scholarly journals Infectious Fish Disease Occurrence in Carp Culture Ponds of West Godavari District, Andhra Pradesh, India

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 376-386
Author(s):  
T. Suguna
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Current Trend ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Disease Diagnosis ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Shrimp Culture ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
Major Carps

Aquaculture is one of the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. In India over the last three decades, aquaculture has developed significantly, earning considerable amount of foreign exchange, besides providing employment. India is basically a carp country. Where in the indigenous major carps: Catla (Catla catla), rohu (Labeo rohita), mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigal), exotic carps like common carp (Cyprinus carpio) grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix) along with air breathing fishes, Clarias batrachus, Heteropneuestes fossils, Pangasius sps. are being widely cultured accounting for bulk of freshwater aquaculture production. In the last few years, the exotic catfish Pangasianodon hypophthalmus and pacu Piaractus branchypomus culure is also increasing. Tilapia and Pangasius are also offer opportunities for cage culture. The focus on the production of genetically improved tilapia for market as cheep source of proteins is also enhancing (Jelte de Jong, 2017). As the scope for horizontal expansion is limited, the current trend in aquaculture development is focused towards intensification of the culture practices. The frequent occurrence of diseases and epizootics are considered to be major bottlenecks for increasing production. The diseases are mostly bacterial and parasitic origin. The diseases account for 10-5 % towards the production cost (Sahoo, P. K. et al., 2017). India is basically a carp Freshwater aquaculture has been the main stay of Indian aquaculture, in terms of total quantity as well as its share in the domestic fish basket. India is called as carp country as carp production contribute in bulk (over 82%). In Andhra Pradesh fish and shrimp culture is income generating profession. The district West Godavari of Andhra Pradesh, is specifically the fish bowl of India, generating an amount of Rs. 15.00 crores annually. Semi intensive culture practice is common, in an area of more than 2.0 lakh acres. In course of expansion and intensification of this semi extensive culture practice of the Indian major carps, over the last three decades, many economically important problems have been identified which are threatening the sustainability of the culture system. Occurrence of diseases is one of such factor affecting the socio-economic status of aqua farmers. To overcome this, an intensive surveillance was carried to document the prevalence of various diseases, season of occurrence, disease diagnosis, etiological agents, mortality rates and controlling measures, so that the severe risk for sustainability and huge economic loss can be arrested. The frequency in occurrence of septicaemia, bacterial gill disease (bacterial), dactylogyrosis, paradactylogyrosis (parasitic) and argulosis are recorded. The incidence of diseases and mortality rate are high in winter season.

scholarly journals Prevalence of ectoparasites of carp fingerlings at Santaher, Bogra

1970 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
pp. 17-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
MD Hossain ◽  
M Kabil Hossain ◽  
M Habibur Rahman ◽  
A Akter ◽  
DA Khanom
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Monogenean Parasite ◽  
Nursery Pond ◽  
Common Carp Cyprinus Carpio ◽  
Ectoparasite Infestation

The research work was conducted to find out the seasonal prevalence of ectoparasites of carp fingerlings. Seven species of parasites viz. Trichodina domerguei, Trichodina reticulata, Chilodonella cyprini, Myxobolus koi, Dactylogyroides tripathi, Dactylogyrus extensus and Dactylogyrus catlarius were recovered from 640 fingerlings of Silver carp (Hypophthalmicthys molitrix), Bighead carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), Common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Thai punti (Puntius gonionotus), Catla (Catla catla), Rui (Labeo rohita) and Mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala) from different nursery ponds of Bogra district during June 2005 to May 2006. The highest prevalence (95%) was in Trichodina domerguei and lowest (10%) in Dactylogyrus catlarius during winter season. Average prevalence of protozoan and monogenean parasite was 37.16 in rainy season, 40.08 in winter season and 30.25 in summer season. Winter is the most disease occurring season of the year. Key words: Ectoparasite, infestation, prevalence, fingerling, nursery pond   doi:10.3329/ujzru.v27i0.1947Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 27, 2008 pp. 17-19

scholarly journals Seasonal Prevalence and Intensity of Infestation by the Ectoparasites in Carps Relating to Physico-Chemical Parameters in Some Ponds of Mymensingh and Bogra Districts of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 411-418 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
ASM Musa
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Parameters ◽  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Seasonal Prevalence ◽  
Chemical Parameters ◽  
Physico Chemical ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

