scholarly journals PROSPECTS FOR THE USE OF AN ELECTRONIC CONTROL UNIT FOR GRAIN AERATION IN SEALED CONTAINERS WITH A CONTROLLED AIR ENVIRONMENT

Author(s):  
Н.М. ЛАТЫШЕНОК

Проблема и цель. В период хранения зерна в нем происходят сложные физиологические процессы, которые могут сопровождаться изменением температуры и влажности зерновой массы, интенсивным развитием в ней микроорганизмов и насекомых-вредителей и т. д. Для недопущения подобных явлений в зернохранилищах используются системы активной вентиляции (САВ) зерновой насыпи. Для повышения эффективности работы САВ в странах Северной Америки и ЕС используют сложные электронные блоки управления (ЭБУ), которые на порядок дороже простых и требуют для их программирования высокой квалификации обслуживающего персонала. Поэтому на сегодняшний день наиболее перспективным направлением развития автоматических систем управления вентиляционными установками зернохранилищ является использование простых ЭБУ в комплекте с комбинированными электронными контрольно-измерительными устройствами (датчиками). Целью настоящего исследования было сравнение эффективности работы систем активного вентилирования в металлическом силосе и принудительной аэрации в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой за счет применения простых ЭБУ при хранении семенного зерна. Методология. В качестве объекта исследования были взяты технологии управления системой активного вентилирования с использованием простых ЭБУ и принудительной аэрации зерновой насыпи в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой, управляемой ЭБУ в комплекте с комбинированными электронными контрольно-измерительными устройствами. Образцами для исследования служили семена яровой пшеницы «КВС Аквилон», полученные от пересева элитных семян третьего поколения категории РС-3. В ходе сравнительных испытаний оценивалось влияние исследуемых технологий на условия хранения семенного зерна и жизнедеятельность насекомых-вредителей. Результаты. Применение САВ в металлических силосах с автоматическим управлением простым ЭБУ не обеспечивает достаточной сохранности посевных качеств семенного зерна. Так, как в процессе его сезонного хранения не исключена вероятность образования конденсата влаги на внутренней стенке силоса, отпотевания зерна, наблюдался рост популяции насекомых- вредителей. Замена САВ на систему принудительной вентиляции в контейнере с регулируемой газовой средой, управляемую ЭРУ на основе микропроцессора Arduino UNО и комбинированных датчиков-регистраторов температуры и влажности воздуха DT 171, позволяет сохранить репродуктивные свойства семян, при этом более интенсивно проводить охлаждение зерна за счет естественного теплообмена с окружающей средой и сократить более чем в 20 раз популяцию насекомых-вредителей. Заключение. Применение контейнеров с регулируемой воздушной средой, управляемой работой ЭБУ на основе микропроцессора Arduino UNО и комбинированных датчиков-регистраторов температуры и влажности воздуха DT 171, позволяет сохранить посевные качества зерна, при этом снизить затраты электроэнергии и трудоемкость выполнения работ, проводить эффективную борьбу с насекомыми-вредителями за счет разрежённости воздушной среды. Problem and goal. During the period of grain storage, complex physiological processes occur in it, which can be accompanied by changes in the temperature and humidity of the grain mass, the intensive development of microorganisms and insect pests in it, etc.To prevent such phenomena in granaries, active ventilation systems of the grain embankment are used. To improve the efficiency of the SAA in North America and the EU, complex electronic control units are used, which are much more expensive than simple ones and require highly qualified service personnel to program them. Therefore, to date, the most promising direction of development of automatic control systems for ventilation installations of grain storage facilities is the use of a simple EBU complete with combined electronic control and measuring devices (sensors). The purpose of this study was to compare the efficiency of active ventilation systems in a metal silo and forced aeration in a sealed container with a controlled air environment through the use of simple ECUs in the storage of seed grain. Methodology. As the object of research, the technologies of controlling the active ventilation system using simple ECUs and forced aeration of the grain mound in a sealed container with a controlled air environment controlled by the ECU, complete with combined electronic control and measuring devices, were taken. The samples for the study were the seeds of spring wheat "KVS Aquilon", obtained from the re-sowing of elite seeds of the third generation of the RS-3 category. In the course of comparative tests, the influence of the studied technologies on the storage conditions of seed grain and the vital activity of insect pests was evaluated. Results. The use of SAV in metal silos with automatic control of a simple ECU does not provide sufficient safety of the sowing qualities of seed grain. Since in the process of its seasonal storage, the probability of the formation of moisture condensation on the inner wall of the silo, the sweating of grain, an increase in the population of insect pests was observed. Replacing SAV with a forced ventilation system in a sealed container with a controlled air environment controlled by ERU based on the Arduino UNO microprocessor and combined sensors-recorders of temperature and humidity DT 171, allows you to preserve the reproductive properties of seeds, while more intensively cooling the grain due to natural heat exchange with the environment and reducing the population of insect pests by more than 20 times. Conclusions. The use of sealed containers with controlled air mediumcontrolled operation of the ECU based on the Arduino UNO microprocessor and combined sensors-recorders of air temperature and humidity DT 171 allows you to preserve the sowing quality of grain, while reducing the cost of electricity and labor intensity of work, to effectively combat insect pests due to the sparsity of the air environment

