Animal health economics: an aid to decisionmaking on animal health interventions – case studies in the United States of America

2017 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-145
Author(s):  
T.L. MARSH ◽  
D. PENDELL ◽  
R. KNIPPENBERG
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Health Economics ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Health Interventions

scholarly journals The Online Sale of Antibiotics for Veterinary Use

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan F. Garcia ◽  
M. Jose Diez ◽  
Ana M. Sahagun ◽  
Raquel Diez ◽  
Matilde Sierra ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
The United States ◽  
Essential Medicines ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Veterinary Antibiotics ◽  
Inappropriate Use ◽  
Simple Search

Antibiotics are essential medicines against infectious diseases in both humans and animals. An inappropriate use of antibiotics can impair animal health and enhance the risk of bacterial resistance, as well as its transfer from animals to humans. The objective of this study was to assess the possibility of purchasing antibiotics for veterinary use on the internet, to evaluate if a prescription is required, and to determine the availability of drugs classified as the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HP-CIA). The Google and Bing search engines and both simple and complex search strings in Spanish and in English were used. The simple search string was “buy veterinary antibiotics”. Complex searches used wildcards and specific syntax. The searches carried out in Spanish revealed that 50% of websites operated in South America, and 65% of websites did not require a valid prescription. Fluoroquinolones were offered in 84% of these websites (45% without prescription), macrolides were offered in 63% of these websites (43% without prescription), and 3rd– and 4th–generation cephalosporins in 54% of these websites (38% without prescription). For the searches in English, 57% of these websites operated in the United States of America (USA), and 55% of them did not require a prescription. Fluoroquinolones were offered in 79% of these websites (49% without prescription), macrolides were offered in 72% of these websites (45% without prescription), and 3rd– and 4th–generation cephalosporins were offered in 49% of these websites (27% without prescription). Therefore, it is easy to illegally access antibiotics via the internet.

Qualitative Assessment of Deliberation

2018 ◽  
pp. 677-694
Author(s):  
Mark Bevir ◽  
Quinlan Bowman
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Deliberative Democracy ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
The United States ◽  
Speech Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Assessment ◽  
The Political ◽  
Qualitative Approaches ◽  
Comparative Case Studies

This chapter discusses three qualitative approaches to the assessment of deliberative participation: speech analysis, ethnography, and comparative case studies. In discussing these approaches, it considers exemplars of “problem-driven” research. With respect to research on deliberative democracy, problem-driven research may be characterized as research that is inspired by, and that seeks to contribute to the resolution of, substantive problems associated with the political project of deliberative democracy. The chapter illustrates what problem-driven research looks like by considering three qualitative exemplars of it: one involving speech analysis, another involving ethnography, and a third involving comparative case studies. Each exemplar is concerned with when and how citizens deliberate. Empirical evidence is primarily drawn from the United States of America, Brazil, Colombia, Uruguay, and Venezuela.

scholarly journals Morals in the United States of America: Are they in their death throes?

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 11-20
Author(s):  
John A. Cook
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Pharmaceutical Industry ◽  
Complex Systems ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
United States Of America ◽  
Food Industry ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Political ◽  
Good Sense ◽  
Governmental Institutions

This article explores the ethics of large complex systems in the United States of America in three major case studies: the food industry, the pharmaceutical industry and the political/governmental institutions. Using the simple Aristotelian heuristic of good sense, good character and good will, the conclusion is that ethics is not a high priority due in large part to the relentless pursuit of large sums of money at any cost.

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