scholarly journals Assessment of the Functional Status of the Small Intestine in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 468-474
Author(s):  
Ya. M. Vakhrushev ◽  
A. P. Lukashevich
Keyword(s):  
Small Intestine ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Bacterial Growth ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The aim. A comprehensive study of the functional state of the small intestine and the study of the relationship of its disorders with the development of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.Materials and methods. 86 patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease at the stage of steatosis and steatohepatitis were examined according to the results of ultrasound examination of the liver using the SONIX OP apparatus (Canada) and the FibroMax test of BioPredictiv company (Paris, France). Patients underwent a blood glucose test using an Huma Star 600 analyzer (Germany) and insulin using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The HOMA-IR insulin resistance index was calculated. In order to determine abnormal digestive disorders in the small intestine, a stress test was performed with soluble starch, membrane digestion with sucrose, absorption with glucose. IDBs were evaluated using a hydrogen breath test on a LactofN2 apparatus from the AMA firm (St. Petersburg). To assess colonic microflora, stool was sown for dysbiosis.Results. According to clinical data, in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, damage to the small intestine occurs in a non-manifest form. However, in the study of the functional state of the small intestine in patients, a significant decrease in cavity and membrane digestion, increased absorption are detected. In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, an increase in blood insulin was observed compared with the control group (16,64±0,78 μIU/ml versus 10,46±0,56 μI/ml, p=0,000002). The HOMA-IR insulin resistance index was also increased in patients compared with the control group (2,84±0,11 versus 2,05±0,07, p=0,00003). Excessive bacterial growth was diagnosed in 62 (72%) of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, while with liver steatosis — in 33 (55%), with steatohepatitis 1 degree of activity — in 11 (61,1%), with steatohepatitis 2 degrees — in 6 (66,7%), with steatohepatitis 3 degrees — in 2 (100%) of patients. According to the results of stool stool, dysbiosis was detected in 56 (65,1%) of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. A correlation analysis revealed negative relationships between the severity of excessive bacterial growth and digestive digestion, between the severity of excessive bacterial growth and membrane digestion, and a positive relationship between the severity of excessive bacterial growth and absorption.Conclusion. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is accompanied by disorders of the digestive and resorptive functions of the small intestine, and the development of dysbiosis. These disorders are often subclinical in nature and can be identified and evaluated after special studies.

scholarly journals Insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) in the differentiation of patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and healthy individuals

2010 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Lúcia Farias de Azevedo Salgado ◽  
Luciana de Carvalho ◽  
Ana Claudia Oliveira ◽  
Virgínia Nascimento dos Santos ◽  
Jose Gilberto Vieira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Healthy Individuals ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Insulin Resistance Index ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

CONTEXT: Due to its good correlation to glycemic clamp, HOMA-IR has been widely utilized as insulin resistance index in clinical and epidemiological studies involving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease carriers. However, values used for this parameter have shown large variability. OBJECTIVE: To identify the HOMA-IR cut value that best distinguishes non-diabetic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients from a control group. METHODS: One hundred sixteen non-alcoholic fatty liver disease patients were studied, diagnosed by clinical, biochemical, and liver image or biopsy criteria, and 88 healthy individuals, without any liver disease and testing for oral glucose tolerance within normality. These groups did not differ in age and gender. All were submitted to oral glucose tolerance test and blood samples were collected for glucose and insulin measurements by immunofluorometric method. HOMA-IR was calculated according to the formula: fasting insulin (µU/L) x fasting glucose (nmol/L)/22.5. RESULTS: NAFLD patients showed higher insulin, glycemia, and HOMA-IR values than control group, even when excluding glucose intolerant and diabetes mellitus patients by their glycemic curves. HOMA-IR 75th percentile for control group was 1.78 and the best area under the curve index was obtained for HOMA-IR values of 2.0 [AUC= 0.840 (0.781-0.899 CI 95%), sensitivity (Se): 85%, specificity (Sp): 83%] while value 2.5 showed best specificity without important loss in sensitivity [AUC=0,831 (0.773-0.888) Se = 72%, Sp = 94%]. CONCLUSION: HOMA-IR values above or equal to 2.0 or 2.5 show enhanced diagnostic value in distinguishing non-alcoholic fatty liver disease carriers from control group individuals.

Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Overweight Children and its Relationship with Retinol Serum Levels

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suano de Souza ◽  
Silverio Amancio ◽  
Saccardo Sarni ◽  
Sacchi Pitta ◽  
Fernandes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, the retinol serum levels, lipid profile, and insulin resistance in overweight/obese children. To relate these biochemical variables with the risk of this disease in the population studied. Methods: The study was cross-sectional and prospective, with 46 overweight/obese school children (28 female, 18 male; mean age 8.6 years). The control group consisted of 45 children, paired by age and gender. Hepatic steatosis, evaluated by ultrasound, was classified as normal, mild, moderate, or severe. Also evaluated were serum retinol levels; thiobarbituric acid reactive substances; lipid profile; and fasting glucose and serum insulin levels, used for the calculation of the Homeostasis Model Assessment. Results: Hepatic ultrasound alterations were found in 56.5% and 48,9% of the overweight/obese and control group children, respectively. Presence of obesity was associated with high levels of triglycerides (OR = 4.6; P = 0.002). In the studied children, the risk of steatosis was related to a trend to a higher percentage of retinol inadequacy (OR = 2.8; p = 0.051); there was no association with thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, lipid profile, or insulin resistance. Conclusions: The high frequency of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in both groups, evaluated by hepatic ultrasound, in low-socioeconomic level children, independent of nutritional condition and without significant association with insulin resistance, emphasizes that especially in developing countries, other risk factors such as micronutrient deficiencies (e.g. vitamin A) are involved.

scholarly journals Maternal tadalafil therapy for fetal growth restriction prevents non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and adipocyte hypertrophy in the offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Takuya Kawamura ◽  
Hiroaki Tanaka ◽  
Ryota Tachibana ◽  
Kento Yoshikawa ◽  
Shintaro Maki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fetal Growth ◽  
Fetal Programming ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Control Group ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

AbstractWe aimed to investigate the effects of maternal tadalafil therapy on fetal programming of metabolic function in a mouse model of fetal growth restriction (FGR). Pregnant C57BL6 mice were divided into the control, L-NG-nitroarginine methyl ester (L-NAME), and tadalafil + L-NAME groups. Six weeks after birth, the male pups in each group were given a high-fat diet. A glucose tolerance test (GTT) was performed at 15 weeks and the pups were euthanized at 20 weeks. We then assessed the histological changes in the liver and adipose tissue, and the adipocytokine production. We found that the non-alcoholic fatty liver disease activity score was higher in the L-NAME group than in the control group (p < 0.05). Although the M1 macrophage numbers were significantly higher in the L-NAME/high-fat diet group (p < 0.001), maternal tadalafil administration prevented this change. Moreover, the epididymal adipocyte size was significantly larger in the L-NAME group than in the control group. This was also improved by maternal tadalafil administration (p < 0.05). Further, we found that resistin levels were significantly lower in the L-NAME group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). The combination of exposure to maternal L-NAME and a high-fat diet induced glucose impairment and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. However, maternal tadalafil administration prevented these complications. Thus, deleterious fetal programming caused by FGR might be modified by in utero intervention with tadalafil.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Predictor of Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis (NASH) in Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)