The research work was conducted to find out the seasonal prevalence and intensity of infestation of the ectoparasites of carps in some ponds of Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh. Seven species of parasites viz. Trichodina domerguei, Trichodina reticulata, Chilodonella cyprini, Myxobohts koi, Dactylogiroides tripathi, D. extenswi and D. catlarius were found from 640 fry-fingerlings of silver carp, Hypophthalmicthys mohtrix (Valenciennes), grass carp, Ctenopharyngodon idella (Valenciennes), European carp, Cyprinns carpio (Linnaeus), small carp, Puntius gonionotus (Bleeker), katla, Catla catla (Hamilton), rui, Labeo rohita (Hamilton-Buchanan) and mrigal, Cirrhina mrigala (Hamilton- Buchanan) from different nurseries and rearing ponds of Mymensingh and Bogra districts of Bangladesh during June, 2004 to October, 2005. The overall percentage of infestations in two study areas was the highest (95%) in winter, moderate (48%) in summer and the lowest (34.8%) in the rainy season. The physicochemical parameters of water exerted more or less significant combined effect on the occurrence of parasites. Key words: Ectoparasites infestation, Carps, seasonal prevalence, Physicochemical parameters.   DOI = 10.3329/bjsir.v43i3.1158Bangladesh J. Sci. Ind. Res. 43(3), 411-418, 2008

scholarly journals Present status of freshwater aquaculture in India - A review

2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Jayasankar
Keyword(s):  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Annual Growth Rate ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Mitigation And Adaptation ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
Freshwater Aquaculture ◽  
To Come ◽  
Aquaculture Production

Aquaculture is a rapidly growing fisheries sector in India with an annual growth rate of over 7%. Freshwater aquaculture contributes over 95% of the total annual aquaculture production of 5.77 million t. Technologies of induced carp breeding and polyculture of the three Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) as well as ‘composite carp culture’ with the addition of three exotic carps (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio) in ponds and tanks brought about perceptible upward shift in freshwater aquaculture production. Of late, the sector has been witnessing diversification with the inclusion of medium and minor carps, catfishes and murrels. Andhra Pradesh and West Bengal are the top producers of freshwater fish through aquaculture. System diversification has resulted in optimum productivity of 3-6 t ha-1 yr-1. Public and private carp hatcheries produce around 40 billion fry. Fish requirement by 2020 is expected to touch 15 million t, of which around 9 million t would need to come from freshwater aquaculture. Input-related, social and environmental constraints of aquaculture in India need to be tackled through horizontal and vertical expansion, technology as well as climate change mitigation and adaptation, for sustainable development.

scholarly journals Effect of inorganic fertilizer on the fish growth and production in polyculture system of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 77-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Sayeed ◽  
MT Alam ◽  
S Sultana ◽  
MS Ali ◽  
MS Azad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Water Area ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizer ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Fish Production ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Grass Carp Ctenopharyngodon Idella

A study was carried out on the optimal dose of inorganic fertilizer used in carp polyculture system over a period of 10 months. Three treatments were assigned: without inorganic fertilizer, with the application of 100 kg/ha/month inorganic fertilizer and 150 kg/ha/month inorganic fertilizer as T1, T2 and T3, respectively. Each treatment had three replications. The selected indigenous carp species were Rui (Labeo rohita), Catla (Catla catla) and Mrigal (Cirrhinus mrigala), and exotic carp species were silver carp (Hypophthalamichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and thai sarpunti (Barbodes gonionotus). The average water area of the experimental ponds was 0.11±0.01 ha and average depth of water in all ponds was 1.26 m. The treatments showed no effect on water temperature, dissolved oxygen, alkalinity and pH. The fish production was significantly higher (P>0.05) in both the treatments T2 and T3 than that of T1 where no inorganic fertilizer was used. But there was no significant difference between T2 and T3 and T2 was with lower dose inorganic fertilizer (100 kg/ha/month) than T3. Therefore, 100 kg/ha/month inorganic fertilizers may be suggested in carp polyculture system for better production. Key words: Inorganic fertilizer, optimal dose, Polyculture, Fish production. Univ. j. zool. Rajshahi Univ. Vol. 26, 2007. pp. 77-80

