scholarly journals Evaluating the chemical and metal contamination of commercial Rakı, a grape-based alcoholic beverage from Turkey

OENO One ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 261-271
Author(s):  
Ahmed Menevseoglu ◽  
Turgut Cabaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Metal Contamination ◽  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Alcoholic Beverage ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Ethyl Carbamate ◽  
Alcoholic Beverages ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Process Time ◽  
International Agency

Turkish Rakı is one of the most consumed alcoholic beverages in Turkey. The chemical and metal contamination of alcoholic beverages is a threat to human health and lowers the quality of the product. Ethyl carbamate and furfural are carcinogenic to animals, and have been classified as Group 2A and 3 agents respectively by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. Factors, such as raw materials, process time and storage, affect metal concentrations in beverages. Limits for chemicals and metals in Rakı have not yet been established by the Turkish agency. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical and metal contamination of commercial Turkish Rakı. Thirty-seven different types of Turkish Rakı were purchased from local markets in Turkey. Ethyl carbamate (EC) and furfural (FR) levels were measured by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS). Arsenic, copper, lead, and zinc levels were measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma–Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). None of the Rakı samples contained EC. Furfural was not detected in commercial Rakı samples but only in illegal Rakı samples. Ethanol and methanol levels complied with Turkish regulation. Our data shows that commercial Rakı from Turkey was contaminated by very low amounts of arsenic (<LOD–0.02 mg/L), copper (0.05–0.41 mg/L), lead (< LOD–0.03 mg/L) and zinc (0.01–0.39 mg/L).

The Study of Drift in Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry. Analysis of Silicate and Carbonate Raw Materials

1993 ◽  
Vol 58 (12) ◽  
pp. 2905-2917 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viktor Kanický
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Statistical Tests ◽  
Internal Standard ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
International Standards ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Internal Standard Method ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Inductively Coupled

The work shows the importance of maintaining a constant temperature in a spray chamber to obtain a stable signal in the ICP spectrometry of water solutions. Simple shielding against ICP thermal radiation and forced air circulation in a plasma torch/spry chamber. The internal standard method has been used to improve signal stability. The number and composition of calibration solutions have been optimized for the detremination of the main constituents of some silicate and carbonate raw materials. An ultrasonic cleaning bath has been successfully used instead of stirring to dissolve the samples after fusion with LiBO2. Certified Czech and Slovak geological reference materials and some international standards have been used to test the accuracy. Statistical tests have proved that the method of determination complies with the requirements of technological standards.

scholarly journals Spectroscopic, Textural and Thermal Characterization Methods of Biostimulants Based on Sodium Humate

2019 ◽  
Vol 69 (12) ◽  
pp. 3477-3482
Author(s):  
Rusandica Stoica ◽  
Florin Oancea ◽  
Iulian Minca ◽  
Sanda Maria Doncea ◽  
Rodica Ganea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Nutrient Use Efficiency ◽  
Reference Method ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Essential Information ◽  
Complex Investigation ◽  
Characterization Methods

Plant biostimulants, an emerging class of agricultural inputs, are complex products. The reproducibility of their specific action on plant metabolism and plant physiology, which lead to an enhanced nutrient use efficiency, stress tolerance and edible yield quality, is still a challenge. Development of quality insurance systems for plant biostimulants need complex investigation based on adapted analytical, physico-chemical and chemical methods. The objective of this work was to characterize commercial humate biostimulants through different analytical techniques (Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy - FTIR, thermogravimetric analysis- TGA) and to evaluate their textural and chemical (pH, C, N, humic acids, inorganic components) parameters. The first derivative curve from TG analysis showed decomposition of different compounds, classified according to the results obtained by FTIR. The humic substances determined by TGA method was comparable with the results obtained by gravimetric reference method. The inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES) technique was applied to determine the inorganic elements either from the production process of humate or from raw materials, as well as for the control of humate in terms of requirements for safety and quality. Their complementary properties obtaining through different analytical techniques provide essential information on the chemical characteristics of the humate plant biostimulant formulations.

Advances in sample digestion using microwave-ultraviolet radiations: phosphorus and sulfur determination in animal feed

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diogo L. R. Novo ◽  
Priscila T. Scaglioni ◽  
Rodrigo M. Pereira ◽  
Filipe S. Rondan ◽  
Gilberto S. Coelho Junior ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inductively Coupled Plasma ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Optical Emission ◽  
Emission Spectrometry ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Dissolved Carbon ◽  
Inductively Coupled ◽  
Relative Standard ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Sulfur Determination

Background: Conventional analytical methods for phosphorus and sulfur determination in several matrices present normally analytical challenges regarding inaccuracy, detectability and waste generation. Objective: The main objective is proposing a green and feasible analytical method for phosphorus and sulfur determination in animal feed. Methods: Synergic effect between microwave and ultraviolet radiations during sample preparation was evaluated for the first time for the animal feed digestion associated with further phosphorus and sulfur determination by ion chromatography with conductivity detection. Dissolved carbon and residual acidity in final digests were used for the proposed method assessment. Phosphorus and sulfur values were compared with those obtained using conventional microwave-assisted wet digestion in closed vessels associated with inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry and with those obtained using Association of Official Analytical Chemists International official method. Recovery tests and certified reference material analysis were performed. Animal feeds were analyzed using the proposed method. Results: Sample masses of 500 mg were efficiently digested using only 2 mol L -1 HNO3. The results obtained by the proposed method was not differing significantly (p > 0.05) from those obtained by the conventional and official methods. Suitable recoveries (from 94 to 99%), agreement with certified values (101 and 104%) and relative standard deviations (< 8%) were achieved. Phosphorus and sulfur content in commercial products varied in a wide range (P: 5,873 to 28,387 mg kg-1 and S: 2,165 to 4,501 mg kg-1 ). Conclusion: The proposed method is a green, safe, accurate, precise and sensitive alternative for animal feed quality control.

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