2015 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 71-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahinul Alam ◽  
Mahabubul Alam ◽  
Sheikh Mohammad Noor E Alam ◽  
Ziaur Rahman Chowdhury ◽  
Jahangir Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Biopsy ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Resistance Index ◽  
Histopathological Study ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Fatty liver is a common cause of chronic liver disease in developed as well as developing countries.We have designed this study to estimate the prevalence and predictors for non alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) in non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). We have included 493 patients with sonographic evidence of fatty change in liver and 177 of them had done liver biopsy for histopathological study. Other causes of liver disease and alcohol consumption were excluded. Metabolic syndrome and biochemical and anthropometric evaluation was done. Females were predominating 250 (57.0 %). Centrally obese 422 (96.2 %) was more than over all obesity330 (75.1%). NASH was absent in 10 (5.6%) cases and diagnostic of NASH was 75 Journal of Bangladesh College of Physicians and Surgeons Vol. 32, No. 2, April 2014 (42.4 %).Presence of diabetes could significantly (p = 0.001) predicted NASH. Age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, Serum HDL,triglyceride, insulin resistance index, hypertension, metabolic syndrome could not predict NASH. Serum GGT level was significantly (p = 0.05) higher in NASHwith a sensitivity of 45 % and specificity of 68 % only. Serum ALT and AST level could not detect NASH. Females were predominant sufferer of NAFLD in Bangladesh. Prevalence of NASH was much higher42.4%. Diabetes was the main predictor of NASH. GGT was the only biochemical indicator of NASH. We recommend liver biopsy in NAFLD with diabetes and raised GGT.J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2014; 32: 71-77

scholarly journals Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is a predictor of subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in the presence of Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Cemal Kemaloglu ◽  
Melek Didem Kemaloglu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (c-imt) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to determine whether NAFLD is an independent predictor for the progression of atherosclerosis.  Method: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. 103 NAFLD patients who have hepatosteatosis with grade II and above were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into NAFLD with metabolic syndrome (MS) and NAFLD without MS groups and compared with 50 healthy people. Basal demographic characteristics and C-imt of all patients and control group were measured.  Results: C-imt and carotid cross sectional area rates in the NAFLD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The mean and max. c-imt levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group with metabolic syndrome (p<0,001). Homeostatic Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were increased in the group with metabolic syndrome than those in the group without metabolic syndrome, with statistical significance (p<0.001). There was no difference in c-imt levels between HOMA-IR positive and negative groups (p=0.254) in patients with NAFLD and without metabolic syndrome. There was only a mild positive corelation between c-imt levels and high sensitive C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in metabolic syndrome positive group (p=0.026 r=0.30).  Conclusion: NAFLD was a significant predictor to determine the increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. 

scholarly journals Biochemical changes in Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): A study in Nepalese Population

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 15-20
Author(s):  
Pooja Maharjan ◽  
Puspa Raj Khanal ◽  
Narayan Prasad Parajuli ◽  
Govardhan Joshi ◽  
Hridaya Parajuli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Western World ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has emerged as the most common liver problem in the western world and is a clinicopathologic entity increasingly recognized as a major health burden in developed countries. Different laboratory tests are extremely useful in achieving a better understanding of diseases, and thereby, allow making decision for better management. The examination of different biochemical parameters usually provides excellent clues to the cause of the disease. The present study was conducted with the aim to assess the biochemical markers in Non alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients in Nepalese population.Methods: The biochemical parameters were investigated in 75 NAFLD patients, and 70 normal participants. The diagnosis of hepatic steatosis was established by abdominal ultrasound examination. All patients diagnosed as NAFLD were investigated for biochemical parameters and see the relationship between NAFLD and control was studied.Results: The findings of all biochemical parameters were raised in NAFLD patients in comparison with non-fatty liver control group and the differences were found to be statistically (P value less than 0.005) significant.Conclusions: NAFLD is associated with changes in biochemical parameters in cases of NAFLD. Its early detection will help in modifying the disease course, delaying complications and will also play a major role in preventive cardiology.Ann. Clin. Chem. Lab. Med. 2016:2(2);15-20

