords: Right to freedom to provide services, Regulation 1215/2012, consumer protection and mortgage liem.

scholarly journals A BRIEF REVIEW OF THE CASE LAW ON THE RIGHT “TO BE FORGOTTEN”

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1377-1383
Author(s):  
Liuba Tzakova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Case Law ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Virtual Space ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The Public ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Right To Be Forgotten ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right

Modern society is evolving at a faster pace than before and this process is driven by the technological progress and the access to virtual space and Internet. Physical exchange of information is being replaced by its virtual double which offers faster speeds in quite different dimensions compared to traditional ones. Virtual space reduces distances between different parts of the world, there are no state borders, the individual has the ability to provide and create electronic content from anywhere in the world.In this space of “limitless” freedom, however, there is an inevitable collision between the different interests of individuals which has its reflection in the material world. It is here that the increasing necessity to create rules and regulations for resolving future and already arisen conflicts becomes visible.This report addresses issues related to the deletion/erasure of information on the Internet relating to a particular person, or the so-called right “to be forgotten”. A person may refer to this right when he considers published and publicly available information about him on the network irrelevant, as well as when the information is not correct, is no longer up to date, or the ground for its processing has been dropped. The right “to be forgotten” is a conflict issue that shows both advantages and disadvantages. It offers opportunity for a new beginning and for protection of privacy7, but it is often necessary to restrict it in order to protect the right of the public to be informed and the freedom of speech.The European Union plays an active role in order to place this issue in a legal framework. It established legal regulation in the field with Directive 95/46 / EC of the European Parliament and of the Council on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data which is interpreted in connection with the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. The General Data Protection Regulation entered into force in 2018 and replaced Directive 95/46 /EC. Of particular importance for understanding and enforcing of the right “to be forgotten” is the case-law of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. The role of the courts of the different countries should also not be underestimated.Despite the clarity that this regulation introduces, there are new issues that need to be addressed, such as the criteria for deleting personal information from the virtual space and in which cases the public interest is justified to take precedence over that of the individual and where it is not.

scholarly journals Marco comparado de la libertad religiosa en Europa

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Fernández-Coronado González
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
European Community ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Freedom Of Conscience ◽  
State Laws ◽  
Community Law ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Sobre Todo ◽  
European Community Law

La consolidación de la Unión Europea como una unidad política y su estructuración jurídica ha planteado una seria de cuestiones importantes en los diversos campos del derecho. Este trabajo de investigación se centra en uno de esos ámbitos: el del Derecho de Libertad de Conciencia como objeto del Derecho Eclesiástico del Estado. La relevancia del tema reside en la existencia de una doble regulación jurídica de este derecho, no siempre coincidente: la de los Estados miembros de la Unión, que consideran esta cuestion como parte de su identidad, y la del Derecho Comunitario como derecho supranacional. Con este punto de partida, la posibilidad de lograr una armonización legislativa en la materia plantea indudables dificultades, sobre todo en la dimensión colectiva del Derecho de Libertad de Conciencia, pues el aspecto individual no plantea mayores problemas. La razón de esta dificultad se encuentra en el enorme peso de las religiones tradicionales en los distintos Estados, hecho que condiciona a menudo la legislación de los mismos, en perjuicio de la plena realización de esa libertad, sobre todo para las minorías religiosas, establecidas como consecuencia del pluralismo cultural fruto de la inmigración. El análisis de estos dos espacios jurídicos, Derecho de los Estados y Derecho Comunitario, permitirá valorar el alcance de una posible armonización legislativa con proyección de futuro.The consolidation of the European Union as a political entity and the articulation of a European Community Law raise certain relevant questions in different fields of law. This research focuses in a particular sphere: the freedom of conscience as object of Law and religion. The relevance of this issue is due to the existence of a double juridical regulation –not necessarily coincident– of the freedom of conscience: the European Union Member States regulations, which consider this subject as part of their respective identities; and the European Community Law regulation. As a result, the legislative harmonization of this subject faces important difficulties, especially as far as the collective dimension of the Right to freedom of conscience is concerned –the individual dimension does not raise major problems–. The referred difficulty is due to the enormous weight of the traditional and historic religions in the different States, which determine in many occasions their legislations. This has a detrimental effect on the secularity of the States, as well as on the rights of minority religious groups, which are the result, to a large extent, of the cultural pluralism arising from immigration. The analysis of these two juridical spaces –State laws and European Community Law– will allow us to assess the implications of a possible legislative harmonization in the future.

scholarly journals Peculiarities of legal protection of personal data of minors in the field of electronic communication in the European Union

2019 ◽  
pp. 194-199
Author(s):  
M. S. Krylova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Informed Consent ◽  
Electronic Communication ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Legal Protection ◽  
Free Movement ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Electronic Communications ◽  
Provision Of Services ◽  
The Right

The paper considers the peculiarities of the legal protection of personal data of minors in the field of electronic communications in the European Union. The reasons for the expediency of introducing differentiated rules for minors in the context of the realization of the right to protection of personal data are substantiated. In addition, the article analyzes the provisions of Regulation (EC) 2016/679 on the protection of individuals in the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data which entered into force in May 2018. The author reflects its innovations regarding the conditions for applying to the minors the concept of informed consent for processing and measures to verify the age of data, including the provision of services in electronic communications.

scholarly journals The Rise of Right-Wing Extremism in European Union

2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-57
Author(s):  
Ljupcho Stevkovski
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
Economic Crisis ◽  
Living Standards ◽  
Radical Right ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Balkan Countries ◽  
The Right ◽  
Right Wing Extremism

It is a fact that in the European Union there is a strengthening of right-wing extremism, radical right movement, populism and nationalism. The consequences of the economic crisis, such as a decline in living standards, losing of jobs, rising unemployment especially among young people, undoubtedly goes in favor of strengthening the right-wing extremism. In the research, forms of manifestation will be covered of this dangerous phenomenon and response of the institutions. Western Balkan countries, as a result of right-wing extremism, are especially sensitive region on possible consequences that might occur, since there are several unresolved political problems, which can very easily turn into a new cycle of conflicts, if European integration processes get delayed indefinitely.

Jungtinių Tautų ir Europos Sąjungos tikslinės finansinės ribojamosios priemonės: poreikis užtikrinti teisę į teisingą procesą

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Viltė Kristina Steponėnaitė
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
United Nations ◽  
Fair Trial ◽  
The European Union ◽  
The United Nations ◽  
The Right ◽  
Restrictive Measures

Targeted financial restrictive measures of the United Nations and the European Union: necessity to ensure the right to a fair trial

The Right to Healthcare in the Common European Asylum System

2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-156
Author(s):  
Marco Inglese
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
European Convention ◽  
Undocumented Migrants ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Common European Asylum System ◽  
The Common ◽  
Interpretative Approach ◽  
The Right

Abstract This article seeks to ascertain the role of healthcare in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). The article is structured as follows. First, it outlines the international conceptualisation of healthcare in the International Covenant of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR) and the European Social Charter (ESC) before delving into the European Convention on Human Rights (ECHR). Second, focusing on the European Union (EU), it analyses the role of Article 35 of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the Charter) in order to verify its impact on the development of the CEAS. Third, and in conclusion, it will argue that the identification of the role of healthcare in the CEAS should be understood in light of the Charter’s scope of application. This interpretative approach will be beneficial for asylum seekers and undocumented migrants, as well as for the Member States (MSs).

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