scholarly journals Sacred components of hunting and fishing technologies of the indigenous peoples of the Amur-Sakhalin Region

2021 ◽  
pp. 110-119
Author(s):  
S.V. Bereznitsky
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Ancient Greek ◽  
Historical Method ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Rational Knowledge ◽  
Hunting And Fishing ◽  
The Russian Far East

The article, by means of the comparative-historical method, critical analysis of scholarly concepts, and use of ethnographic materials, deals with the study of the complex of beliefs and rituals of indigenous peoples of the Russian Far East (Nanais, Negidals, Nivkhs, Orochs, Udeges, Uilta, Ulchs, and Evenks) as a sacred component of their traditional and modern hunting and fishing technologies. The term ‘technology’ originates from the Ancient Greek philosophy by the development of the doctrine of ‘techne’ as an art by which things are made. Technology is based on notion and supersedes the role of the chance in human life and activities, which expedites the proc-ess of adaptation to the nature. The ritual preceding production of a tool or a vehicle is performed to improve qual-ity of the item to ensure its more productive use in hunting and fishing. In the culture of indigenous peoples of the Russian Far East, there are known examples of invocation of magic, cults, beliefs, and rituals to secure hunter’s luck in fabrication of hunter carriers, tools for hunting marine and terrestrial animals, and traps. Beliefs and rituals serve as the sacred components of the hunting and fishing technologies, which have the utmost importance for sustainable life of the indigenous population. The main conclusion is that, in spite of some differences in the economy, degree of settlement and mobility, and the level of influence of nonethnic cultures, undoubtedly, the results of hunting, fishing, off-shore seal catching, deer breeding, and foraging depend on personal experience, rational knowledge of the qualities of plants, weather signs, and migration times and habits of animals, and on the quality of the trade equipment, transport, clothes and footwear. However, these aspects are not sufficient and the hunters resort to the sacral components of the hunting and fishing technologies — transport means are ‘enli-vened’, by magic means they are imparted with the qualities of living beings — people or animals. With the help of amulets, the hunters strengthen their trade qualities — agility, perception-reaction time, and intuition. Prohibitions are observed, which are aimed at decreasing dependence on chance and increasing hunting productivity. The rational technologies, aimed at the survivance of the ethnos, are complemented by the sacred components, so that people cling to the help of supernatural powers.

scholarly journals The earliest centres of pottery origin in the Russian Far East and Siberia: review of chronology for the oldest Neolithic cultures

2002 ◽  
Vol 29 ◽  
pp. 37-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaroslav V. Kuzmin
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Amur River ◽  
Early Emergence ◽  
The Amur River ◽  
China And Japan ◽  
Hunting And Fishing ◽  
Neolithic Cultures ◽  
The Russian Far East

The earliest pottery from the Russian Far East, Osipovka and Gromatukha cultural complexes, was radiocarbon-dated to c. 13 300–12 300 BP. In Siberia, the earliest pottery is known from the Ust-Karenga complex, dated to c. 11 200–10 800 BP. The Osipovka and Gromatukha complexes belong to the Initial Neolithic, and they are contemporaneous with the earliest Neolithic cultures in southern China and Japan. In spite of the very early emergence of pottery in the Russian Far East, there is no evidence of agriculture at the beginning of the Neolithic, and subsistence remains based on hunting and fishing, including anadromous salmonids in the Amur River and its tributaries.

scholarly journals Modeling fire danger in data-poor regions: a case study from the Russian Far East

2009 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatiana V. Loboda
Keyword(s):  
Human Life ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Regional Scale ◽  
Far East ◽  
Fire Danger ◽  
Data Sources ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Remotely Sensed Data ◽  
Fire Activity ◽  
The Russian Far East

Wildland fire is a widespread phenomenon that affects how many ecosystems function and often threatens human life and property. Development of fire danger rating systems, aimed at identifying critical periods of high fire danger at early stages of its occurrence, is an important step for proactive fire and resource management. Development of such systems relies on long-term records of fire occurrence as well as numerous data sources for supporting information, but accurate and spatially explicit information is not available in many regions of the world affected by fire. Global satellite systems are becoming a major source of information for data-poor regions. The present paper describes a framework for modeling fire danger at a regional scale using publicly available data sources and global satellite imaging. It details a fuzzy logic-driven fire danger model developed for the Russian Far East using remotely sensed data. Fire activity recorded by the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) active fire product was analyzed for 2001–05 as a function of various parameters. Model performance was evaluated against 2006 data. Fire danger was evaluated within the model using the ordered weighted averaging approach with fuzzification. The model produces three scenarios. All output model scenarios provide a meaningful representation of fire danger levels in the region with the ‘trade-off’ scenario being the most applicable to mapping fire danger during low fire activity seasons.

scholarly journals An Introduction to Vladimir Arsen’ev’s Life

Sibirica ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Amir Khisamutdinov
Keyword(s):  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Soviet Period ◽  
The Far East ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
The Russian Far East ◽  
Comprehensive Study

The article is devoted to the famous explorer and writer Vladimir Klavdievich Arsen’ev (1872–1930). He arrived in the Russian Far East in 1900, where he conducted numerous research expeditions and engaged in a comprehensive study of the Far East. Arsen’ev studied the lives of the region’s indigenous peoples and published several books, Dersu Uzala being the most famous one. This article is based on Arsen’ev’s personal archives, which are stored in Vladivostok. The article chronicles his life in the Soviet period. It also discusses the punishment of his wives and children.

scholarly journals Strategies of the Texts Translation Published on the Languages of the Indiginous Peoples of the Russian Far East

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 368-392
Author(s):  
Marina V. Osipova
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Heritage ◽  
Indigenous Peoples ◽  
Russian Far East ◽  
Far East ◽  
Native Languages ◽  
Professional Writers ◽  
The Russian Far East

Lately more and more articles are published, in which the problem of translation the works written in the native languages of the indigenous peoples of Russia are touched upon. Their authors (Yu.V. Limorenko, A.M. Kotorova, N.Ya. Bulatova etc.) emphasize the importance of such translation in popularization the cultural heritage of these peoples. However there isnt any research that highlights the questions of creation of the corpus of translated texts, what kind of methods and strategies were used by translators. It should be mentioned that that the corpus of translated texts can be divided into two types. The first type includes texts written and translated by scientists, missionaries and historians. To the second type belong texts translated by amateur and professional writers. That is why the aim of this article is to answer the question about the stages of the creating of the corpus of the translated from the native languages texts, to determine the most productive methods of translation and to find out what strategies of translation were used by the translators - whether they used their own knowledge of the native languages or interlinear translation, or processed the translation made by the author himself. To achieve this aim the comparative-historical and hermeneutic approaches are used.

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