scholarly journals Molecular identification of Botrytis cinerea, Penicillium spp. and Cladosporium spp. in Luxembourg

OENO One ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 239 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Behr ◽  
Sylvain Legay ◽  
Danièle Evers
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Green Mould ◽  
Primer Sets

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: Grapes are submitted to several fungal attacks, which can impair quantity and quality of the resulting wine. The aim of this paper is to describe sets of primers that are able to easily characterise the strains isolated on the grapes by DNA sequencing.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Four sets of primers targeting the beta-tubulin and Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) regions were used. Samples were isolated from grey or green moulds on mature berries during 5 years in vineyards located in the Moselle Valley of Luxembourg. Identifications were performed by comparing the obtained sequences with referenced sequences using several databases. The isolates obtained from the grey mould were identified as <em>Botrytis cinerea</em>, <em>Mucor fragilis</em> and <em>Chaetomium globosum</em>, whereas on green mould, <em>Penicillium expansum</em>, <em>Penicillium minioluteum</em>, <em>Davidiella</em> <em>tassiana</em> and <em>Cladosporium cladosporioides</em> were recovered. Identification may be impossible for two reasons : samples may not display a sequence of sufficient quality, which can tentatively be solved by cloning the PCR amplicon, or databases may not be exhaustive enough to unambiguously determine the species. We therefore suggest primer sets for each species according to these limiting factors.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: The performances of the primers were species-dependent. Even though the ITS region is more highly represented in the databases than the beta-tubulin region, technical results were better for beta-tubulin sequences.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of the study</strong>: This work provides a basic methodology for the molecular characterisation of the fungal flora encountered on grapes.</p>

Effects of ozone treatment on the quality of kiwifruit during postharvest storage affected by Botrytis cinerea and Penicillium expansum

2019 ◽  
Vol 167 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 470-478 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anwei Luo ◽  
Junqing Bai ◽  
Rui Li ◽  
Yimeng Fang ◽  
Lin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Ozone Treatment ◽  
Postharvest Storage

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization of Natural Fungal Flora in Black Olives: From Field to Table

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (8) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nisa Ozsoy ◽  
Hilal Ozkilinc ◽  
Cigdem Uysal Pala
Keyword(s):  
Fermentation Process ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Tubulin Gene ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Beta Tubulin ◽  
Fungal Isolation ◽  
Field Samples ◽  
Beta Tubulin Gene ◽  
Toxin Producers

In this study, molecular markers were used to determine fungal flora in black olive fruits from field surveys to the table, following the fermentation process. Field samples were collected from different locations of Canakkale province, including Gokceada (Imbros), where organic farming is employed. Some of the fruits from field samples were used for black table olive production and then fungal flora was tracked during the fermentation process. Fungal isolation was also conducted on some commercial samples. Fifty seven isolates from field samples, 56 isolates from the fermentation process and 17 isolates from commercial products were obtained. Among these isolates, 41 Alternaria, 43 Penicillium, 19 Aspergillus, 8 Monascus and 19 other genera were determined using amplified sizes of the Beta-tubulin gene region. Species level identification was carried out based on sequences of Beta-tubulin amplicons, which provided accurate identification, especially where the genera were morphologically highly similar. The occurrence and prevalence of fungal species changed in fungal collections from the field to the fermentation process. While Alternaria alternata was common in field samples, they were absent during fermentation. Many of these identified species, such as Penicillium expansum, Aspergillus niger and Monascus pilosus, which are known as potential toxin producers such as aflatoxin, ochratoxin A and citrinin, were found both in natural and fermented samples, even at the end of the fermentation process. These results showed that some fungal species which survive on olives from the field to the table are potential toxin producers and can be successfully characterized by amplification and sequencing of Beta-tubulin gene.

Induction of natural defense and protection against Penicillium expansum and Botrytis cinerea in apple fruit in response to bioelicitors isolated from green algae

2015 ◽  
Vol 181 ◽  
pp. 121-128 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Abouraïcha ◽  
Z. El Alaoui-Talibi ◽  
R. El Boutachfaiti ◽  
E. Petit ◽  
B. Courtois ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Green Algae ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Natural Defense

scholarly journals Marker Development for Differentiation of Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. Niveum Race 3 from Races 1 and 2

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 822
Author(s):  
Owen Hudson ◽  
Sumyya Waliullah ◽  
James C. Fulton ◽  
Pingsheng Ji ◽  
Nicholas S. Dufault ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Carolina ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Conventional Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Detection Methods ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Pcr Marker ◽  
Primer Sets ◽  
Race Differentiation ◽  
Race 2

