scholarly journals PRELIMINARY STUDY OF WUCHERERIA BANCROFTI L3 LARVAE DETECTION IN CULEX QUINQUEFASCIATUS AS VECTOR POTENTIAL OF FILARIASIS IN ENDEMIC AREA OF SOUTH TANGERANG, BY UTILIZING PCR ASSAY FOR L3-ACTIVATED CUTICLIN TRANSCRIPT mRNA GENE AND TPH-1 GENE

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 67
Author(s):  
Silvia Fitrina Nasution ◽  
Chris Adhiyanto ◽  
Evi Indahwati
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Filarial Parasite ◽  
Transmission Risk ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Mrna Gene ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Polymerase Chain

South Tangerang district is an endemic area for Wuchereria bancrofti filariasis with a prevalence rate of microfilaria (mf) at a range of 1 - 2.4% in 2008-2009. Culex quinquefasciatus plays an important role as the major vector of transmission for the parasite. It remains a problem on how to determine that the mosquitoe roles as a vector or disease transmitter when there is no evidence of filarial parasite larvae 3 (L3) by the microscopic examination. In assessing the transmission risk of the filarial parasite, a DNA-based detection method was carried out to specifically detect the presence of W. bancrofti infective L3 larvae in the mosquitoe. The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) was performed to detect a specific DNA obtained from W. bancrofti L3 larvae in a very low number or low antigen titer. The assay was purposed as preliminary study to detect the presence of L3 filarial of W.bancrofti in Cx. quinquefasciatus by utilizing the expression of L3-activated cuticlin transcript mRNA gene and tph-1 gene. The result of PCR based analysis of mosquitoes collected from the suggested area showed that there is a low but detectable number of L3 infected mosquito with W. bancrofti. Among the 18 isolated DNA samples of mosquitoes, we found 7 positive samples (38.89%) with the presence of filarial larvae DNA expressing L3-activated cuticlin transcript mRNA and tph-1 genes, which determined as 123 bp for Wb-cut-1.2 and 153bp for tph-1. In contrast by microscopic result, we found no evidence of L3 larvae of the parasite in the mosquitoe’s dissecting samples. The PCR assay in our study was proven sensitive to detect the presence of Wb-L3 filarial larvae in Cx. quinquefasciatus

scholarly journals Evaluation of Actin-1 Expression in Wild Caught Wuchereria bancrofti-Infected Mosquito Vectors

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Moses Edache Entonu ◽  
Aliyu Muhammad ◽  
Iliya S. Ndams ◽  
Giovanna Franciosa
Keyword(s):  
Anopheles Gambiae ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Mosquito Vectors ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time ◽  
Maxillary Palps

Background. Wuchereria bancrofti is the major cause of lymphatic filariasis transmitted by mosquito vectors. In the vector-parasite interaction and among other proteins, actin-1 has been implicated for successful transmission of the pathogen in laboratory-controlled experiments. However, validation of this finding from the pathogen’s natural environment is required. Objective. This study is aimed at evaluating actin-1 expression upon Wuchereria bancrofti infection in mosquito vectors collected during an epidemiology study in Tsafe Local Government Area of Zamfara State, Nigeria. Methods. Mosquitoes were collected and identified using morphological keys, which include length of maxillary palps, pale spots on the wings, and scale patterns on the abdomen. This was followed by detection of the 188 bp SspI marker of Wuchereria bancrofti infection using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The mRNA levels of the actin-1 gene were evaluated in the infected Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus and their controls, which were adult reared from the larvae in the study area. Results. The mosquitoes were identified to be Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus, while infection by Wuchereria bancrofti was confirmed by amplification of the 188 bp SspI marker. A 4.85 and 4.09 relative fold increase in actin-1 gene expression in Wuchereria bancrofti-infected Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus was observed. Thus, for the first time we reported that the actin-1 gene in wild caught mosquito vectors (Anopheles gambiae sl and Culex quinquefasciatus) infected with Wuchereria bancrofti is upregulated. Conclusion. The actin-1 gene is upregulated and similarly expressed during W. bancrofti infection in mosquito vectors in the study area and this may likely serve as a biomarker and viable strategy for the control of parasite transmission in endemic areas.

Vector survival and parasite infection: the effect of Wuchereria bancrofti on its vector Culex quinquefasciatus

Parasitology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 129 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. KRISHNAMOORTHY ◽  
S. SUBRAMANIAN ◽  
G. J. VAN OORTMARSSEN ◽  
J. D. F. HABBEMA ◽  
P. K. DAS
Keyword(s):  
Incubation Period ◽  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Geometric Mean ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Parasite Load ◽  
Infected Mosquito ◽  
Parasite Development ◽  
Mosquito Vector ◽  
Extrinsic Incubation Period ◽  
Parasite Loss

This paper investigates a cohort of 2187 laboratory reared Culex quinquefasciatus fed on 69 human volunteers, including 59 persons with different levels of Wuchereria bancrofti microfilariae and 10 without microfilaria. Mosquitoes were followed until death. Mosquito survival was analysed in relation to the level of microfilaria in the human and larval count in the dead mosquito. Vector mortality during the extrinsic incubation period (12 days post-engorgement) was significantly higher in mosquitoes fed on microfilaraemic volunteers (50%) than in those fed on amicrofilaraemics (29%). Both the percentage infected and the geometric mean parasite density was significantly higher among mosquitoes which died before 13 days (45% infected and 10 larvae per infected mosquito) than those surviving beyond 13 days (39% and 2·2), suggesting a parasite loss of more than 80% during the extrinsic incubation period. A large proportion (62%) of the mosquitoes that died during the early of phase of parasite development were infected (36% in low, 26% in medium and 90% in high human Mf-density). Survival analysis showed that the parasite load in mosquitoes and the human Mf-density for a given parasite load are independent risk factors of vector survival. Overall, the hazard of dying was found to be 11–15 times higher among mosquitoes fed on microfilaraemic volunteers than those fed on amicrofilaraemics. The hazard doubles for every increase of about 60–70 parasites in the vector. As a consequence of the parasite-induced reduction in vector survival, the transmission success of the parasite is reduced. The implication of the results on control/elimination of lymphatic filariasis using mass-drug administration is discussed.

scholarly journals Humans from Wuchereria bancrofti endemic area elicit substantial immune response to proteins of the filarial parasite Brugia malayi and its endosymbiont Wolbachia

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruchi Jha ◽  
Mamta Gangwar ◽  
Dhanvantri Chahar ◽  
Anand Setty Balakrishnan ◽  
Mahendra Pal Singh Negi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Brugia Malayi ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti ◽  
Filarial Parasite

scholarly journals Detection of protein against Wuchereria bancrofti infection in Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus say, 1823 from filariasis endemic area

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raden Roro Upiek Ngesti Wibawaning Astuti ◽  
Budi Mulyaningsih ◽  
RC Hidayat Soesilohadi ◽  
Suwarno Hadisusanto ◽  
Raden Wisnu Nurcahyo
Keyword(s):  
Culex Quinquefasciatus ◽  
Endemic Area ◽  
Wuchereria Bancrofti
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