veterinary antibiotics
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Antibiotics ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 77
Author(s):  
Friederike Hahne ◽  
Simon Jensch ◽  
Gerd Hamscher ◽  
Jessica Meißner ◽  
Manfred Kietzmann ◽  
...  

Prudent use of antibiotics in livestock is widely considered to be important to prevent antibiotic resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the interactions between biofilms and veterinary antibiotics in therapeutic concentrations administrated via drinking water through a standardized experimental setup. In this context, two biofilms formed by pseudomonads (Pseudomonas (P.) aeruginosa or P. fluorescens) and a susceptible Escherichia (E.) coli strain were developed in a nutrient-poor medium on the inner surface of polyvinyl chloride pipe pieces. Subsequently, developing biofilms were exposed to sulfadiazine/trimethoprim (SDZ/TMP) or tylosin A (TYL A) in dosages recommended for application in drinking water for 5 or 7 days, respectively. Various interactions were detected between biofilms and antibiotics. Microbiological examinations revealed that only TYL A reduced the number of bacteria on the surface of the pipes. Additionally, susceptible E. coli survived both antibiotic treatments without observable changes in the minimum inhibitory concentration to 13 relevant antibiotics. Furthermore, as demonstrated by HPLC-UV, the dynamics of SDZ/TMP and TYL A in liquid media differed between the biofilms of both pseudomonads over the exposure period. We conclude that this approach represents an innovative step toward the effective evaluation of safe veterinary antibiotic use.


2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson Evaldo Gehlen Bohrer ◽  
Elvis Carissimi ◽  
Divanilde Guerra ◽  
Danni Maisa Silva ◽  
Eduardo de Souza Lorensi ◽  
...  

Abstract The objective of this work was identify microorganisms present in swine effluent composting system, under the contamination by most use veterinary drugs in Brazil. The composting took place for 150 days, where was addition of 200 liters of manure (these 25 liters initially contaminated with 17 antibiotics) in 25 kg of eucalyptus wood shavings. Microorganisms were measured at times (0 until 150 days), and were identified in the V3-V4 regions of the 16S RNAr for Bacteria, by means of next-generation sequencing (NSG). The results showing 7 different Bacteria Phyla and, 70 Bacteria Genus identified (more than 1% significance), in total there were more than 26 phyla and 585 genera of bacteria. The genus Brucella was found during mesophilic and thermophilic phases, this genus, not yet been reported in article involving composting process. These results suggested the potential of adaptation of the bacterial community with antibiotics denoted through the antibiotics.


2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shehdeh Jodeh ◽  
Ahlam Jaber ◽  
Ghadir Hanbali ◽  
Younes Massad ◽  
Zaki S. Safi ◽  
...  

Abstract BackgroundHuman and veterinary antibiotics are typically discharged as parent chemicals in urine or feces and are known to be released into the environment via wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs). Several research investigations have recently been conducted on the removal and bioremediation of pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) disposed in wastewater. ResultsSiNP-Cu, a chelating matrix, was produced by delaying and slowing 1.5-dimethyl-1H-pyrazole-3-carbaldehyde on silica gel from functionalized with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane. The prepared sorbent material was characterized using several techniques including BET surface area, FT-IR spectroscopy, Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and nitrogen adsorption-desorption isotherm. The pseudo-second-order model provided the best correlation due to the big match between the experimental and theoretical of different adsorption coefficients. The Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption models were used and the study showed better match with Fruendlich model. The removal capacity was depending on pH and increased by increasing pH The adsorbent demonstrated a high percentage removal of TMP, reaching more than 94 %. The sample was simply regenerated by soaking it for a few minutes in 1N HCl and drying it. The sorbent was repeated five times with no discernible decrease in removal capacity. Thermodynamic study also showed endothermic, increasing randomness and not spontaneous in nature. The findings of the DFT B3LYP/6-31+g (d,p) local reactivity descriptors revealed that nitrogen atoms and p-electrons of the benzene and pyrimidine rings in the TMP are responsible for the adsorption process with the SiNP surface. The negative values of the adsorption energies obtained by molecular dynamic simulation indicated the spontaneity of the adsorption process. ConclusionThe global reactivity indics prove that TMP is stable and it can be removed from wastewater using SiNP surface. The results of the local reactivity indices concluded that the active centers for the adsorption process are the nitrogen atoms and the p-electrons of the pyrimidine and benzene rings. Furthermore, the positive value of the maximum charge transfer number (DN) proves that TMP has a great tendency to donate electrons to SiNP surface during the process of adsorption.


