Effects of Biochar and Compost on Growth and Yield of Sweet Pepper under a Partial Root-Zone Drying Irrigation System

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 56-76
Author(s):  
Abdulrasoul Al-Omran ◽  
Alaa Ibrahim ◽  
Abdulaziz Alharbi
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Growth And Yield

scholarly journals Economic Profitability of Sweet Pepper Production under Different Irrigation Levels and Polyethylene Mulch in a Plastic Greenhouse

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 109-116
Author(s):  
Mohamed A. A. Abdrabbo ◽  
Assem A. A. Mohamed ◽  
Fadl. A. Hashem ◽  
Ahmed. S. A. Hegab
Keyword(s):  
Water Level ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Economic Assessment ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Jel Classification ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Gross Margin ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Irrigation Levels

Field experiment was conducted, during two successive seasons of 2014- 2015 and 2015- 2016, at Dokki protected agricultural site, Giza Governorate, Egypt, to study the profitability of different applied irrigation levels and polyethylene (PE) mulch on plant growth and yield of sweet pepper, (Capsicum annum L.) cv. Godion F1, under plastic house condition. Three irrigation levels (0.50, 0.75 and 1.00) of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), using drip irrigation system and three PE mulch treatments (transparent, black and control) were applied. Data revealed that black PE recorded the highest values of early and total fruit yield per plant during the two seasons. Increasing water level up to 1.00 (ETc) enhanced yield with different PE mulch treatments, while water use efficiency (WUE) decreased with increasing water level. However, Using 0.50 (ETc), with different PE mulches increased WUE compared to using 0.75 (ETc) or 1.00 (ETc). The economic assessment of costs and returns from different treatments were calculated. It was found that the average yield was higher in 1.00 ETc with black mulch. Gross margin per 540 m2 were analysed using yield data, price structures and production costs. The 1.00 (ETc) with black mulch had the highest gross margin which is USD 416.8 and USD 533 (1 USD= 9 Egyptian pound) for the first and second seasons, respectively. The benefit cost ratios (BCRs) per 540 m2 were analysed, and 1.00 (ETc) with black mulch had the highest BCR with 1.36 in the first season and 1.45 in the second season. JEL Classification: Q 01, Q 12, Q 19

scholarly journals Overhead and Drip Irrigation System Effects on Tomato Growth and Yield in California’s Central Valley

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 637-644 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey P. Mitchell ◽  
Anil Shrestha ◽  
Karen Klonsky ◽  
Tom A. Turini ◽  
Kurt J. Hembree
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Water Evaporation ◽  
Labor Costs

Despite the worldwide importance of overhead, mechanized irrigation for crop production, the potential of this technology has been poorly studied in California. Field studies were conducted at Five Points, CA, in 2010 and 2012 to compare the effects of overhead irrigation (OH) and drip irrigation (DR) on transplanted tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) crop growth and yield. Similar amounts of water were applied to both systems in each year to match crop evapotranspiration demands. Crop growth measured by percent canopy coverage and aboveground biomass accumulation were similar between the OH and DR systems early in the growing season in both years but were lower in the OH system during the second half of each season. Tomato yield was 38% greater in 2012 than in 2010 and averaged over the 2 years, 48% higher in the DR than in the OH systems, respectively, due presumably to the higher soil water evaporation losses of the OH system relative to the DR system and also, we propose, to the ability of the drip system to very precisely apply in-season fertigations directly to the crop root zone while OH fertigations were applied at the soil surface and over a greater area. Soluble solids concentration of fruit in 2010 was 5.99% for the DR system and 6.65% for the OH system providing further evidence of water stress in the OH tomatoes. Production costs associated with transitioning from a subsurface drip tomato crop to a sprinkler or surface drip-irrigated crop such as onion (Allium cepa) or garlic (Allium sativum) could be $130 to $420 per acre lower with the OH system compared with the drip system, if yields were maintained. Because operation and labor costs of OH systems are typically lower than those of DR systems, further research on OH irrigation of tomato is warranted to address the shortcomings of OH management that this study has identified.

scholarly journals Fertilizer for Sweet Pepper Under Drip Irrigation in an Oxisol in Northwestern Puerto Rico

