scholarly journals Review on Role of Biochar Amendment in Nitrate Leaching

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (12) ◽  
pp. 826-830
Author(s):  
A.K. Kanthle ◽  
K. Tedia ◽  
N.K. Lenka
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Biochar Amendment

scholarly journals Remediation of mercury-contaminated soils and sediments using biochar: a critical review

Biochar ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qian Yang ◽  
Yongjie Wang ◽  
Huan Zhong
Keyword(s):  
Health Risks ◽  
Contaminated Soils ◽  
Functional Materials ◽  
Redox Conditions ◽  
Existing Problems ◽  
Soils And Sediments ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Biochar Amendment

AbstractThe transformation of mercury (Hg) into the more toxic and bioaccumulative form methylmercury (MeHg) in soils and sediments can lead to the biomagnification of MeHg through the food chain, which poses ecological and health risks. In the last decade, biochar application, an in situ remediation technique, has been shown to be effective in mitigating the risks from Hg in soils and sediments. However, uncertainties associated with biochar use and its underlying mechanisms remain. Here, we summarize recent studies on the effects and advantages of biochar amendment related to Hg biogeochemistry and its bioavailability in soils and sediments and systematically analyze the progress made in understanding the underlying mechanisms responsible for reductions in Hg bioaccumulation. The existing literature indicates (1) that biochar application decreases the mobility of inorganic Hg in soils and sediments and (2) that biochar can reduce the bioavailability of MeHg and its accumulation in crops but has a complex effect on net MeHg production. In this review, two main mechanisms, a direct mechanism (e.g., Hg-biochar binding) and an indirect mechanism (e.g., biochar-impacted sulfur cycling and thus Hg-soil binding), that explain the reduction in Hg bioavailability by biochar amendment based on the interactions among biochar, soil and Hg under redox conditions are highlighted. Furthermore, the existing problems with the use of biochar to treat Hg-contaminated soils and sediments, such as the appropriate dose and the long-term effectiveness of biochar, are discussed. Further research involving laboratory tests and field applications is necessary to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the role of biochar in reducing Hg bioavailability in diverse soil types under varying redox conditions and to develop completely green and sustainable biochar-based functional materials for mitigating Hg-related health risks.

Effect of Biochar Amendment on Nitrate Leaching in Two Soil Types of India

2018 ◽  
pp. 229-237
Author(s):  
Anil K. Kanthle ◽  
N. K. Lenka ◽  
K. Tedia
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Biochar Amendment

The role of the unsaturated zone in determining nitrate leaching to groundwater

2012 ◽  
pp. 3-15
Author(s):  
Micòl Matrocicco ◽  
Nicolò Colombani ◽  
Enzo Salemi ◽  
Fabio Vincenzi ◽  
Giuseppe Castaldelli
Keyword(s):  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Unsaturated Zone

The role of biochar in modifying the environmental fate, bioavailability, and efficacy of pesticides in soils: a review

Soil Research ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 48 (7) ◽  
pp. 627 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rai S. Kookana
Keyword(s):  
Black Carbon ◽  
Organic Contaminants ◽  
Environmental Fate ◽  
Pyrolytic Carbon ◽  
High Specific Surface Area ◽  
Carbon Accounting ◽  
Published Research ◽  
Biochar Amendment ◽  
Emission Of Greenhouse Gases