Innovations in Indian major carp culture technology by the farmers of Andhra Pradesh, India.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Nandeesha
Keyword(s):  
Andhra Pradesh ◽  
Scientific Information ◽  
Stocking Density ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
Chinese Carps ◽  
Major Carps

Abstract India is one of the leading countries in the production of carps in the world. The Indian major carps catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus) and rohu (Labeo rohita) contribute most to the total reported Indian aquaculture production of more than 2 million t. Among these carps, rohu is considered to be tastier than the other two and it has high demand throughout the year, particularly during special festive occasions. Andhra Pradesh on the east coast of south India has reservoirs built for irrigation purposes and a large lake, Kolleru. Rice is a major crop in the State, but low profitability and problems in the cultivation of this crop prompted farmers to explore fish culture as an alternate by transforming paddy fields into fish ponds. Some farmers in the Kolleru lake region began to experiment with the culture of carps following the scientifically recommended practice of six species, the three Indian major carps, plus common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and the Chinese carps, grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) and silver carp (Hypopthalmichthys molitrix). Farmers were able to get good fish production, but due to problems encountered in culture and in marketing of Chinese carps through long distance transport, farmers began experimentation to evolve technology for the culture of Indian carps with focus on rohu, which has the highest assured market throughout the year. Farmers innovated a simple method of fish pond construction by making trenches within the pond and using the excavated soil for building the dykes. Based on experience, farmers have also found that large ponds are best for growing market-size fish and hence the average size of pond used is around 3.5 ha in the region. As the Indian major carps are known to grow better during the second year, farmers always use stunted fish seed aged more than 6 months with an average weight of more than 100 g. The technology evolved by farmers is normally composed of rohu at more than 80% of the total stocking density with the rest being contributed by either catla and/or mrigal. The stocking density used ranges from 5,000 to 10,000 fish ha-1 and the density of fish depends on the final predicted harvested weight of the fish. Organic manure such as poultry and buffalo manure is widely used at more than 20,000 kg ha-1, with heavy application of lime and inorganic fertilizers that account together for more than 3,000 kg ha-1. Supplementary feed is provided to fish on a regular basis, i.e. de-oiled rice bran combined with various types of oil cake. Due to its relatively high cost, the percentage of oil cake used in the feed is regulated based on the growth of fish and season of the year, with the oil cake inclusion level generally kept below 30%. A new method of feeding fish using feed bags has been developed by farmers which has reduced feed wastage and increased efficient utility of the feed mixture. The total quantity of feed used is generally more than 20,000 kg ha-1 with a food conversion ratio of 2.5 -3.5. Though fish disease has been encountered with the increased intensification, various treatments have been developed that combine scientific information generated in the fisheries sector and knowledge available in the veterinary field. Generally, the size of fish at harvest is more than 1 kg and the current average production is more than 8,000 kg ha-1. Fish grown in the area are transported to various parts of the country, mostly to the eastern part. Carp culture using this indigenous technology evolved by farmers is reported to cover more than 80,000 ha in Andhra Pradesh. This farmer-innovated carp culture system has been sustained for the past three decades and they have been steadily increasing production from the system, with some farmers producing more than 15,000 kg fish ha-1. Coconut cultivation on the dykes is a popular form of integration and the income earned by farmers from this integration is appreciable.

scholarly journals Observation On The Induced Spawning Practices In The Hatcheries Of Rajshahi District Of Bangladesh

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 ◽  
pp. 65-68
Author(s):  
Abdus Salam Bhuiyan ◽  
Naima Aktar
Keyword(s):  
Fish Species ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Hatching Rate ◽  
Exotic Fish ◽  
Induced Spawning

