scholarly journals The different symptoms determining management of hand foot and mouth disease and primary varicella zoster infection

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Maharani Laillyza Apriasari
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
The Body ◽  
Upper Lip ◽  
Varicella Zoster ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Hands And Feet ◽  
Varicella Zoster Infection

Background: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is a medical condition endemic among children in South-East Asia, including Indonesia and, more specifically, Banjarmasin – the capital of South Sulawesi. The disease is mediated by Enterovirus 71 and Coxsackievirus 16 which attack the oral cavity, hands, feet, buttocks and genital areas. One differential diagnosis of this disease is Primary Varicella Zoster infection. Both diseases have similar clinical symptoms but different etiologies which can precipitate errors in the administration of therapy Purpose: To elucidate the distinction between HFMD and Primary varicella zoster infection. Case: An 8 year-old male sought treatment complaining of ulcers on the upper maxillary gingiva followed by the appearance of itchy and painful lesions affecting the nose, upper lip, hands and feet. The patient’s mother reported his history of 39oC fever followed by the development of red spots and ulcers on the face, hands and feet which caused itching. Clinically, it is similar to Primary varicella zoster infection which can affect any part of the body. The patient only used an immunomodulator once a day and was actively seeking available healthcare. Case management: Extraoral examination confirmed the presence of multiple erythematous vesicles and ulcers, 2 mm in diameter, which caused a sensation of itching around the nose and upper lip region. Multiple painful and itchy red macules and vesicles, 3-6 mm in diameter, appeared not only on the patient’s palms, back of the hands and feet. Intraoral examination of the right maxillary gingiva revealed multiple painful ulcers, 1-2 mm in diameter and yellowish in appearance, surrounded by erythema. The results of history-taking implied that no lesions appeared on other parts of the body. Conclusion: While these conditions share similar clinical manifestations, their contrasting etiologies require different treatments. The ultimate diagnosis can be determined clinically by the dentist, thereby preventing errors in the administration of therapy.

scholarly journals Detection of hand, foot and mouth disease in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico

2014 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Machain-Williams ◽  
Alma R. Dzul-Rosado ◽  
Aarón B. Yeh-Gorocica ◽  
Katia G. Rodriguez-Ruz ◽  
Henry Noh-Pech ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yucatan Peninsula ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Nucleotide Sequencing ◽  
Yucatán Peninsula ◽  
Pubmed Database ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Hands And Feet

We report a case of hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) in a 5-year-old male from Merida City in the Yucatan Peninsula of Mexico. A clinical and physical examination revealed that the patient had symptoms typical of HFMD, including fever, fatigue, odynophagia, throat edema, hyperemia, lesions on the hands and feet, and blisters in the oral cavity. The patient fully recovered after a convalescence period of almost three weeks. Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and nucleotide sequencing revealed that the etiological agent was enterovirus 71 (EV71). The sequence has greatest (90.4%) nucleotide identity to the corresponding regions of EV71 isolates from the Netherlands and Singapore. Although HFMD is presumably common in Mexico, surprisingly there are no data in the PubMed database to support this. This case report provides the first peer-reviewed evidence of HFMD in Mexico.

scholarly journals Onychomadesis associated with hand, foot, and mouth disease: a prospective observational study from North Chennai

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 367
Author(s):  
Saraswathy Pichaachari ◽  
Jayanthi Nagappan Subramaniam ◽  
Sajeetha Sundaram
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Diagnosis ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Benign Condition ◽  
Human Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Hands And Feet

