Downsizing Teaching: The Case for Seminars as the Backbone of Law Degrees

This article is aimed at contributing to the ongoing debate on the purpose of law school and the work of law teachers, calling for a scholarship-based approach to teaching, centred on culture, research and method and advocating for seminars to replace lectures as the core method of teaching delivery in law schools. The article addresses, under this perspective, the salient elements of legal education: the philosophy of a teacher, the function of lectures and seminars, the problem of the time necessary to gain the required preparation, the importance of reading and the role played by assessment in the economy of a law degree. It is argued that teaching delivery methods should be the subject of constant reflection, and that the drafting of law school curricula should aim at cultivating the intellectual abilities and curiosity of law students, focussing on their education rather than their mere instruction.

Multi-label classification of feedbacks

This work deals with educational text mining, a field of natural language processing applied to education. The objective is to classify the feedback generated by teachers in online courses to the activities sent by students according to the model of Hattie and Timperley (2007), considering that feedback may be at the levels task, process, regulation, praise and other. Four multi-label classification methods of the data transformation approach - binary relevance, classification chains, power labelset and rakel-d - are compared with the base algorithms SVM, Random Forest, Logistic Regression and Naive Bayes. The methodology was applied to a case study in which 11013 feedbacks written in Spanish language from 121 online courses of the Law degree from a public university in Mexico were collected from the Blackboard learning manager system. The results show that the random forests algorithms and vector support machines will have the best performance when using the binary relevance transformation and classifier chains methods.

Stopień doktora praw w okresie dwudziestolecia międzywojennego w Polsce – regulacje prawne oraz postulaty Wydziałów Prawa

Doctor of Law Degree in the Interwar Period in Poland – Legal Regulations and Postulates of the Faculties of Law Several periods can be distinguished in the creation of legal regulations regarding the doctoral degree, including the doctor of laws. The first one, until 1924, was of a transitional nature, the years 1924-1933 were used to develop general, procedural guidelines, and the period after 1933 was to adapt the existing regulations to the new Act on Academic Schools. It should be noted that all legal acts relating to the doctoral degree were consulted with law faculties, and their opinions had a direct impact on the introduced changes.

Exploring and developing strategies for integration in a classroom setting within higher education

Integration in the classroom is discussed openly within the school setting, but largely remains a taboo subject within higher education (HE). Staff often make visual observations that students tend to sit with one another based on sex, ethnicity, class, ability and/or faith. As educators, we can address the issue superficially via the use of classroom plans in the form of covert integration. However, the need to adopt such strategies and their effectiveness remains un-assessed. I explored the issue of integration in the classroom amongst students in the first year of their law degree via action-based research. Initially, there appeared to be a reluctance amongst students to engage in a dialogue on the issue of integration. However, when they did, the students commented on the benefits of social and/or academic integration and were open to the mixing of students within a classroom setting. The research also indicated that after the integrated workshops, students developed an increased confidence in mixing with people from different backgrounds and increasingly felt part of a community both within the classroom and as part of the University.

Judges' Legal Considerations (Ratio Decidendi) and Jurisdical Implications on the Criminal Acts of Continuous Corruption (Study of Supreme Court Decision No. 866 K/Pid. Sus/2016)

This study intends to examine the legal considerations of the judges of the Supreme Court against the criminal act of corruption continued in the Supreme Court's decision number 866 K/Pid. Sus/2016. The decision stating that the convict is proven to have committed a criminal act of corruption continues, but the continued action is not stated in the consideration of the decision. The Supreme Court's decision number 866 K/Pidsus/2016 raises a big question mark regarding the legal basis for criminal prosecution for perpetrators of continuing corruption, this is because the Corruption Crime Law does not specifically regulate acts of continuing corruption. It is said to be a continuous act in a criminal act of corruption because the act is carried out continuously, both with similar crimes in corruption. Continuing action or also called Voorgezette handeling is an act (gebeuren) in which one action with another action is interrelated and becomes a single unit, the linkage must meet at least two conditions, namely the act is the embodiment of a forbidden will decision and an act that is prohibited. happen must be the same. This journal was created with the aim of being able to find out the judge's legal considerations for the criminal act of continuing corruption which was reviewed with the Ratio Decidendi Theory and the academic requirements to obtain a Master of Law degree at the Faculty of Law, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta. The research method used by the researcher is doctrinal research with a statutory approach and a case approach. The technique of collecting legal materials used is literature study. The legal material analysis technique used is deductive data analysis.