1969 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-128
Author(s):  
J. C. W. Keng ◽  
T. W. Scott ◽  
M. A. Lugo-López
Keyword(s):  
Drip Irrigation ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sweet Pepper ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Wet Season ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
K Fertilizer

A drip irrigation system using porous plastic tubing was designed to study operational techniques of drip irrigation and fertilizer management in a highly weathered, leached, relatively low fertility, acid Oxisol. Sweet pepper (Capsicum annuum) was the test crop. All plots received an initial broadcast application of a 10-4.4-8.3 N-P-K fertilizer at the rate of 80 kg/ha. The experiment followed a randomized complete block layout with 4 treatments and 6 replications. The treatments were as follows: 1) N and K injected into the drip system, P banded; 2) banded N, P and K with drip irrigation; 3) broadcast N, P and K with drip irrigation; and 4) control-drip irrigation, no N, P and K other than the initial overall broadcast application. All treatments, except the control, received a total of 56.8 g of a 10-10-10 fertilizer per plant and all were uniformly drip irrigated according to pan evaporation data. Two crops were grown: one in the dry season and one in wet season. Yields were significantly different among all treatments for the dry season crop, with a high of 82.62 kg/ha for the treatments where Nand K were injected into the drip system and a low of 31.54 kg/ha for the control. For the wet season crop, no significant yield differences were found when fertilizer was injected into the drip system and when banded, but both these treatments were superior in yield to that of broadcast. These three treatments were superior to the control, with more than 100% increase. Drip irrigation is a promising alternative to currently used water-nutrient management methods for Oxisols in the wet-dry tropics.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Different Irrigation System for Cotton Crop in District Rahim Yar Khan, Punjab, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 131-138
Author(s):  
Muhammad Yousaf Ali
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Plant Root ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Sprinkler Irrigation ◽  
Water Saving ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Water Losses ◽  
Day By Day

The biggest responsibility of agriculture department is to produce food and cloth for huge population using the resource getting limited day by day. Water scarcity is most threatening among these limiting factors. New techniques are being developed day by day to utilize the water efficiently. Application of water only in the plant root zone will be one of the water saving technique to grow crops. This will control the losses due to evaporation and leaching. Irrigation to soil does not control the climate variables and precipitation cannot be substituted to irrigation. Sprinkler irrigation could be one of the way to utilize the water efficiently by in time application and reducing the losses of leaching and evaporation along with amelioration of micro climate of the crop. Canals and tube well water is conventionally given to crop through flood irrigation. These fields are in direct threat of evaporation and leaching resulting in excess water losses and damaging the soil quality. The study was designed taking cotton as experimental crop to calculate comparisons in plant growth parameters and yields along with water saving ability of different irrigation system. Maximum yield was obtained from sprinkler irrigation and water was saved under drip irrigation system.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation System using Wireless Control

2019 ◽  
Vol 18 (3-2) ◽  
pp. 42-46
Author(s):  
Muhammad Rusydi Muhammad Razif ◽  
Preetharan Ravindran ◽  
Ili Najaa Aimi Mohd Nordin ◽  
Nor Saradatul Akmar Zulkifli
Keyword(s):  
Water Consumption ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Sprinkler System ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Automated System ◽  
Drainage Ditches ◽  
Wireless Control ◽  
The Cost

Traditional methods of irrigation and fertilizing is very time consuming for farmers. Over-irrigation as well as leaching of fertilizers below the root zone, erosion, and transport of soil and chemical particles to the drainage ditches can increase energy and water consumption in farming. A single systems combining irrigation and fertilizing will greatly reduce the cost and time needed in farming. There are two types of fertilizers available for home gardener – granular and water-soluble fertilizers. Generally, granular fertilizers release nutrient gradually but can last longer than water-soluble fertilizers. This project will provide an automated system for irrigation and fertilizing for plantation using Arduino as the microcontroller. This system will include a mobile application to control the amount of water during the irrigation and fertilizing processes. The microcontroller communicates with the mobile application via internet using the Wi-Fi modulator. Then, the microcontroller processes the information and operates the irrigation and fertilizing pumps which supplies water and fertilizer through the sprinkler system in the field. Any feedback will be sent to the user through the mobile application.

