Farmers’ Capacity and Rice Productivity in Climate Change Adaptation in Central Lampung Regency, Indonesia

Climate change is an extreme natural change condition due to global warming that cannot be avoided, and will have a broad impact on various aspects of life, including the agricultural sector. The impact of climate change that occurs in the agricultural sector, namely flood and drought that cause plants to crop failure , is becoming greater, causing significant reduction in agricultural production, especially rice, requiring that farmers have the ability to adapt to climate change. The purposes of this study are to analyze the relationship between the performance level of agricultural extension workers and the capacity level of farmers in regard to climate change adaptation, and to analyze the relationship between the level of farmer capacity in climate change adaptation and rice productivity. The research was conducted in Central Lampung Regency in 2019 using a total of 100 rice farmers. The data analysis method used is Spearman rank correlation analysis. The results show that the performance level of agricultural instructors is significantly related to the level of knowledge capacity, attitude, and skills of farmers in climate change adaptation. Knowledge capacity, attitude, and skills of farmers in climate change adaptation are significantly related to rice productivity.

Kinerja Gabungan Kelompok Tani dalam Meningkatkan Pendapatan Petani Karet di Kecamatan Banyuasin III, Kabupaten Banyuasin, Provinsi Sumatra Selatan

One such efforts to develop rubber business by forming a farmer group. This study aims to: (1) measure the level of performance the combined farmer group and the rubber farmer group, (2) measure the behavior rubber farmer, (3) calculate the production and income, (4) analyze the relationship the combined performance of the farmer group and the rubber farmer group with the behavior of rubber farmers, (5) analyzing the relationship behavior with production and income of rubber farmers. Research in the District Banyuasin III. This research method uses survey methods. Data from research and interviews made qualitatively presented in tabulation, mathematical calculations explained descriptively and Spearman Rank correlation analysis. Respondents are members of rubber farmers. The results of the study (1) the level of performance the combined farmer group high (98.00%) and the farmer group high (93.73%), (2) the behavior of farmers high (93.26%), (3) the average production (5,008 tons/year/cultivated) and average income of (Rp.33,600,059,122,-year/arable), (4) there is a significant relationship the performance of Gapoktan and Poktan with the behavior of rubber farmers, the value of Spearman Rank correlation coefficient 0.340 and 0.374 α 0.01, (5) there is no relationship behavior and production and income of rubber farmers with Spearman Rank correlation coefficient -0.032 and -0.070.

Inverse Associations Between Circulating Secreted Frizzled Related Protein 2 (sFRP2) and Cardiometabolic Risk Factors

Background: Secreted frizzled-related protein 2 (sFRP2) plays an important role in metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); However, its relevance with cardiometabolic diseases remains to be elucidated. We aimed to determine the serum levels of sFRP2 in patients at different stages of heart failure (HF) with or without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and assess the correlation between circulating sFRP2 levels and cardiometabolic risk factors.Methods: In this study, serum samples from 277 patients visiting Zhongshan Hospital affiliated to Fudan University were collected. These patients were clinically diagnosed and categorized as five groups, including the control group, pre-clinical HF group, pre-clinical HF+T2DM group, HF group and HF+T2DM group. Serum sFRP2 levels were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) tests and the clinical characteristics of each patient were recorded. Spearman rank correlation analysis and multiple stepwise linear regression analysis were conducted. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analysis were performed to screen risk factors for HF in patients with CVDs.Results: Serum sFRP2 levels were significantly lower in the HF+T2DM group compared with the other four groups. Spearman rank correlation analysis showed that sFRP2 was negatively correlated with parameters including patients' age, fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycated hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), cardiac troponin T (cTNT), N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), left atrial dimension (LAD) and left ventricular posterior wall (LVPW), and positively correlated with hemoglobin, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), albumin, total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). However, in multiple regression analysis, significant associations with ln(sFRP2) were observed only in FPG, hs-CRP and LAD. Higher serum sFRP2 was significantly linked to lower odds of HF in patients with CVDs.Conclusion: sFRP2 progressively decreased when glucose homeostasis and cardiac function deteriorated. sFRP2 acted as a risk factor for HF in patients with CVDs, especially in those with concomitant T2DM.

Nutrients Consumption Affect the Number of Gastroesophageal Refluxes and Oesophageal Acidity in Children