2011 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1372-1380
Author(s):  
Valéria Maria Nascimento Abreu ◽  
Doralice Pedroso de Paiva ◽  
Paulo Giovanni de Abreu ◽  
Arlei Coldebella

It was evaluated the quality of rice husks or soybean straw as litter substrate and the effect of litter reuse for four consecutive flocks of broiler chickens on populations of darkling beetle and intestinal parasite and as organic fertilizer. The experiment was carried out in four 12 m × 10 m poultry houses, internally divided in 4 boxes/poultry house with 200 birds/pen for four consecutive flocks, each flock with a duration of 42 days and with a 15-day downtime between flocks. The evaluated treatments were two ventilation systems (stationary or oscillating fans) and two litter materials (soybean straw or rice husks). Darkling beetle population was followed by collecting the insects in traps, three traps per box, and endoparasite litter contamination was determined by eggs/oocyst counts per gram of litter. Levels of dry matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, potassium, copper, zinc, manganese, iron, organic carbon and pH were evaluated by physical/chemical analyses of samples of the litters in each flock. Overall, litters of broilers used by three flocks meet the minimal legal requirements to be marketed as simple organic fertilizer, regardless to the material used as substrate. Soybean straw presented higher darkling beetle counts in stationary ventilation system as well as in oscillating ventilation system. The probability of rice husks litter present contamination by Eimeria spp oocysts is 18.78 times higher in rice husks than in soybean straw litter when both are submitted to oscillating ventilation, and 1.32 higher when stationary ventilation is used. Litter temperature does not influence significantly levels of contamination by oocysts.


2018 ◽  
Vol 875 ◽  
pp. 137-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valery N. Azarov ◽  
Natalia M. Sergina ◽  
I.V. Stefanenko

It was proposed to use air flow screw straightened units in outlet pipe of the dust collectors to reduce the aerodynamic resistance of exhaust ventilation systems. It is allowed to decrease power consumption for their maintenance operation consequently. The article describes the results of experimental studies to evaluate its effectiveness by applying the tangential screw straightened unit within ventilation system. The obtained results showed that the use of this device allows reducing the aerodynamic resistance of the cyclone by 14.6%, and for counter-swirling flows’ dust collector (CSFC) by 17.2-23.6%. It was found that meanings of the aerodynamic resistance depend on value the share proportion of the flow entering into lower CSFC apparatus’ input.


2018 ◽  
Vol 196 ◽  
pp. 02007
Author(s):  
Arman Kostuganov ◽  
Yuri Vytchikov ◽  
Andrey Prilepskiy

The article describes development and application of self-contained ventilation systems in civil buildings. It suggests several models of air exchange within the building, compares these models and points out the variant of ventilating with self-contained mechanical systems with utilization of heat. The researchers conclude that structurally self-contained systems of mechanical ventilation with utilization of heat are most efficiently built into window constructions. This installation variant makes it possible to keep the interior, avoid building construction strengthening, shorten time and labor input of construction-assembling works, allow rational use of the vertical building envelopes area without extra space using. The paper key issue is the development of constructive solutions of self-contained ventilation systems main elements to ensure the possibility of their use in window structures. This research stage was developed with account of previous results of field tests and of such ventilation systems theoretical descriptions. The authors assess limit dimensions of the systems suitable for installment into window constructions of civil buildings in the view of modern Russian requirements to thermal protection. The research suggests a general constructive solution of such a ventilation system and a heat exchanger model which can be used as an air heat utilizer in these systems.


2018 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
pp. 00064
Author(s):  
Izabela Pietkun-Greber ◽  
Dariusz Suszanowicz

Increasingly more leisure facilities, such as water parks or indoor swimming pools are being built in Poland nowadays. In order to ensure the air quality required by standards for such leisure facilities it is necessary to fit them with effectively functioning ventilation. For the removal of excess humidity, as well as chlorine ions occurring as a result of the disinfection of water as well as the carbon dioxide emitted by people using the facility, the ventilation system needs to be appropriately designed and efficient. For this reason, studies into the air quality in such facilities were undertaken. The paper presents the causes and consequences of the inappropriate operation and maintenance of ventilation systems in swimming pools. The study found that the causes of deterioration in the technical condition of the system which was operated in an environment with chlorine ions were: an inappropriate manufacture of its components and the wrong choice of construction materials for the given environment of operation. Furthermore, failure to follow the manufacturer's guidelines for the operation and maintenance of the components of the ventilation system greatly precipitated its degradation and the occurrence of sick building syndrome in the swimming pool. Solutions were found and proposed in order to improve the efficiency of the ventilation system in the given swimming-pool facility.


