Effectivenes of NPK compound (10-30-20) to improve growth and yield of hybrid maize on vertisol soil

To determine the effectiveness of NPK compound (10-30-20) fertilizer to maize growth and yield, a study was conducted on vertisol soil of the rainfed rice field in Gambir Kuning village, Kraton District Pasuruan Regency, from September 2020 until February 2021. The study was arranged in randomized block design with four replications. As the treatment i.e., A. control (without inorganic fertilizer), B. standard/local recommendation (NPK 15-15-15) 300 kg, C. NPK (10-30-20) 100 kg, D. NPK (10-30-20) 200 kg, E. NPK (10-30-20) 300 kg, F. NPK (10-30-20) 400 kg, G. NPK (10-30-20) 500 kg ha-1. Except for control, all treatments were fertilized with 200 kg Urea and 100 kg ZA. P27 hybrid maize variety was used as an indicator plant. The results showed that the applications of NPK compound ((10-30-20) were increasing plant growth and yield effectively. The optimum dosage of NPK (10-30-20) was 499.55 kg ha-1. Treatment F produced the highest yield (6.83 tons ha-1) and was significantly different from the control (4.13 tons ha-1) and higher than the standard (6.24 tons ha-1). This treatment also gave the highest RAE value (127,55).

Leaching of 2,4-d and atrazine herbicides in red-yellow latosol

The intensive use of herbicides has increased the possibility of environmental contamination and the accumulation of pesticide residues in soil and water. This work aimed to evaluate the leaching potential of 2,4-D and atrazine herbicides in red yellow Latosol with a clayey texture. The experimental design was entirely randomized, in factorial 5x3 (five doses of each herbicide for three soil depths). The doses used were 1.25, 2.50, 6.25 and 12.50 L ha-1 for the 2.4-D herbicide and 2.25, 4.50, 11.25 and 22.50 L ha-1 for the atrazine herbicide (plus absolute witnesses). The herbicides were applied in buried pvc tubes to the soil and after accumulated rainfall of 87 mm, cucumber was grown as a bio indicator plant. The plant phytotoxicity, plant height, dry mass accumulation and leaf area where the evaluations were performed at 21 days after the sowing of the cucumber were analyzed. The 2.4-D herbicide didn`t present significant difference between treatments for the plant phytotoxicity variable, however, there was difference between treatments for plant height and dry mass. For leaf area, the difference was observed only for soil depths. Atrazine herbicide also showed no difference between treatments for plant phytotoxicity, but there was a difference between treatments and soil depths for the other variables. Under the conditions evaluated, 2,4-D and atrazine herbicides can leach into clayey soil regardless of the dose used and can reach up to 30 cm depth.

POLA ORDINANSI KOMUNITAS POHON DI HUTAN SEKUNDER DISTRIK MANOKWARI UTARA KABUPATEN MANOKWARI

This study aimed to reveal indicator plant species in the secondary forest by applying a descriptive approach and field observation as well as refer to releve method. Tral vegetation data of vascular plant at seedlings, saplings, poles, and tree stages that analyzed using MVA.4 (TWINSPAN) software. The analyzed result indicated 12 groups of associations and 1 group of solitary association in which the species were categorized as dominant. The most often appear species in 12 association group based on their growing shapes were Actinodaphne nitida, Celtis latifolia, Hemappasandra sp., Teijmaniodendron sp., Lea acuelata, Spatiostemon jevensis, Koordersiodendron pinnatum, Sisipus sp., Sterculia macrophylla, Litsea timoriana, Macaranga sp., Aglaia sp., Rhus taitensis, Alstonia scholaris, Archidendron parviflorum, Callophylum inophylum and Ficus sp. While the most dominant species in the solitary association were Chisocheton ceremicus, Cryptocarya sp., Canarium hirsutum, Euodia elleryana, Litsea ladermani, and Litsea timoriana. These species arranged and functioned as the dominant tree structure in the secondary forest along the north Manokwari area of Manokwari.

