Graft Transmission and Study the Symptom Pattern of  Citrus Greening Pathogen on Indicator Plant

The heavy metal (cadmium, Cd; chromium, Cr; copper, Cu; nickel, Ni; lead, Pb and zinc, Zn), sodium (Na) and sulphur (S) contamination of roadside topsoils and the accumulation of these elements in chicory (Cichorium intybus L.) as indicator plant was studied at different sites in Nyíregyháza (Hungary) between 1994 and 1996. In roadside urban topsoils (collected from a depth of 0–10 cm at a distance of 0.1 or 0.2–4.0 m from..

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Insecticide sprays, natural enemy assemblages and predation on Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485314000315 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 104 (5) ◽

pp. 576-585 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

C. Monzo ◽

J.A. Qureshi ◽

P.A. Stansly

Keyword(s):

Natural Enemy ◽

Early Spring ◽

Citrus Greening ◽

Asian Citrus Psyllid ◽

Late Winter ◽

Diaphorina Citri ◽

Citrus Groves ◽

Arthropod Fauna ◽

Predator Exclusion ◽

Insecticide Sprays

AbstractThe Asian citrus psyllid (ACP), Diaphorina citri Kuwayama is considered a key citrus pest due to its role as vector of ‘huanglongbing’ (HLB) or citrus greening, probably the most economically damaging disease of citrus. Insecticidal control of the vector is still considered a cornerstone of HLB management to prevent infection and to reduce reinoculation of infected trees. The severity of HLB has driven implementation of intensive insecticide programs against ACP with unknown side effects on beneficial arthropod fauna in citrus agroecosystems. We evaluated effects of calendar sprays directed against this pest on natural enemy assemblages and used exclusion to estimate mortality they imposed on ACP populations in citrus groves. Predator exclusion techniques were used on nascent colonies of D. citri in replicated large untreated and sprayed plots of citrus during the four major flushing periods over 2 years. Population of spiders, arboreal ants and ladybeetles were independently assessed. Monthly sprays of recommended insecticides for control of ACP, adversely affected natural enemy populations resulting in reduced predation on ACP immature stages, especially during the critical late winter/early spring flush. Consequently, projected growth rates of the ACP population were greatest where natural enemies had been adversely affected by insecticides. Whereas, this result does not obviate the need for insecticidal control of ACP, it does indicate that even a selective regimen of sprays can impose as yet undetermined costs in terms of reduced biological control of this and probably other citrus pests.

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Burnout: modeling, measuring, and managing

Australasian Psychiatry ◽

10.1177/10398562211037332 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 103985622110373

Author(s):

Gordon Parker ◽

Gabriela Tavella

Keyword(s):

Management Model ◽

Psychiatric Education ◽

Stress Model ◽

Personality Style ◽

Predisposing Factor ◽

Symptom Pattern ◽

Diathesis Stress Model

Objective: As burnout has been neglected in medical and psychiatric education, we seek to provide a summary overview. Methods: We extract salient findings from the published literature and offer some challenges. Results: We critique the current principal model of burnout, argue for broadening the symptom constructs and for a diathesis-stress model where a perfectionistic personality style is a key predisposing factor, and observe that burnout is not limited by those in formal work. We argue that burnout is not synonymous with depression, overview biological underpinnings, and summarise a three-fold management model. Conclusion: As many burnout patients are referred to psychiatrists, awareness of its symptom pattern and management nuances is of key importance.

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2021–2022 Florida Citrus Production Guide: Planting New Citrus Groves in Florida in the Era of Citrus Greening

EDIS ◽

10.32473/edis-cg099-2021 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ariel Singerman ◽

Marina Burani-Arouca ◽

Stephen H. Futch

Keyword(s):

Citrus Greening ◽

Citrus Groves ◽

Citrus Production ◽

Florida Citrus

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Phantom Brake Phenomenon in Survivors of Car Accidents

European Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.24018/clinicmed.2021.2.3.68 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 9-13

Author(s):

Zack Z. Cernovsky ◽

Milad Fattahi

Keyword(s):

Motor Vehicle ◽

Brief Pain Inventory ◽

Severity Index ◽

High Impact ◽

Generalized Anxiety ◽

Vehicle Accidents ◽

Symptom Pattern ◽

Car Accidents ◽

And Gender ◽

Almost All

Background: Survivors of high impact car accidents, when traveling in cars as passengers, may exhibit the phantom brake reaction. The reaction consists of involuntarily pressing the foot on the floor of the car in a reflexive attempt "to brake", even though there is no brake pedal in front of the passenger seat. This study examines the incidence and correlates of this special phenomenon. Method: De-identified data of 114 survivors (37 men, 77 women; mean age 38.6, SD=12.4) of high impact motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were available, with their responses to the Brief Pain Inventory, Insomnia Severity Index, Rivermead Post-Concussion Symptoms Questionnaire, Subjective Neuropsychological Symptoms Scale (SNPSS), PTSD Checklist for DSM-5 (PCL-5), ratings of depression and of generalized anxiety, and 3 questionnaire measures of driving anxiety, i.e., Whetstone’s, Steiner’s, and the Driving Anxiety Questionnaire (DAQ). One item of the DAQ assesses the phantom brake phenomenon on a 4-point scale (0=No, 1=Mild, 2=Moderate, 3=Severe): this is the key variable in the present study. Results: Mild to severe forms of the phantom brake reaction were reported by 92.1% of the post-MVA patients. Significant correlations (p<0.05, 2-tailed) were found of the intensity of phantom brake reaction to the intensity of post-MVA pain (rs from 0.20 to 0.33), insomnia (r=0.40), the Rivermead post-concussion scale (r=.29), other post-concussive and whiplash symptoms as measured by the SNPSS (r=0.19), depression (r=0.30), generalized anxiety (r=0.32), and to DAQ (r=0.47) and Whetstone’s (r=0.50) measures of driving anxiety. No significant relationships were found of the phantom brake reaction to age and gender. Discussion and Conclusion: The phantom brake reaction was reported by almost all post-MVA patients and can be considered as a part of their post-MVA polytraumatic symptom pattern.

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Trioza erytreae (African citrus psyllid).

10.1079/cpc.54914.20210104903 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Esther Arengo

Keyword(s):

Middle East ◽

Citrus Greening ◽

Damage Potential ◽

Quarantine Pest ◽

Mediterranean Countries ◽

Significant Damage ◽

The Family ◽

Citrus Huanglongbing ◽

African Form ◽

Wild Hosts

Abstract The invasive African psyllid, Trioza erytrea, transmits the causal agent of the African form of citrus huanglongbing (greening) disease, Liberibacter africanum, a very destructive disease of citrus plants. It does this under natural conditions in Africa and the Middle East, and has been shown experimentally to transmit the Asian form, Liberibacter asiaticum. The psyllid itself severely distorts leaves, which become stunted and galled. T. erytreae affects species in the family Rutaceae, occurring on wild hosts as well as on Citrus species. T. erytreae is listed as an A1 quarantine pest by EPPO (OEPP/EPPO, 1988) and is also a quarantine pest for CPPC and OIRSA. The importation of plants for planting and cut branches of citrus from countries where either citrus greening bacterium or either of its vectors occur has been prohibited (OEPP/EPPO, 1990). T. erytreae occurs in Africa and parts of the Middle East but could probably establish and spread in Mediterranean countries without difficulty. Besides its role in citrus greening, the psyllid has itself significant damage potential.

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