Objectives To evaluate the correlation between types and number of gastroesophageal refluxes and nutrients consumption in children and adolescents. Methods The study was approved by IEC. The data of examination of 219 children (7–17 y.o.), 147 with GERD and 72 controls served as a source for the study. The amount and types of GER were determined using 24-hours esophageal pH-impedansometry (Ohmega, MMS, The Netherlands). Food frequency questionnaire was used to evaluate level of nutrients consumption. To make possible comparison of data obtained in different age and sex groups of children, direct levels of nutrients consumption were converted to a percentage deviation from the recommended daily allowance rates. Spearman rank correlation analysis was performed with the use of Statistica 10 (StatSoft Inc., USA) to reveal association between usual nutrition and number of gastroesophageal reflux episodes, their acidity and duration in children. Results Statistically significant (p < .05) correlation of Acid exposure time was found with amounts of PUFA (Spearman R = −0.334), ω-3 (R = −0.33), ω-6 (R = −0.3); retinols (R = −0.34), niacin (R = −0.28) and ascorbic acid (R = −0.37) consumption. The number of acid refluxes correlated with energy values of the ration (R = 0.269), amount of total protein (R = 0.279), total fat (R = 0.272), total carbohydrates (R = 0.152), and added sugar (R = 0.157) consumption. The number of weak-acid refluxes was not correlated with any of the parameters of actual nutrition. We found significant correlation between the number of non-acid refluxes and amount of PUFAs (R = 0.19), ω-6 (R = 0.151), ω-3 (R = 0.19); sodium (R = 0.158), phosphorus (R = 0.166), vitamin B1 (R = 0.17), niacin (R = 0.19), and ascorbic acid (0.23). Conclusions We found that types and number of gastroesophageal refluxes, as well as acidification of the lower part of oesophagus may be associated with diet in children. Our results may mean that different nutrients have different impact on esophageal motility in children. The results may have practical outcome for planning non-pharmacological intervention in children with GERD Funding Sources Ministry of Science and Hiigher Education of Russia, research project #0529–2019-0055.

Multiple Regression Modeling for Age Estimation by Assessment and Comparison of Spheno-Occipital Synchondrosis Fusion and Cervical Vertebral Maturation Stages

Objectives The aim of this study was (1) to evaluate the relationship between spheno-occipital synchondrosis (SOS) fusion stages, cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) stages, and clivus sizes with chronological age on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, and (2) to compare these methods for accurate age estimation using regression analysis. Materials and Methods The CBCT images of 200 individuals (102 females and 98 males) were included in the study. The SOS fusion stages and CVM stages were evaluated. The width and length of the clivus were measured. The effects of SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length on age estimation were evaluated by univariate tests and the effects of coexistence with ANCOVA and regression model. Spearman rank correlation analysis was also used to investigate the relationship between the SOS fusion stage, CVM stage, clivus width, and clivus length. Results The SOS stages, CVM stages, and clivus width were not shown statistically significant differences between the sexes (p-values = 0.205, 0.162, and 0.277, respectively), whereas clivus length was significantly longer in males (42.9 ± 4.26 mm) than in females (41.04 ± 3.74 mm). Multiple regression analysis showed 80% success when all parameters (SOS fusion stages, CVM stages, clivus width, and clivus length) were taken into consideration. Conclusion In conclusion, with the use of CVM stages and SOS fusion stages together, an accurate and reliable age estimation can be obtained in forensic medicine.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI PEDAGOGIK GURU TERHADAP MOTIVASI BELAJAR PESERTA DIDIK DI MADRASAH ALIYAH SERBA BAKTI TASIKMALAY

This study aims to determine the positive effect between the teacher's pedagogical competencies on the learning motivation of students in the Madrasah Aliyah Serba Bakti of the Suryalaya Islamic Boarding School. The method used in this study is a descriptive method through a quantitative approach with a population of 357 people, and a sample of 36 people using data collection techniques namely questionnaires, observation, and documentation. To test variables x and y are done by determining the mean value which is interpreted using the interpretation scale classification, as well as for the relationship between variables x and y used Spearman Rank correlation analysis techniques, and hypothesis testing using t-test. Based on the results of data processing, it is found that the influence of teacher pedagogical competence on student motivation in Madrasah Aliyah Serba Bakti of the Suryalaya Islamic Boarding School has a significant positive effect with a sufficient category, proven rs = 0.522 at intervals 0.41 to 0.60 and t_count (3.57) is greater instead of t_table (1,691). Teacher pedagogical competence determines student learning motivation by 27.25% while the remaining 72.75% is determined by other factors.

Urinary Soluble CD163 and Disease Activity in Biopsy-Proven ANCA-Associated Glomerulonephritis

Background and objectivesANCA-associated GN is a common cause of rapidly progressive GN, with high relapse rates. The early recognition of an ANCA-associated GN relapse is of importance to prevent loss of kidney function. Urinary soluble CD163 has been identified as a promising marker of active ANCA-associated GN. Previous studies, however, are limited by the lack of histologic data.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsWe analyzed urinary soluble CD163 in 95 patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis who underwent a kidney biopsy. In total, 125 kidney tissue sections (first kidney biopsy, n=67; repeated biopsy, n=58) with concurrent 24-hour urine samples were studied. Correlation analyses comparing urinary soluble CD163 levels and morphologic features of ANCA-associated GN were performed using Spearman rank correlation analysis. The diagnostic performance of biomarkers to detect relapsing ANCA-associated GN was evaluated using receiver operating characteristics curve analysis.ResultsHigh levels of urinary soluble CD163 were found in 96 (87%) of 110 biopsies with active ANCA-associated GN compared with one (7%) of 15 biopsies without active ANCA-associated GN and one (6%) of 17 healthy controls. Urinary soluble CD163 correlated with fibrinoid necrosis (Rho=0.48, P<0.001) and cellular crescents (Rho=0.70, P<0.001) on kidney biopsy. In repeated biopsies, urinary soluble CD163’s sensitivity of 0.94 and specificity of 0.91 for the recognition of relapsing ANCA-associated GN appeared better than routine clinical measures. The presence of CD163+ cells in affected glomeruli confirmed urinary soluble CD163’s origin.ConclusionsUrinary soluble CD163 is associated with active ANCA-associated GN and correlates with histologic features as seen in ANCA-associated GN.PodcastThis article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2020_11_17_CJN07210520_final.mp3