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is a common febrile illness caused by coxsackievirus A16 and human enterovirus 71 characterized by vesicular eruptions on hands and feet and enanthem on oral mucosa. Resolves usually without complications but onychomadesis can occur as a late sequlae sometimes.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Children with clinical diagnosis of HFMD between April to June 2018 were included in the study. Age, sex, duration of illness, cutaneous features and nail changes were noted at initial visit and during every week for next 6 weeks.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> 58 children were recruited in the study with boys to girl’s ratio 1.2:1. The average age was 5.3 years. The vesicular lesions predominantly involved palms and soles (88.3%). 65.5% had history of fever and pruritis was the commonest cutaneous symptom. 27 children (48.21%) developed onychomadesis during follow up with average time interval of 3.2 weeks between the clinical diagnosis and nail shedding. Reassurance about spontaneous resolution of the condition given to the parents.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Our study strengthened the association between the HFMD and occurrence of onychomadesis. Physician’s awareness about this benign condition is needed to avoid parental anxiety, unnecessary investigations and treatment for the children.   </p>

STUDY ON CLINICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF HAND FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN HUE CENTRAL HOSPITAL

2014 ◽  
pp. 37-40
Author(s):  
Nu Van Anh Ton ◽  
Din Rmah
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Central Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Foot And Mouth

Objectives: Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) caused by enterovirus, is a common infection in children. HFMD caused by enterovirus 71 can cause some serious complications, such as encephalitis-meningitis, myocarditis, pulmonary edema. The early detection of clinical manifestations of severe contribute to reducing mortality. So aim of this study to describe the clinical characteristics of hand foot and mouth disease in the Department of Pediatrics at Hue Central Hospital. Methods: Random sampling of all hospitalized patients from 1/2/2012 to 31/1/2013 diagnosed HFMD accompanied EV71 serum test. Method of cross-sectional descriptive study. Results and conclusions: with 441 patients admitted Hue Pediatrics Centre, 41,0% cause by EV71 and 59,0% cause by other enterovirus. 97,5% are under 5 years, male/female is 1,15/1. 68,5% coutryside. Almost patients admitted in 2rd and 3rd day (57.1%). Hospitalized reasons are fever (95,5%) and erythema rash. Majority of patients are grade 1 and 2a (87.3%). Grade 3 and 4 only (4.5%). Erythema higher proportion of vesicle, rash on foot is common.

HAND, FOOT AND MOUTH DISEASE IN SOUTH BENGAL AND KOLKATA: A STUDY OVER 5 YEARS TO EVALUATE CASES WITH CLINICAL SUSPICION

2021 ◽  
pp. 39-41
Author(s):  
Swagnik Roy ◽  
Bibhas SahaDalal ◽  
Rajat Dasgupta ◽  
Sourabh Mitra ◽  
Amrita Roy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Ev71 Infection ◽  
Human Enterovirus ◽  
Neurological Involvement ◽  
Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Hands And Feet

Hand, foot, and mouth disease is a very infective infection. It's caused by viruses from the Enterovirus genus, among the Enterovirus genus coxsackievirus is most commonly found associated with Hand , Foot and Mouth disease. Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) causes rashes or vesicular lesions in the affected individuals and lesions are found in extremities and upper extremity lesion is more common along with feet and mouth. It is mostly seen in school going children, and causative agents are likely Enterovirus-A (EV-A) species, including Coxsackievirus-A16 (CV-A16) and Enterovirus-71 (EV-71) [1]. Hand , Foot and Mouth Disease is usullay mild and selimiting. In the affected patient's rst identied by a brief prodromal fever, followed by pharyngitis, mouth ulcers and rash on the hands and feet. The disease is caused by numerous members of the Enterovirus genus of the family Picornaviridae e.g. Coxsackievirus type A (CA) and Enterovirus 71 (EV71), and the clinical features are not identiable and distinguishable from virus to virus. [2] . Young children have the highest risk of getting hand, foot, and mouth disease. Risk increases if they attend daycare or school, as viruses can spread quickly in these facilities. Children usually build up immunity to the disease after being exposed to the viruses that cause it. This is why the condition rarely affects people over age 10. However, it's still possible for older children and adults to get the infection, especially if they have weakened immune systems. EV71 is a human enterovirus A species causing infection in clildren[3,4] . Clinically though it is mild symptoms and self limiting initially, such as a fever along with unraised colorless spots, and bumps on the hands, feet, and mouth. In some patients with severe disease several neurological complications (including cephalomeningitis, encephalitis, and neurogenic pneumonedema) and circulatory disorders. Occasionally, it even causes death [5]. Therefore, an early indicator of EV71 infection with neurological involvement is crucial for appropriate management [6]. Hand, foot, and mouth disease by enterovirus infection repots severe complications (such as brain stem encephalitis, neurogenic pulmonary edema, and other fatal complications) and a high mortality due to HFMD are more frequently related to EV71 infection[7,8] .