scholarly journals Simple Resistance Exercise for 24 Weeks Decreases Alanine Aminotransferase Levels in Patients with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 01 (01) ◽  
pp. E2-E7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atsushi Takahashi ◽  
Hiromichi Imaizumi ◽  
Manabu Hayashi ◽  
Ken Okai ◽  
Kazumichi Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Resistance Exercise ◽  
Exercise Therapy ◽  
Alanine Aminotransferase ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Abstract Exercise therapy is effective and recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) based on the efficacy of hepatic fat reduction. However, the efficacies of exercise therapy are based on short-term intervention. Moreover, no reports have examined whether significant reductions in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) are achieved with exercise therapy in patients with NAFLD. The aim of this study is to assess the effects of simple resistance exercise for 24 weeks in NAFLD. 59 patients with NAFLD were assigned to a resistance exercise group (n=28) or a control group (n=31). The resistance exercise group performed 2 exercises (push-ups and squats) 3 times a week on nonconsecutive days for a trial periods of 24 weeks. Patients in the control group proceeded with regular physical activities under a restricted diet throughout the study. The effects of exercise were compared between groups after 24 weeks.Mean ALT level, homeostasis model assessment-estimated insulin resistance index and hepatic steatosis grade were all decreased in the resistance exercise group. Changes in ALT levels correlated negatively with changes in muscle:body weight ratio in the exercise group.These data demonstrate that 24 weeks of simple resistance exercise comprising squats and push-ups represents an effective treatment for NAFLD.

scholarly journals Early cardiac electrical and structural changes in patients with non-obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Kardiologiia ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 51-58
Author(s):  
Ekrem Aksu ◽  
Abdullah Sokmen ◽  
Murat Ispiroglu ◽  
Kadir Gisi ◽  
Enes Celik ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Patient Group ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Background    Obese non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) was found to increase the risk of developing atrial fibrillation (AF) regardless of the metabolic syndrome subgroups that may accompany it. In this study, the effect of NAFLD on the structural and electrical functions of the heart was investigated using tissue Doppler echocardiography (TDE) in non-obese NAFLD patients without any known risk factors for AF.Material and methods    The study included 43 female patients (31.3±3.8 years), who had stage 2–3 hepatosteatosis detected by liver ultrasonography and diagnosed as non-obese NAFLD (patient group), and 31 healthy women (control group, 32.5±3.6 years). In addition to standard echocardiographic parameters, inter- and intra-atrial electromechanical delay (EMD) were evaluated by TDE.Results    Interatrial EMD (PA lateral – PA tricuspid) and intraatrial EMD (PA septum – PA tricuspid) were significantly longer in patient group (16.1±3.4 vs. 12.5±2.3 ms, p<0.001, and 8.4±1.6 vs. 6.6±1.6 ms, p<0.001, respectively). At the subclinical level. atrial size, left ventricular diastolic function, and left ventricular wall thickness measurements were greater in the patient group.Conclusion    Inter-atrial and intra-atrial EMD were detected in young women with non-obese NAFLD. In addition, at the subclinical level, structural and functional impairment was detected However, large-volume prospective studies are required to cobfirm these findings regarding the development of AF in non-obese NAFLD patients. 

scholarly journals Comparison of the Nutrition of Patients with and without Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver in Tehran

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mahshid Akbari ◽  
Sima Zohari-Anboohi
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Statistical Power ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Introduction: A high prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is associated with obesity and lifestyle disorders. The present study was conducted to compare the nutritional pattern of patients with and without non-alcoholic fatty liver disease referred to the hospitals affiliated to Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2017.Materials and Methods: The present case-control study was performed on a total of 300 outpatients and inpatients, aged 18–65 years. These patients were referred to the ultrasonography section of the hospitals, and those recruited in the study were selected by the convenience method of sampling. According to the results of ultrasonography, these subjects were divided into two groups: case (100 patients) and control (200 subjects for increasing the statistical power of study). The data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (version 19), descriptive statistics, and the Mann–Whitney test. P<0.05 was considered significant.Results: A significant difference was detected between the mean consumption of unhealthy foods in the case group as compared to the control group (P=0.001), while those with fatty liver reported a low average intake of fruits and vegetables with a significant difference (P=0.001).Conclusion: The results showed that patients with fatty liver complied with poor dietary habits as compared to individuals without the disease. 

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