The role of biochar in sequestration of carbon, reducing the emission of greenhouse gases, and improving the soil fertility is increasingly being recognised and is leading to the recommendations of biochar amendment of soils. However, the implications of such amendments to the environmental fate and efficacy of pesticides are not well understood. The published work on the role of black carbon (which includes charcoal, soot, and other pyrolytic carbon materials) in the environmental fate and effect of organic contaminants is reviewed here, together with the studies on bioavailability and efficacy of some herbicides in soils amended with freshly produced biochars. Biochars, due to their unique properties especially their highly carbonaceous and aromatic nature and high specific surface area, have been reported to be up to >2000 times more effective than soil in sorbing pesticides. The incorporation of relatively small amounts of fresh biochars in soil (0.05% by wt) has also been shown to inhibit the microbial degradation of organic compounds including pesticides as well as reduce their plant availability and efficacy. Based on limited published research on biochars and related research on black carbon reviewed here, biochar amendments to soils are likely to reduce the bioavailability and efficacy of pesticides. Furthermore, these amendments can influence the potential accumulation and ecotoxicological impact of pesticides and other organic contaminants in the soil environment. The implications of heterogeneity and ageing of biochars applied to soils for sorption and desorption processes and in turn for other environmental fate processes need to be understood to seek the appropriate balance between carbon sequestration and pesticide efficacy. While biochar amendment of soil holds appeal from a carbon accounting and soil conditioning perspective, further research is urgently required to determine how biochar influences the efficacy and environmental fate of agrochemicals such as pesticides.

scholarly journals Livestock Manure Composting in Cold Regions: Challenges and Solutions

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Yousif Abdelrahman Yousif Abdellah ◽  
Chunyan Li
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Inoculants ◽  
Livestock Manure ◽  
Cold Regions ◽  
Composting Process ◽  
Start Up ◽  
Environmentally Sound ◽  
Harsh Conditions ◽  
Biochar Amendment

AbstractThis review investigates the significant challenges of the process of livestock manure composting in cold regions and assesses the critical features related to the quality of the final compost product. Recently, the composting process has grasped more attention because of environmental pollution concerns and seeks for environmentally-sound approaches for managing livestock manure. Despite recent progress in crucial areas like the microbiology of compost, further improvement is needed in composting process monitoring. Therefore, specific obstacles related to livestock manure composting in cold regions, such as the generation and preservation of temperature, and the solution of obstacles such as inoculation of coldadapted microorganisms, and the role of biochar in prolonging the thermophilic stage of composting were reviewed. Also, the challenges were adequately addressed, and promising strategies to improve composting of livestock manure under harsh conditions were proposed. Still, there is a need for more investigation to get a better understanding of the role of microbial inoculants and biochar amendment regarding the start-up of the composting process in cold regions.

Feedstock Mixture Composition as Key Factor for C/P Ratio and Phosphorus Availability in Composts: Role of Biodegradation Potential, Biochar Amendment and Calcium Content

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 2553-2567 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Vandecasteele ◽  
K. Willekens ◽  
H. Steel ◽  
T. D’Hose ◽  
C. Van Waes ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Calcium Content ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Mixture Composition ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Biochar Amendment

The Role of Bacteria and Archaea in Nitrification, Nitrate Leaching and Nitrous Oxide Emissions in Nitrogen-Rich Grassland Soils

2012 ◽  
pp. 79-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong J. Di ◽  
Keith C. Cameron ◽  
Ju-Pei Shen ◽  
Chris S. Winefield ◽  
Maureen O’Callaghan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Grassland Soils

scholarly journals Bodenversauerung in den Flächen des Interkantonalen Walddauerbeobachtungsprogramms

2012 ◽  
Vol 163 (9) ◽  
pp. 374-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sabine Braun ◽  
Walter Flückiger
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Acid Deposition ◽  
Nitrate Leaching ◽  
Soil Acidification ◽  
Soil Chemistry ◽  
Nitrogen Addition ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
High Base

Soil acidification in permanent observation plots Soil acidification is followed in Swiss forest observation plots differing in soil chemistry. Soil solution samples from suction cups show clearly increasing soil acidification between 1998 and 2011, although the rate has declined in many cases during the last five years. The most rapid decline is currently observed in plots with medium to high base saturation. Nitrogen addition experiments and time series after thinning out forests confirm the important role of nitrogen input and nitrate leaching for the acidification process. It is suggested that the slowdown of acidification since 2003 has several reasons: reaching of the aluminium buffer range in the very acidic plots, decreased nitrate leaching in a series of dry years, reduction of acid deposition.

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