An investigation was conducted during the period from March to December 2009 to investigate the induced spawning practices in 22 hatcheries of 6 Upazilas of Rajshahi District of Bangladesh. It was observed that, 6 native fish species viz. rui (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhina mrigala), calibaush (Labeo calbasu), bata (Labeo bata), gonia (Labeo gonius) and six exotic fish species such as silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys moltrix), bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), Thai pangus (Pangasius sutchi), rajputi (Puntius gonionotus) were used in the surveyed hatcheries for induced spawning purpose. The average length limit was 41.70±13.02 to 72.81±25.98 cm, average age limit was 1.96±0.75 to 3.08±0.90 years and average weight limit was 1.83±0.79 to 7.54±3.92 kg of the brood fish. Two types of hormone injections like PG (pituitary gland) and HCG (human chorionic gonadotropin) were used for induced spawning. The rate of 1st doses of injections of PG were from 1 to 4 mg/kg and HCG from 150 to 500 IU/kg and the rate of 2nd doses of injections of PG for native and exotic species were from 4 to 8 mg/kg and 4 to 10 mg/kg respectively. The incubation period and hatching rate in different fish species varied from 10 to 72 hours and 55% to 80%, respectively. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jles.v6i0.9723 JLES 2011 6: 65-68

scholarly journals Induced Breeding of Freshwater Fishes and Cost Benefit Analysis of a Selected Fish Hatchery in Jashore, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
pp. 15-25
Author(s):  
Anusree Biswas ◽  
Moumita Choudhury ◽  
Md. Almamun Farid ◽  
M. Aminur Rahman ◽  
M. Anisur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Cost Benefit Analysis ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Bighead Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Benefit Analysis ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Fish Hatchery ◽  
Breeding Techniques

An investigation was carried out to know the induced breeding techniques of some firewater fish species such as rui (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), sharpunti (Puntius sarana) and bata (Labeo bata) at Ma Fatima Fish Hatchery in Chanchra, Jashore, Bangladesh. The cost-benefit analysis was also performed on this hatchery for three months from May to July, 2016. The brood fishes purchased from different local sources were used for spawning. The hatchery mainly practiced induced breeding by maintaining proper age and weight of brood stock during spawning. The ranges of fertilization and hatching rates of the experimental fishes were 80.04±1.44 % to 94.35±0.54% and 75.34±3.49% to 88.68±2.76%, respectively. Total spawn production was 960, 862 and 734 kg, and the total revenue income from spawn sell was BDT 2,883,500, 2,355,100 and 1,844,800 (BDT 85 = 1 US$) in May, June and July, respectively. Estimated capital cost was BDT 87,90,000, while the operating costs were BDT 1,810,650; 1,555,105 and 1,267,680 in May, June and July, respectively. The calculated cost-benefit ratios in May, June and July were 1.59, 1.51 and 1.46, respectively. The hatchery got the highest net profit of BDT (Bangladeshi Taka) 1,041,906 in May due to the highest production and higher price of spawn, and the lowest profit of BDT 546,176 was obtained in July. So, May was found to be the peak breeding month of Ma Fatima Hatchery. The estimated cost-benefit ratio indicated that the spawn production through induced breeding techniques was profitable for the hatchery owners.

scholarly journals Potential and Economic Viability of Freshwater Prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) Polyculture with Indian Major Carps in Northwestern Bangladesh

Our Nature ◽  
1970 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Jasmine ◽  
M. Molina ◽  
M.Y. Hossain ◽  
M.A.S. Jewel ◽  
F. Ahamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Silver Carp ◽  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Economic Feasibility ◽  
Freshwater Prawn ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
Northwestern Bangladesh ◽  
De Man ◽  
Major Carps