scholarly journals DNA methylation and SNP in IFITM3 are correlated with hand, foot and mouth disease caused by enterovirus 71

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 199-208
Author(s):  
Mei Li ◽  
Ya-Ping Li ◽  
Hui-Ling Deng ◽  
Mu-Qi Wang ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth

scholarly journals Advances in Antigenic Peptide-Based Vaccine and Neutralizing Antibodies against Viruses Causing Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 1256 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohd Anasir ◽  
Chit Poh
Keyword(s):  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Antigenic Peptide ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
Inactivated Vaccine ◽  
Antigenic Peptides ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Etiological Agents

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) commonly produces herpangina, but fatal neurological complications have been observed in children. Enterovirus 71 (EV-A71) and Coxsackievirus 16 (CV-A16) are the predominant viruses causing HFMD worldwide. With rising concern about HFMD outbreaks, there is a need for an effective vaccine against EV-A71 and CV-A16. Although an inactivated vaccine has been developed against EV-A71 in China, the inability of the inactivated vaccine to confer protection against CV-A16 infection and other HFMD etiological agents, such as CV-A6 and CV-A10, necessitates the exploration of other vaccine platforms. Thus, the antigenic peptide-based vaccines are promising platforms to develop safe and efficacious multivalent vaccines, while the monoclonal antibodies are viable therapeutic and prophylactic agents against HFMD etiological agents. This article reviews the available information related to the antigenic peptides of the etiological agents of HFMD and their neutralizing antibodies that can provide a basis for the design of future therapies against HFMD etiological agents.

scholarly journals Meteorological factors affect the hand, foot, and mouth disease epidemic in Qingdao, China, 2007–2014

2016 ◽  
Vol 144 (11) ◽  
pp. 2354-2362 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. C. JIANG ◽  
F. YANG ◽  
L. CHEN ◽  
J. JIA ◽  
Y. L. HAN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meteorological Factors ◽  
Enterovirus 71 ◽  
Rank Correlation ◽  
Foot And Mouth Disease ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Atmospheric Temperature ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Mouth Disease ◽  
Foot And Mouth ◽  
Spearman Rank Correlation Analysis

SUMMARYHand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) has caused public health concerns worldwide. We aimed to investigate the effect of meteorological factors on the HFMD epidemic in Qingdao, a port city in China. A total of 78641 cases were reported in Qingdao between January 2007 and December 2014. Of those, 71084 (90·39%) occurred in children aged 0–5 years, with an incidence of 1691·2/100000. The incidence increased from early spring, peaked between spring and summer, and decreased in late summer. Aetiological agents in all severe cases and selected mild cases were characterized by examining throat swabs. Except for enterovirus 71 (EV71) and coxsackievirus A16 (CA16), other EVs caused >50% of the HFMD cases between 2011 and 2014. EV71 was more frequent in the off-peak months than in the peak months and prone to causing more severe cases compared to CA16 (χ2 = 46·3, P < 0·001). CA10 caused more severe HFMD than did CA6 (χ2 = 20·49, P < 0·001) and all non-CA10 EVs (χ2 = 41·01, P < 0·001). Community-derived HFMD cases accounted for 65·11%. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that HFMD incidence in children aged 0–5 years was positively correlated with atmospheric temperature (rs = 0·77, P < 0·001), relative humidity (rs = 0·507, P < 0·001), and precipitation (rs = 0·328, P < 0·001). Climate changes and CA10 surveillance in communities should be integrated into the current prophylactic programme.

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