2021 ◽  
pp. 2941-2946
Author(s):  
Nubwa Daniel ◽  
Kefas David Malgwi ◽  
Bukar Umaru ◽  
Isaac John Omeh ◽  
Ladi Sanya

Background and Aim: Veterinary antibiotics are widely used to treat bacterial diseases in various species of animals. However, despite the importance of these chemotherapeutic agents, their indiscriminate or extensive use can pose dangers to the animals or humans that consume edible tissues from animals contaminated with antibiotic residues. Therefore, concerns regarding their appropriate and judicious use in animals are of public health significance. This is because of the tendencies of developing resistance to targeted microbes and the ability of the parent compound or its metabolites to persist as residues in the animal tissues. This study aimed to determine the frequency and pattern of antibiotic usage and ascertain the level of awareness of clinicians on the judicious use of antibiotics at the University of Maiduguri Veterinary Teaching Hospital, Maiduguri, Borno State, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: Data related to the administration of antibiotics in all species of animals presented for treatment from January 2009 to December 2018 were obtained from the hospital archives, with permission from the office of the hospital directorate. The diseases, hospital units, antibiotics used, and years were parameters that were recorded for each case. Furthermore, 47 questionnaires were administered to clinicians who render services to the hospital. Results: A total of 63.9% of all cases brought to the hospital within the 10 years under study were infectious, and as such, were treated with antibiotics. The highest recorded use of antibiotics was observed in the poultry unit (38.4%), followed by the large animal unit (24.1%), with the lowest used recorded in the ambulatory unit (9.3%). Furthermore, regarding the antibiotics used, oxytetracycline had the highest occurrence (55%), followed by penicillin-streptomycin combination (12.2%), with the lowest being metronidazole (0.30%). The highest number of cases treated with antibiotics was recorded in 2018 (22.5%), and the lowest was recorded in 2014 (1.3%). Regarding the questionnaire administered to the clinicians, 78.7% of the respondents preferred oxytetracycline as their drug of choice, whereas only 2.1%, 4.3%, 2.1%, and 4.3% preferred amoxicillin, penicillin, streptomycin, and penicillin-streptomycin, respectively. Moreover, 65.9% of the respondents used a particular antibiotic because of its availability at the hospital, 8.5% because of cost, and 27.7% because of clinician preference. Furthermore, 74.5% of the clinicians offered palliative intervention while awaiting laboratory reports, whereas 8.5% treated the animals without requesting laboratory analyses. Conclusion: In this study, oxytetracycline was found to be the most used antibiotic for treating infectious diseases at the hospital because of its availability. The observed pattern appeared in the following order of frequency: Oxytetracycline, penicillin-streptomycin combination, neomycin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, tylosin, streptomycin, and gentamicin with metronidazole being the least frequent. There might also be antibiotic resistance, which requires a change to another antibiotic because of the lack of response to the initial antibiotic. Non-judicious antibiotic use can also have a negative impact on public health because of the development of multidrug-resistant "superbugs" and the problem of drug residue.


Antibiotics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1433
Author(s):  
Jean-Christophe Arnold ◽  
Dominic Day ◽  
Mathew Hennessey ◽  
Pablo Alarcon ◽  
Meenakshi Gautham ◽  
...  