This study was conducted to assess the aquaculture potential of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii (de Man, 1879) with the Indian major carps (Catla, Catla catla; Rui, Labeo rohita and Mrigal, Cirrhinus mrigala) and silver carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in northwestern Bangladesh. Further, the effect of the culture system on overall production and economic feasibility was evaluated. A 3×2 (treatment×replicate) experimental setup was conducted using six earthen ponds measuring 100 m2 each for a culture period of six months from September, 2007 to February, 2008. The treatments were as follows: T1 was stocked with only carps (catla, rohu, mrigal and silver) at the 3000 (catla), 2000 (ruhu), 3000 (mrigal) and 2000 (silver) ha-1; T2 and T3 were stocked with catla and silver carp were 3000 and 2000 ha-1, respectively; and additionally M. rosenbergii (juvenile) was stocked at 15000 and 20000 ha-1 in T2 and T3, respectively. All the ponds were subjected to the same fertilization treatment. Fish were fed twice per day at a rate of 5-12% of the prawn and fish body weight. The net weight gain of catla and silver carp were 69.08±11.63 and 108.67±15.00 g in T1, 61.76±12.58 and 98.80±17.05 g in T2, while 58.11±12.51 and 93.09±14.84 g in T3, respectively. The mean individual weight of harvested prawn was significantly higher in T2 (14.61±02.06 g) than T3 (14.04±01.83 g) (P<0.05). Also the survival rate of prawn was higher in T2 (74.15%) than T3 (69.25%) (P<0.05). The net production of prawn was higher in T3 (1141.28±46.35 kg ha-1) than T2 (964.54±25.53 kg ha-1), but the specific growth rate was significantly higher in T2 (2.07%) than T3 (1.99%) (P<0.05). Higher profit was obtained in T3 (35682.18 Tk ha-1) than T1 (8537.53 Tk ha-1) and T2 (30801.56 Tk ha-1); however, cost-benefit ratio (CBR) was significantly higher in T2 (3.19) where stocking densities of prawn was 15000 ha-1 than T1 (2.92) and T3 (2.47). The results of this experiment indicate that the polyculture of the freshwater prawn with the Indian major and Chinese carp present a more profitable venture which is more economically feasible than the monoculture of the freshwater prawn.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/on.v9i1.5735

Improved production from seasonal ponds in Northwest Bangladesh.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Morrice
Keyword(s):  
Labeo Rohita ◽  
Silver Carp ◽  
Ctenopharyngodon Idella ◽  
Soil Types ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Cow Manure ◽  
Hypophthalmichthys Molitrix ◽  
Triple Superphosphate ◽  
Seasonal Ponds ◽  
Silver Barb

Abstract A polyculture system was developed that was affordable to poor owners of seasonal ponds with a mean annual culture period of 200 days and situated on low quality soil types. Three main species were used silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix), silver barb (Barbonymus gonionotus) and common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Stocked in smaller numbers wererohu (Labeo rohita), catla (Catla catla), mrigal (Cirrhinus cirrhosus)and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Pond preparation and management were dependent on the use of lime, cow manure, triple superphosphate (TSP) and urea. Duckweed, green vegetables and rice bran were the principle supplementary feeds. This system raised production levels from 740 kg ha-1 to 2195 kg ha-1 with a cost:benefit ratio of 1:3.8.

Nutrients budget and effluents characteristics in polyculture of scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and Indian major carps ponds using organic inputs

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (7) ◽  
pp. 1540-1548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Subhendu Adhikari ◽  
Bharat Chandra Sahu ◽  
Lambodar Dey
Keyword(s):  
Macrobrachium Rosenbergii ◽  
Nutrient Budget ◽  
Catla Catla ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Cow Dung ◽  
Nutrient Loads ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Indian Major Carps ◽  
Main Input ◽  
Major Carps

Experiments were conducted for the study of nutrient budget in farmers' ponds (0.4–0.6 ha) in Orissa, India, at stocking densities of 0.30–0.38/m2 for scampi (Macrobrachium rosenbergii) and 0.60–0.70/m2 for Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala). The average initial body weights of scampi and the major carps were 0.02 and 8–10 g, respectively. The culture period was 272–292 days. Feed was the main input. The FCR (feed conversion ratio) varied from 1.78 to 1.83. Feed and cow dung were applied to these ponds as organic inputs. At harvest time, the average weight of scampi and carps varied from 73 to 92 g and from 718 to 820 g, respectively. Among all the inputs, feed alone accounted for 97.60% total nitrogen (N), 97.90% total phosphorus (P) and 94.72% total organic carbon (OC), respectively. The harvest of scampi and carps accounted for recovery of 52.45% N, 19.43% P and 18.12% OC, respectively. N, P and OC accumulated in sediment were 38.31, 71.40 and 69.50%, respectively. The median nutrient loads in the fish pond effluents were equivalent to 0.58 kg of inorganic N, 0.135 kg of P and 8.83 kg of total OC per ton of Indian major carps and scampi production.

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