Interaction between potyvirus and crinivirus in sweet potato

ABSTRACT Sweet potato, in Argentina, is affected by the “encrespamiento amarillo”, a viral disease in which seven viruses are involved, among them two potyvirus (sweet potato feathery mottle virus - SPFMV and sweet potato virus G - SPVG) and a crinivirus (sweet potato chlorotic stunt virus - SPCSV). This research aimed to study the interaction between SPFMV and SPVG with SPCSV in sweet potato. Two sweet potato cultivars (Gem and Arapey INIA) and Ipomoea setosa as an indicator susceptible plant were tested as single (SPFMV or SPVG), double (SPFMV + SPVG, SPFMV + SPCSV or SPVG + SPCSV) or triple (SPFMV + SPVG + SPCSV) grafts. Both potyviruses were purified and the viral concentrations in the plant tissues were quantified by the DAS-Elisa method. The viruses and their severities were evaluated at 7, 15, 21, 30 and 35 days post-inoculation. A synergistic effect was observed with the three viruses in the indicator plant. The viral concentration increase was 50 times for SPFMV (day 35) and two times for SPVG (day 21) in the Gem cultivar, and 1.89 times for SPFMV (day 35) and three times for SPVG (day 7) in the Arapey INIA. For multiple infections, the indicator plant and the Gem cultivar exhibited synergistic symptoms and increase in the viral titers, with a higher severity and variability of the symptoms. Co-infections such as SPFMV + SPVG showed characteristic potyvirus symptoms, without increasing the viral concentrations; triple co-infections exhibited viral complex symptoms, with increase in the potyvirus titers; and the symptoms were mild or imperceptible in the simple infections.

Transmission Characteristics of Wheat Yellow Striate Virus by its Leafhopper Vector Psammotettix alienus

Wheat yellow striate virus (WYSV), which is found in wheat fields of Northwest China and transmitted by leafhopper vector Psammotettix alienus, is a tentative new species in the genus Nucleorhabdovirus. Although the insect vector and host range of WYSV have been characterized, many aspects of the acquisition and transmission processes by its insect vector have not been elucidated. Here, the transmission parameters of WYSV by P. alienus were determined using wheat cv. Yangmai 12 as the indicator plant under a controlled temperature (23 ± 1°C) and photoperiod (16 h of light). The results showed that the minimum periods for acquisition were 5 min and 10 min for inoculation access. The latent period for successful transmission was most commonly 16 to 20 days (minimum, 10 days; maximum, 22 days). The quantitative reverse-transcriptase PCR results indicated that the WYSV titer increased with time after acquisition, suggesting that WYSV can replicate in P. alienus. Notably, female P. alienus transovarially transmitted the virus to next generations at relatively high efficiency. Electron microscopy of the WYSV-infected leafhopper revealed bacilliform particles aggregated in the cytoplasm of the salivary gland and midgut tissues. Our present studies suggested that acquisition and transmission of WYSV by P. alienus is consistent with a propagative, circulative, and persistent mode of transmission. Details regarding transmission competencies and distribution of WYSV in P. alienus will provide a basis for designing preventive measures.

EVALUATION OF THE ECOLOGICAL CONDITION OF LAKE OF THE GALICHIAN KOSTROM REGION BY THE CONDITION OF THE COASTAL WATER VEGETATION

Data on the diversity of coastal and aquatic vegetation of Lake Galich in the Kostroma region are presented. An assessment of the ecological state of the lake is given based on indicator plant species and the state of coastal water vegetation.

Rehabilitasi Kolong Pasca Penambangan Timah dengan Teknologi Pertanian Terapung pada Budidaya Tanaman Selada Merah Keriting di Provinsi Bangka Belitung

Syafrullah et al, 2018. Rehabilitation of Pit After Tin Mining by Floating Agriculture Technology at Red Curly Lettuce Cultivation in the Bangka Belitung Province. JLSO 7(1):Bangka Belitung Province is the largest tin producer in Indonesia. After tin mining was formed pit/under the surface of the earth . This pit potential was quite large, especially under the colonies near the settlement, in addition to fishery business could also be used with floating plant cultivation. The purpose of this research was to get location-specific cultivation technology of location specific plant at pit after tin mining which was floating plant cultivation technology and utilize the pit after tin mining to be productive pit for cultivation of vegetable crops and preserve the environment by utilizing the pit, plastic waste and grass became useful in the cultivation of floating vegetable crops at the pit after tin mining . This research was conducted from January to May 2016 in Batu Belubang Village, Pangkalan Baru District, Central Bangka Regency of Bangka Belitung Province. The design used was Factor Randomized Random Design (RAK) with 9 treatment combinations repeated 3 times and 5 sample plants. As the indicator plant was red curly lettuce. The treatments were 1) Type of raft (R) with 3 levels,those are R1 = raft of plastic waste size of 250 ml, R2 = raft of plastic waste size of 600 ml, R3 = raft of plastic waste size of 1500 ml and 2) compost type (X) with 3 levels ,namely K1= compost of purun grass K2 = compost of bakung grass and K3 = compost of gegas grass. From the results of the research showed that the type of plastic waste raft size of 250 ml and type of bakung grass compost gave the better growth and production response for curly red lettuce and the application of technology cultivation of curly floating red lettuce plants at the pit after tin mining lead to give the same results and tend to higher if compared with the system of cultivation coventionally on the dry land.