2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Akram Abdul Hamid ◽  
Dennis Johansson ◽  
Michael Lempart

Cleaning coils can be an efficient way to reduce the need for reparations and maintain the functionality of a ventilation system. This study builds upon existing knowledge concerning the contamination of heat exchangers. Through field measurements on coils and heat-recovery units, a laboratory experiment on a coil, and a generic calculation example, this study determines the impact of sustained contamination on heat-recovery units with regards to energy use. Field measurements made before and after cleaning of heat exchangers show an average increase in the pressure drop by 12% and decrease in the thermal exchange efficiency by 8.1% due to mass deposited on the surface of the heat exchangers. Results from a laboratory test show a correlation between the mass deposited on a coil and (1) the increase in pressure drop over the coil, as well as (2) a diminishing heat exchange. Accumulating contamination on heat-recovery units in residential and commercial buildings (over time) is then linked to increasing pressure drop and diminishing thermal efficiency. With models based on these links, energy loss over time is calculated based on a generic calculation example in a realistic scenario. Practical application: The results from this study emphasize the need for maintenance of buildings with ventilation systems with coils, but more so those with heat-recovery units. The presented field measurements and laboratory study correlate energy loss with sustained accumulation of contaminants on coils and heat-recovery units. These results should serve as a recommendation to property owners considering maintenance of such units in their buildings.


2016 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 333-335
Author(s):  
Sebastian Buhl ◽  
Nicole Eschenbecher ◽  
Sabine Hentschel ◽  
Clemens Bulitta

AbstractThe issue of surgical site infections has become more critical during the last years. The number of airborne microbes depends on the number released by the staff in the room or supplied from neighbouring rooms. In order to minimize the risk of nosocomial infections during surgical procedures technical developments like ventilation systems were introduced in the operating room (OR). In this study several factors like clothing and types of ventilation systems have been investigated and their impact on the effectiveness for reducing microbial burden in the OR has been assessed. In case of OR-gowns we found a benefit for a disposable Swedish clothing concept regarding microbiological contamination in comparison with the German standard multiuse clothing. Moreover our study shows that there is comparable effectiveness of a fairly novel temperature controlled airflow ventilation system (TAF) compared to standard low turbulent uni-directional airflow (TAV).


2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 325-338
Author(s):  
H T Jadhav ◽  
S J Hoff

Abstract.The objective of this research was to develop and analyze the procedure for using recent air infiltration (AI) data collected from commercial swine finishing rooms (SFRs) in the design of negative pressure mechanical ventilation systems (VSs). Air infiltration is an integral part of any ventilation process. Infiltration reduces the pressure differential across planned inlets and at very low pressure differences, cold air jets may drop directly on the animals causing significant discomfort. In this article, a design procedure is proposed for swine housing ventilation systems with the influence of air infiltration included. The method was used on one SFR for which air infiltration data was collected by in-field testing. The air-jet throw, jet momentum number, a newly developed coverage factor, and Archimedes number were used to assess the influence of infiltration on predicted air-jet and fresh-air distribution and to help guide the design of planned inlets in SFR VSs with known infiltration. The analysis completed quantifies the severity of AI on air-jet and air distribution performance, and suggests that for the analysis room to ventilate properly requires a 50% reduction in AI levels beyond field measured curtain and fan infiltration. The analysis completed suggests a method for systematically planning three-dimensional ceiling inlet placement and operation and provides design guidance for new ceiling inlets suitable for SFR VSs. Keywords: Air distribution, Air-jets, Archimedes number, Infiltration, Jet Momentum Number.


Author(s):  
Maolin Tian ◽  
Wenxi Tian ◽  
Guanghui Su ◽  
Suizheng Qiu

Flow field analysis is a foundation to many thermal-dynamic phenomena in the nuclear containment. There are several ventilation systems under normal condition to assure the proper environment for staff and facilities, and the two main ventilation systems are the Reactor Pit Ventilation system (EVC) and the Containment Continuous Ventilation system (EVR). The fans of the ventilation systems recycle the air in the containment to various rooms, and cooling coils are cooled by the Nuclear Island Chilled Water system (DEG). In this paper, we simulated the 3D flow field in a Chinese traditional generation II+ PWR reactor containment under normal conditions with a commercial CFD software ANSYS FLUENT. According the actual geometry data of the reactor plant, we built the geometry model, including the EVC and EVR system, and they were checked by plant experts to assure authenticity. Proper maximum mesh sizes were set for different parts at the ICEM CFD, and the grid number was about ten millions. We used the fan model in the ANSYS FLUENT to simulate fans in the ventilations. The calculated values of flow rate in ventilation systems were in good agreement with the design values.


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