Fusarium wilt of watermelon, caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. niveum (FON), is pathogenic only to watermelon and has become one of the main limiting factors in watermelon production internationally. Detection methods for this pathogen are limited, with few published molecular assays available to differentiate FON from other formae speciales of F. oxysporum. FON has four known races that vary in virulence but are difficult and costly to differentiate using traditional inoculation methods and only race 2 can be differentiated molecularly. In this study, genomic and chromosomal comparisons facilitated the development of a conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that could differentiate race 3 from races 1 and 2, and by using two other published PCR markers in unison with the new marker, the three races could be differentiated. The new PCR marker, FNR3-F/FNR3-R, amplified a 511 bp region on the “pathogenicity chromosome” of the FON genome that is absent in race 3. FNR3-F/FNR3-R detected genomic DNA down to 2.0 pg/µL. This marker, along with two previously published FON markers, was successfully applied to test over 160 pathogenic FON isolates from Florida, Georgia, and South Carolina. Together, these three FON primer sets worked well for differentiating races 1, 2, and 3 of FON. For each marker, a greater proportion (60 to 90%) of molecular results agreed with the traditional bioassay method of race differentiation compared to those that did not. The new PCR marker should be useful to differentiate FON races and improve Fusarium wilt research.

scholarly journals Investigation of Botrytis Cinerea Risk Forecasting Model of Strawberry in Lithuania

2013 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-198 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neringa Rasiukevičiūtė ◽  
Alma Valiuškaitė ◽  
Elena Survilienė-Radzevičė ◽  
Skaidrė Supronienė
Keyword(s):  
Disease Management ◽  
Botrytis Cinerea ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Grey Mould ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Forecasting Model ◽  
Leaf Wetness ◽  
Risk Of Infection ◽  
Risk Forecasting ◽  
Risk Probability

Grey mould, caused by Botrytis cinerea Pers.:Fr. is one of the most important strawberry diseases in Lithuania, like in other countries, where strawberries are grown. The efficiency of different disease management systems were analyzed at the Institute of Horticulture in 2010-2011. The B. cinerea risk probability at various regions of Lithuania was analyzed according to iMETOS ®sm grey mould risk forecasting model. Strawberry grey mould risk forecasting model indicates the risk of infection periods on the basis of the interaction between air temperature and leaf wetness duration. The model calculates how favourable is the period for the risk of infection. In periods where the risk is consistent (more than three days), higher than 60 points, a spray against grey mould should be applied. iMETOS®sm grey mould risk forecasting model gives the opportunity to optimize the usage of fungicides and reduce the number of applications and allows more efficient, ecologically and economically accepted control of strawberries grey mould.

scholarly journals New Isolated Metschnikowia pulcherrima Strains from Apples for Postharvest Biocontrol of Penicillium expansum and Patulin Accumulation

Toxins ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 397
Author(s):  
Laura Settier-Ramírez ◽  
Gracia López-Carballo ◽  
Pilar Hernández-Muñoz ◽  
Angélique Fontana ◽  
Caroline Strub ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Medium ◽  
Fungal Growth ◽  
Its Region ◽  
Antagonistic Activity ◽  
Penicillium Expansum ◽  
Metschnikowia Pulcherrima ◽  
Potential Activity ◽  
Different Strains ◽  
Main Producer

Wild yeasts isolated from the surface of apples were screened for antagonistic activity against Penicillium expansum, the main producer of the mycotoxin patulin. Three antagonistic yeasts (Y33, Y29 and Y24) from a total of 90 were found to inhibit P. expansum growth. Identification by ITS region sequence and characterization showed that three selected isolates of yeast should be different strains of Metschnikowia pulcherrima. Several concentrations of the selected yeasts were used to study their in vitro antifungal effectivity against P. expansum on Petri dishes (plates with 63.6 cm2 surface) whereas their potential activity on patulin reduction was studied in liquid medium. Finally, the BCA that had the best in vitro antifungal capacity against P. and the best patulin degradation capacity was selected to be assessed directly on apples. All the selected strains demonstrated antifungal activity in vitro but the most efficient was the strain Y29. Isolated strains were able to reduce patulin content in liquid medium, Y29 being the only strain that completely reduced patulin levels within 120 h. The application of Y29 as biocontrol agent on the surface of apples inoculated with P. expansum, inhibited fungal growth and patulin production during storage. Therefore, the results shown that this yeast strain could be used for the reduction of P. expansum and its mycotoxin in apples or apple-based products by adapting the procedure application.

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