Increased serum antimicrobial peptide LL-37 and HBD-2 combined with 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 deficiency in infants with pertussis

Introduction: Most children with serious infection diseases suffer from malnutrition. Vitamin D participates in the immune response through endogenous antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) regulation. The aim of this study is to investigate the expression of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 [25(OH)D3], AMPs [LL-37 and human β-defensin 2 (HBD-2)] in the children with pertussis. Methodology: Serum levels of 25(OH)D3, LL-37, and HBD-2 were detected in 116 children with pertussis aged at 1–12 months (67 males and 49 females). Fifty healthy infants at similar age were employed as normal controls. Results: The serum 25(OH)D3 levels in the children with mild (27.30 ± 5.98 ng/ml) and severe (24.40 ± 6.27 ng/ml) pertussis were significantly lower than that in the healthy group (30.16 ± 5.13 ng/ml; p <0.01). The vitamin D deficiency rates in children with mild (55.9%) and severe (78.12%) pertussis were significantly higher than that in the control group (34%; p < 0.01). The serum levels of LL-37 and HBD-2 were significantly higher in pertussis patients. Spearman rank correlation analysis did not show any correlation of 25-(OH)D3 with LL-37 or HBD-2. Conclusions: Most children with pertussis had vitamin D deficiency accompanied by elevated serum LL-37 and HBD-2 levels. However, the average level of 25(OH)D3 at 26.50 ng/ml in the infants with pertussis may not affect the immuno-regulatory ability; thus, the infants with pertussis still maintained a higher level of AMPs (LL-37 and HBD-2) against pertussis infection.

TRANSFORMATIONAL, AUTHENTIC, AND AUTHORITARIAN LEADERSHIP: WHICH ONE IS THE MOST INFLUENTIAL IN STAFFS’ SCHOOL PERFORMANCE IN JAKARTA INDONESIA

The research conducted in a religion based school in Gading-Serpong, Jakarta was conducted to determine the significance of leadership style toward the organizational culture and motivation in order to see the influence on the staff’s performance. Data obtained through questionnaires with total sampling method of 33 out of 34 employees. Data analysis is using Spearman Rank correlation analysis, correlation, and hypothesis testing. The result of the study showed that (1) the authentic leadership style is perceived higher than authoritarian and transformational leadership styles (2) The leadership style has a significant influence on the school staff’s motivation. This is indicated on the result of P-value that is 0.0000.(3) The leadership style does have an influence on the organizational culture as the the P value between dependent variable Leadership (KP) to independent variable Performance (KJ) with the intervening variable Culture Organization (BO) is 0.004 and it means there specific Indirect Effect is accepted since it is less than 0.005. whereas the P value between the dependent variable Leadership (KP) to independent variable Performance (KJ) with the intervening variable Motivation (MO) is 0.124. (4) The leadership style has also showed to have significant influence and direct effect on the staff’s performance. This is depicted by the result of the P values that is 0.001, which explained that leadership has a significant and direct effect on the workers’ performance, (5) The organizational culture has an influence toward the staff’s performance as based on the data, from all the result of the R-square for the Organizational culture (BO) is 0.56; that organizational culture as the intervening variable by 56% and (6) the staff’s motivation does not affect the staff’s performance as shown on the the P value is 0,082 which is more than 0.05, therefore Motivation of the staff does not affect the performance of the staff directly.

The effects of anchoring on backers' pledge in reward-based crowdfunding: evidence from Taiwanese market

PurposeCrowdfunding allows enterprises or individuals to collect funds from numerous other individuals. This study applies the anchoring effect and range theory in reward-based crowdfunding to explore how different pledge option designs affect the backers' final pledge amount. Moreover, this study examines whether showing the current average amount pledged in the fundraising process has an anchoring effect on the subsequent backers' pledge amount.Design/methodology/approachOnline experiments were conducted, and data were analyzed using the Kruskal–Wallis test and Spearman rank correlation analysis.FindingsResults show that among the three pledge option designs, employing the “bolstering range offer” has the highest backing amount. However, presenting the current average amount pledged in the fundraising process has a reversed anchoring effect on subsequent backers' pledge amount only in the case of a crowdfunding project in the physical goods category with a “point offer.”Originality/valueTo the best of authors’ knowledge, no reward-based crowdfunding platform has yet provided the pledge option design of a “bolstering range offer.” This study reveals that the “bolstering range offer” can significantly increase the amount pledged. This study extends the crowdfunding research area to crowdfunding success and suggests a novel way to set up pledges.