scholarly journals AUTOMATIC CONTROL OF A ROOM VENTILATION SYSTEM BY A SINGLE FAN ACTUATOR

Author(s):  
Tomomasa Yamasaki ◽  
Takashi Kaburagi ◽  
Toshiyuki Matsumoto ◽  
Satoshi Kumagai ◽  
Yosuke Kurihara ◽  
...  
10.29007/h7ql ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tich Thien Truong ◽  
Quoc Bao Cao

In Vietnam, the operating room (OR) is used with max productivity. So, how to maintain comfort environment level, which is one of the assignments in designing and installing the operating room. In this study, the OR model is designed based on ASHRAE 170 – 2013 standard [1], and dimensions are referred to as “Comparison of Operating Room Ventilation System in the Protection of the Surgical Site” [2]. ANSYS CFX is used for calculating and simulating velocity and temperature of surveyed air points inside the room by many cases. A face temperature between 20,3 and 20,6 °C and a velocity of around 0,15 to 0,18 m/s is provided from the same laminar diffuser array. From the results, the OR comfort level is reviewed through the ADPI index.


Author(s):  
Anake Pomprapa ◽  
Danita Muanghong ◽  
Marcus Köny ◽  
Steffen Leonhardt ◽  
Philipp Pickerodt ◽  
...  

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the open lung concept (OLC) using artificial intelligence. In addition, mean arterial blood pressure (MAP) is stabilized by means of a decoupling controller with automated noradrenaline (NA) dosage to ensure adequate systemic perfusion during ventilation therapy for patients with acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Design/methodology/approach – The aim is to develop an automatic control system for mechanical ventilation therapy based on the OLC using artificial intelligence. In addition, MAP is stabilized by means of a decoupling controller with automated NA dosage to ensure adequate systemic perfusion during ventilation therapy for patients with ARDS. Findings – This innovative closed-loop mechanical ventilation system leads to a significant improvement in oxygenation, regulates end-tidal carbon dioxide for appropriate gas exchange and stabilizes MAP to guarantee proper systemic perfusion during the ventilation therapy. Research limitations/implications – Currently, this automatic ventilation system based on the OLC can only be applied in animal trials; for clinical use, such a system generally requires a mechanical ventilator and sensors with medical approval for humans. Practical implications – For implementation of a closed-loop ventilation system, reliable signals from the sensors are a prerequisite for successful application. Originality/value – The experiment with porcine dynamics demonstrates the feasibility and usefulness of this automatic closed-loop ventilation therapy, with hemodynamic control for severe ARDS. Moreover, this pilot study validated a new algorithm for implementation of the OLC, whereby all control objectives are fulfilled during the ventilation therapy with adequate hemodynamic control of patients with ARDS.


2020 ◽  
Vol 28 (02) ◽  
pp. 2050019
Author(s):  
Ali Hasan

Recent concerns raised by the World Health Organization over the Coronavirus raised a worldwide reaction. Governments are racing to contain and stop the Coronavirus from reaching an epidemic/pandemic status. This research presents a way in tracking such a virus or any contagious germ capable of transferring through air specifically where such a transfer can be assisted by a mechanical room ventilation system. Tracking the spread of such a virus is a complicated process, as they can exist in a variety of forms, shapes, sizes, and can change with time. However, a beginning has to be made at some point. Assumptions had to be made based on published scientific data, and standards. The tracking of airborne viruses was carried out on the following assumption (for illustrative purposes); one person with one sneeze in a period of 600 s. The presence of viruses was tracked with curves plotted indicating how long it could take to remove the sneezed viruses from the mechanically ventilated room space. Results gave an indication of what time span is required to remove airborne viruses. Thus, we propose the following: (a) utilizing CFD software as a possible tool in optimizing a mechanical ventilation system in removing contagious viruses. This will track the dispersion of viruses and their removal. The numerical solution revealed that with one typical adult human sneeze, it can take approximately 640 s to reduce an average sneeze of 20,000 droplets to a fifth; (b) upscaling the status of human comfort to a “must have” with regards to the 50% relative humidity, and the use of Ultraviolet germicidal irradiation (UVGI) air disinfection in an epidemic/pandemic condition. A recommendation can be presented to the local authorities of jurisdiction in enforcing the above proposals partially/fully as seen fit as “prevention is better than cure”. This will preclude the spread of highly infectious viruses in mechanically ventilated buildings.


Author(s):  
José A Orosa ◽  
Ángel M Costa ◽  
José A Pérez

Maritime transport is one of the primary international objectives for energy saving and pollution reduction, in agreement with the International Maritime Organization. Within the most interesting energy-saving topics, the ventilation system of the engine room must be highlighted, which represents about 5% of the nominal power of a modern ship. Nevertheless, its energetic optimization is not simple and must consider also work risk criteria, since the engine room is the hottest and, in consequence, one of the hazardous places in the ship. In this research, a complete three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics model of the engine room of a real ship has been developed in order to identify the hottest places and fully characterize their thermal conditions. On the basis of this analysis, a mathematical model of the maximum working time allowed has been defined, which can be directly used to design an efficient control algorithm for the ventilation system. In a complementary way, the minimum time required to rest in the control engine room to release the cumulated heat has also been analysed, in order to optimize its set-point conditions.