Smallholder farms are the predominant livestock system in India. Animals are often kept in close contact with household members, and access to veterinary services is limited. However, limited research exists on how antibiotics are used in smallholder livestock in India. We investigated antibiotic supply, usage, and their drivers in smallholder livestock production systems, including crossover-use of human and veterinary antibiotics in two rural sites in West Bengal. Qualitative interviews were conducted with key informants (n = 9), livestock keepers (n = 37), and formal and informal antibiotic providers from veterinary and human health sectors (n = 26). Data were analysed thematically and interpreted following a One Health approach. Livestock keepers and providers used antibiotics predominantly for treating individual animals, and for disease prevention in poultry but not for growth promotion. All providers used (highest priority) critically important antimicrobials for human health and engaged in crossover-use of human antibiotic formulations in livestock. Inadequate access to veterinary drugs and services, and a perceived efficacy and ease of dosing of human antibiotics in animals drove crossover-use. Veterinary antibiotics were not used for human health due to their perceived adverse effects. Given the extent of usage of protected antibiotics and crossover-use, interventions at the community level should adopt a One Health approach that considers all antibiotic providers and livestock keepers and prioritizes the development of evidence-based guidelines to promote responsible use of antibiotics in animals.


2021 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 112699
Author(s):  
Rongcai Huang ◽  
Zitai Guo ◽  
Shengtao Gao ◽  
Lu Ma ◽  
Jianchu Xu ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anna-Rita Attili ◽  
Cristina Iacoucci ◽  
Evelina Serri ◽  
Vincenzo Cuteri ◽  
Andrea Cantalamessa ◽  
...  

This in vitro study was carried out to evaluate the potential antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. Therapeutic formulations commonly used for regenerative medicine purposes (platelet-rich plasma, platelet gel, platelet lysate, fibrin glue), considering both leukocyte-rich and leukocyte-poor formulations, but also platelet-poor plasma and activating substances (thrombin, calcium gluconate), were tested to detect elements with potential antimicrobial properties. The antibacterial effect was tested on different bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus subspecies aureus, Staphylococcus cohnii subspecies cohnii, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Klebsiella pneumoniae subspecies pneumoniae) isolated from canine wounds and classified as susceptible, multidrug-, extensively, and pandrug-resistant bacteria toward a known panel of human and veterinary antibiotics. The evaluation was carried out by agar gel diffusion method (Kirby–Bauer) and micro-inhibition in broth using microplates and spectrophotometer reading. The study findings confirmed the hypothesized antibacterial properties of canine non-transfusional hemo-components. A more effective bacteriostatic effect was found against Gram-negative bacteria, drug-resistant too. The presence of leukocytes or platelets does not appear to be essential for the antibacterial effect. Further studies should be conducted to evaluate the exact mechanism of action of the antimicrobial activity. However, non-transfusional hemo-components could be a useful natural aid in controlling bacterial infections in dogs.


2021 ◽  
pp. 112192
Author(s):  
William Michelon ◽  
Alexandre Matthiensen ◽  
Aline Viancelli ◽  
Gislaine Fongaro ◽  
Vanessa Gressler ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lingzhi Li ◽  
Li Zhou

Abstract Excessive or unreasonable use of agricultural chemicals has caused a wide range of negative effects on the environment and residents' health. It is urgent to promote the reduction of the use of agricultural chemicals. Taking the use of veterinary antibiotics (hereafter antibiotics) in broiler breeding as an example, based on the data of 380 contract farmers, this paper first investigated the effects of production risk on farmers' decision-making on the use of alternatives to antibiotics and the amount of antibiotics in the initial stage of alternatives entering into the market. The results show that: (1) the fluctuation of mortality in the lag period has no significant influence on the adoption of alternatives, and farmers are concerned about the absolute or average level of mortality in the lag period. (2) The mortality rate lagged three phases had a significant positive impact on the adoption of alternatives. On average, the mortality rate lagged three phases increased by 0.01, and the likelihood of farmers adopting substitutes in the early stage increased by 0.670%. (3) The production risk plays an important role in regulating the effects of alternatives. When using alternatives, the mortality rate of lagging three phases is higher, the higher the dosage of antibiotics and the lower the mortality rate in the early stage, suggesting that higher production risk would result in using alternatives for the purpose of reducing the production risk rather than reducing the use of antibiotics. Thus, to realize the effect of alternatives in reducing agricultural chemicals, the prerequisite is to improve the production risk management ability of farmers.


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