Reduced growth and yield of wheat with conservation cropping. I. Field studies in the first year of the cropping phase

1994 ◽  
Vol 45 (3) ◽  
pp. 511 ◽  
Author(s):  
JA Kirkegaard ◽  
JF Angus ◽  
PA Gardner ◽  
W Muller
Keyword(s):  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Rooting Depth ◽  
First Year ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Stubble Retention ◽  
Direct Drilling

An experiment was conducted on a red earth at Harden, N.S.W., to investigate the effects of tillage and stubble management on the growth and yield of wheat in the first year of conservation cropping. Treatments involved stubble-management systems of incorporation, burning or retention combined with tillage systems of either direct drilling or minimum tillage. The experiment was conducted on an oat stubble of 3.9 t ha-1. Direct drilling and stubble retention both reduced seedling growth by 15%, compared to cultivated and stubble burnt treatments, but had no effect on plant density or tillering. The effects on shoot growth were additive and persisted until maturity, leading to grain yields which varied from 2.16 t ha-1 for the stubble-mulched, direct-drilled treatment to 3.20 t ha-1 for the burned-stubble, minimum-till treatment. Direct drilling reduced the total root length in the profile (0-160 cm) at anthesis by 40%, but there was no effect of stubble retention. Reduced shoot growth and rooting depth on direct-drilled and stubble-retained treatments reduced the recovery of water and mineral N by the crop and increased the leaching of mineral N below the root zone. Early shoot growth reductions on direct-drilled plots were not related to levels of soil water, mineral nitrogen (N) or soil temperature. Reduced shoot growth was associated with increased severity of Rhizoctonia in some direct drilled plots, but growth reductions often occurred in the absence of obvious symptoms. High soil strength (>2 MPa) in the top 10 cm of soil may have contributed to reduced growth, although the exact mechanism remains unclear. Reduced growth associated with the presence of stubble was not caused by immobilization of N or increased leaf disease, although reduced soil temperatures may have been partly responsible.

scholarly journals Evaluating recycling fertilizers for tomato cultivation in hydroponics, and their impact on greenhouse gas emissions

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aladdin Halbert-Howard ◽  
Franziska Häfner ◽  
Stefan Karlowsky ◽  
Dietmar Schwarz ◽  
Ariane Krause
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
Ghg Emissions ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Shoot Biomass ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Closed Chamber ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Mineral Mixture ◽  
Marketable Fruit

Abstract Soilless culture systems offer an environmentally friendly and resource-efficient alternative to traditional cultivation systems fitting within the scheme of a circular economy. The objective of this research was to examine the sustainable integration of recycling fertilizers in hydroponic cultivation—creating a nutrient cycling concept for horticultural cultivation. Using the nutrient film technique (NFT), three recycling-based fertilizer variants were tested against standard synthetic mineral fertilization as the control, with 11 tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pannovy) per replicate (n = 4) and treatment: two nitrified urine-based fertilizers differing in ammonium/nitrate ratio (NH4+:NO3−), namely (1) “Aurin” (AUR) and (2) “Crop” (CRO); as well as (3) an organo-mineral mixture of struvite and vinasse (S+V); and (4) a control (NPK). The closed chamber method was adapted for gas fluxes (N2O, CH4, and CO2) from the root zone. There was no indication in differences of the total shoot biomass fresh matter and uptake of N, P and K between recycling fertilizers and the control. Marketable fruit yield was comparable between NPK, CRO and S+V, whereas lower yields occurred in AUR. The higher NH4+:NO3− of AUR was associated with an increased susceptibility of blossom-end-rot, likely due to reduced uptake and translocation of Ca. Highest sugar concentration was found in S+V, which may have been influenced by the presence of organic acids in vinasse. N2O emissions were highest in S+V, which corresponded to our hypothesis that N2O emissions positively correlate with organic-C input by the fertilizer amendments. Remaining treatments showed barely detectable GHG emissions. A nitrified urine with a low NH4+:NO3– (e.g., CRO) has a high potential as recycling fertilizer in NFT systems for tomato cultivation, and S+V proved to supply sufficient P and K for adequate growth and yield. Alternative cultivation strategies may complement the composition of AUR.

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