Author(s):  
Н.М. ЛАТЫШЕНОК

Проблема и цель. В период хранения зерна в нем происходят сложные физиологические процессы, которые могут сопровождаться изменением температуры и влажности зерновой массы, интенсивным развитием в ней микроорганизмов и насекомых-вредителей и т. д. Для недопущения подобных явлений в зернохранилищах используются системы активной вентиляции (САВ) зерновой насыпи. Для повышения эффективности работы САВ в странах Северной Америки и ЕС используют сложные электронные блоки управления (ЭБУ), которые на порядок дороже простых и требуют для их программирования высокой квалификации обслуживающего персонала. Поэтому на сегодняшний день наиболее перспективным направлением развития автоматических систем управления вентиляционными установками зернохранилищ является использование простых ЭБУ в комплекте с комбинированными электронными контрольно-измерительными устройствами (датчиками). Целью настоящего исследования было сравнение эффективности работы систем активного вентилирования в металлическом силосе и принудительной аэрации в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой за счет применения простых ЭБУ при хранении семенного зерна. Методология. В качестве объекта исследования были взяты технологии управления системой активного вентилирования с использованием простых ЭБУ и принудительной аэрации зерновой насыпи в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой, управляемой ЭБУ в комплекте с комбинированными электронными контрольно-измерительными устройствами. Образцами для исследования служили семена яровой пшеницы «КВС Аквилон», полученные от пересева элитных семян третьего поколения категории РС-3. В ходе сравнительных испытаний оценивалось влияние исследуемых технологий на условия хранения семенного зерна и жизнедеятельность насекомых-вредителей. Результаты. Применение САВ в металлических силосах с автоматическим управлением простым ЭБУ не обеспечивает достаточной сохранности посевных качеств семенного зерна. Так, как в процессе его сезонного хранения не исключена вероятность образования конденсата влаги на внутренней стенке силоса, отпотевания зерна, наблюдался рост популяции насекомых- вредителей. Замена САВ на систему принудительной вентиляции в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой, управляемую ЭРУ на основе микропроцессора Arduino UNО и комбинированных датчиков-регистраторов температуры и влажности воздуха DT 171, позволяет сохранить репродуктивные свойства семян, при этом более интенсивно проводить охлаждение зерна за счет естественного теплообмена с окружающей средой и сократить более чем в 20 раз популяцию насекомых-вредителей. Заключение. Применение контейнеров с регулируемой воздушной средой, управляемой работой ЭБУ на основе микропроцессора Arduino UNО и комбинированных датчиков-регистраторов температуры и влажности воздуха DT 171, позволяет сохранить посевные качества зерна, при этом снизить затраты электроэнергии и трудоемкость выполнения работ, проводить эффективную борьбу с насекомыми-вредителями за счет разрежённости воздушной среды. Problem and goal. During the period of grain storage, complex physiological processes occur in it, which can be accompanied by changes in the temperature and humidity of the grain mass, the intensive development of microorganisms and insect pests in it, etc.To prevent such phenomena in granaries, active ventilation systems of the grain embankment are used. To improve the efficiency of the SAA in North America and the EU, complex electronic control units are used, which are much more expensive than simple ones and require highly qualified service personnel to program them. Therefore, to date, the most promising direction of development of automatic control systems for ventilation installations of grain storage facilities is the use of a simple EBU complete with combined electronic control and measuring devices (sensors). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of active ventilation systems in a metal silo and forced aeration in a sealed container with a controlled air environment through the use of simple ECUs in the storage of seed grain. Methodology. As the object of research, the technologies of controlling the active ventilation system using simple ECUs and forced aeration of the grain mound in a sealed container with a controlled air environment controlled by the ECU, complete with combined electronic control and measuring devices, were taken. The samples for the study were the seeds of spring wheat "KVS Aquilon", obtained from the re-sowing of elite seeds of the third generation of the RS-3 category. In the course of comparative tests, the influence of the studied technologies on the storage conditions of seed grain and the vital activity of insect pests was evaluated. Results. The use of SAV in metal silos with automatic control of a simple ECU does not provide sufficient safety of the sowing qualities of seed grain. Since in the process of its seasonal storage, the probability of the formation of moisture condensation on the inner wall of the silo, the sweating of grain, an increase in the population of insect pests was observed. Replacing SAV with a forced ventilation system in a sealed container with a controlled air environment controlled by ERU based on the Arduino UNO microprocessor and combined sensors-recorders of temperature and humidity DT 171, allows you to preserve the reproductive properties of seeds, while more intensively cooling the grain due to natural heat exchange with the environment and reducing the population of insect pests by more than 20 times. Conclusions. The use of sealed containers with controlled air mediumcontrolled operation of the ECU based on the Arduino UNO microprocessor and combined sensors-recorders of air temperature and humidity DT 171 allows you to preserve the sowing quality of grain, while reducing the cost of electricity and labor intensity of work, to effectively combat insect pests due to the sparsity of the air environment


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