Analysis of pulsating variable stars using the visibility graph algorithm

We study the light curves of pulsating variable stars using a complex network approach to build visibility graphs. We consider various types of variables stars (e.g., Cepheids, δ Scuti, RR Lyrae), build two types of graphs (the normal visibility graph (VG) and the horizontal visibility graph (HVG)), and calculate various metrics for the resulting networks. We find that all networks have a power-law degree distribution for the VG and an exponential distribution for the HVG, suggesting that it is a universal feature, regardless of the pulsation features. Metrics such as the average degree, the clustering coefficient and the transitivity coefficient, can distinguish between some star types. We also observe that the results are not strongly affected by the presence of observation gaps in the light curves. These findings suggest that the visibility graph algorithm may be a useful technique to study variability in stars.

MAINSTREAMING ISLAMIC JURISTIC THOUGHT IN THE TEACHING OF HUMAN RIGHTS LAW: A CASE FOR INTEGRATIVE CURRICULUM AND PEDAGOGY IN AFRICAN LAW SCHOOLS

Against the backdrop of the marked marginalization of Islamic juristic thought in human rights discourses and the consequential obscurity of possible synergy, this article proceeds from the premise that purposeful human rights education within a law degree programme leading to vocational careers must be all encompassing, able to respond to the demands of critical reasoning, and suitable for the analysis and understanding of global, regional and national challenges by local legal actors. In the African context, experience evokes an appeal for innovative approaches that not only prioritize integrative curricula but which also facilitate qualitative teaching methods that could guarantee the transfer of helpful skills and broad-based knowledge to boost the confidence of the learner in visualizing active future roles in human rights promotion and protection in whichever milieu he/she establishes a career. Highlighting the peculiar importance of Islamic Law in twenty-first century Africa, this article canvasses an approach that helps the law student to understand the practical realities that make Islamic Law a sine qua non for sound grasp of human rights law in his or her society while fully recognizing latent cultural, religious and other philosophical dilemmas and limitations to human rights as legal norms.

Evolving complex networks with logistic property: Global versus local growth

Considering the retarding effect of natural resources, environmental conditions, and other factors on network growth, the capacity of network nodes to connect to new edges is generally limited. Inspired by this hindered growth of many real-world networks, two types of evolving network models are suggested with different logistic growth schemes. In the global and local logistic network, the total number of network edges and the number of edges added into the network at each step are in line with the Logistic growth, respectively. The most exciting feature of the Logistic growth network is that the growth rule of network edges is first fast, then slow and finally reaches the saturation value [Formula: see text]. Theoretical analysis and numerical simulation reveal that the node degrees of two new networks converge to the same results of the BA scale-free network, [Formula: see text], as the growth rate [Formula: see text] approaches to 0. The local logistic network follows a bilateral power-law degree distribution with a given value of [Formula: see text]. Meanwhile, for these two networks, it is found that the greater [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the smaller the average shortest paths, the greater the clustering coefficients, and the weaker the disassortativity. Additionally, compared to the local logistic growth network, the clustering feature of the global logistic network is more obvious.

Heterogeneous node copying from hidden network structure

Node copying is an important mechanism for network formation, yet most models assume uniform copying rules. Motivated by observations of heterogeneous triadic closure in real networks, we introduce the concept of a hidden network model—a generative two-layer model in which an observed network evolves according to the structure of an underlying hidden layer—and apply the framework to a model of heterogeneous copying. Framed in a social context, these two layers represent a node’s inner social circle, and wider social circle, such that the model can bias copying probabilities towards, or against, a node’s inner circle of friends. Comparing the case of extreme inner circle bias to an equivalent model with uniform copying, we find that heterogeneous copying suppresses the power-law degree distributions commonly seen in copying models, and results in networks with much higher clustering than even the most optimum scenario for uniform copying. Similarly large clustering values are found in real collaboration networks, lending empirical support to the mechanism.