scholarly journals The Size and The Shape of Sagittal Otolith of Redtail Scad, Decapterus kurroides Blekeer 1855 from Kema Bay, North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Omni-Akuatika ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 99
Author(s):  
Fransine B Manginsela ◽  
Gybert E Mamuaya ◽  
Rizald M Rompas ◽  
Lawrence J L Lumingas
Keyword(s):  
Shape Index ◽  
Growth Patterns ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Total Length ◽  
North Sulawesi ◽  
Sagittal Otolith ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Otolith Size

This study aimed to examine the difference in the otolith size and otolith shape of redtail scad Decapterus kurrodes between sex in North Sulawesi. The otoliths of D. kurroides were studied for sagitta otolith pair samples of 34 juveniles,   58 females and 75 males from Kema Bay. These pairs sagitta otolith images were interpreted using ImageJ tool to describe the otolith size (length, width, perimeter, and area), then we calculated the shape index (form factor, roundness, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity and aspect ratio or length-width ratio). No significant difference was found in otolith length between left and right otoliths of juveniles of D. kurroides or called symmetrical but significant differences or asymmetrical were found in all sample, females and males. The regressions of total length against otolith sizes (otolith lengt, otolith width otolith perimeter and otolith area of D. kurroides follow a power function. The growth patterns showed dominant allometric growth in total length–otolith sizes relationships of D. kurroides from Kema Bay, Key Words: size, shape index, otolith, Decapterus kurroides, Kema Bay.

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DITYLENCHUS DESTRUCTOR THORNE, 1945 (NEMATODA:TYLENCHIDAE), FROM POTATO, BULBOUS IRIS, AND DAHLIA, WITH A DISCUSSION OF DE MAN'S RATIOS

1960 ◽  
Vol 38 (6) ◽  
pp. 1175-1187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liang-Yu Wu
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Tail Shape ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Ditylenchus Destructor ◽  
Sex Cells ◽  
Host Influence

Nematodes having the general characters of Ditylenchus destructor Thorne, 1945, from the potato, bulbous iris, and dahlia, did not reveal any significant difference in the basic structures to suggest the presence of more than one species. However, due to host influence, there may be some variation in total length, width, number and arrangement of sex cells, length of oesophagus, length of spear, and tail shape. Nematodes from potato were successfully transferred to dahlia and carrot, and from iris and dahlia to potato.Specimens of D. destructor from potato interbreed freely with specimens from bulbous iris and from dahlia. Evidently these nematodes from the three hosts are the same species, i.e., D. destructor.Among the ratios used, the values of c in the case of males and that of "V%" have some support from the data.

Incidence rate and morphyology of cavum septum pellucidum in patients with treatment-resistant schizophrenia, major depression: A structural MRI study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 955-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Sun ◽  
J.J. Maller ◽  
L. Guo ◽  
Z.J. Daskalakis ◽  
P.B. Fitzgerald
Keyword(s):  
Structural Mri ◽  
Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Treatment Resistant ◽  
Maximum Width ◽  
Cavum Septum Pellucidum ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Developmental Characteristics ◽  
Mri Study

IntroductionSeveral studies have independently suggested that schizophrenia patients are more likely to have an enlarged cavum septum pellucidum (CSP). However, neither finding has been consistently replicated.ObjectivesWe recruited the relatively homogeneity population: treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and treatment resistant depression (TRD).To investigate whether CSP was present more frequently in TRS or TRD patients than controls and the difference of CSP morphological characteristic between groups.Methods1.5-Tesla MRI was used to evaluate the prevalence of CSP and morphology changes in 42 TRS, 45 TRD patients and 30 healthy controls. The CSP length, width and volume were measured using MRIcro and Analyze™ 8.1 software. A CSP equal to or greater than 6 mm in length was defined as big CSP.ResultsTRS Patients had a significantly higher prevalence (6%) of the big CSP than TRD patients (0%) or controls (3.3%) while no significant difference on the prevalence of all CSP (TRS: 64.3%, TRD: 48.9%, controls: 50.0%) or small CSP between groups. Compared with controls or TRD patients, the values of CSP maximum width in patients with TRS were significant lower and CSP length were higher. There was no significant difference in the CSP volume between groups.ConclusionsThe incidence in Big CSP in TRS patients was higher than that of TRS patients or controls. The small CSP may be a kind of normal variant. There were different CSP developmental characteristics between TRS and TRD patients based on the MRI study.

Feline Skeletal Reference Guide: A Cadaveric Radiographic Measurement on Lower Limb Extremities

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yunsir Choi ◽  
Joanna Pilton ◽  
Timothy Foo ◽  
Richard Malik ◽  
Bianca Haase
Keyword(s):  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Radiographic Measurement ◽  
Reference Database ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Surgical Interventions ◽  
Metatarsal Bones ◽  
Metacarpal Bones ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Index Ratio

Abstract Objective The aim of this study was to create a feline reference database for the length, width and slenderness (length to width ratio) of metacarpal and metatarsal bones, radius and tibia. Study Design Radiographs of the radius, tibia, metacarpus and metatarsus were performed in domestic short hair cat cadavers (n = 40). Length and width of the aforementioned bones were measured in mature domestic shorthair cats and bone slenderness (length/width) and index ratios calculated. Results A significant skeletal sex dimorphism exists in cats, with bones of the metacarpus, metatarsus, radius and tibia generally longer and wider in male cats compared with female cats, with differences frequently significant. The most significant difference was identified for the width of Mc5 (p = 0.0008) and the length and width of Mt5 (p = 0.0005). Index ratios for length and width of radius to metacarpal bones, and tibia to metatarsal bones, were not significantly different between male and female cats, except for Mc5. The index ratio for Mc5 was significantly higher in male cats (p = 0.002). Conclusion The present study provides insights into the normal length and width of distal forelimb and hind limb bones as well as bone index ratios in mature domestic shorthair cats. Using this information, it is now possible to quantitatively assess the relationship between these bones in domestic cats using radiography. This will assist not only with the diagnosis and categorization of skeletal abnormalities but can also guide surgical interventions of metacarpal and metatarsal bone fractures.

scholarly journals Yardangs and Dunes: Minimum- and Maximum-Dissipation Aeolian Landforms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ralph D. Lorenz
Keyword(s):  
Degrees Of Freedom ◽  
Soft Rock ◽  
Sand Transport ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Minimum Drag ◽  
Sand Supply ◽  
Aeolian Erosion ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Normal Transport

Abstract. Yardangs are ridges formed in soft rock by aeolian erosion in a unidirectional wind environment, and often have a 4 : 1 length : width ratio that is associated with a minimum-drag shape for a given width. Dunes are emergent aeolian landforms formed by accumulation and removal of sand particles. Dunes have a range of morphologies (barchans, stars, linear, transverse etc.) which can be mapped to the sand supply and the diversity of wind directions. The dune pattern that generally emerges is one that maximizes gross bedform normal transport (GBNT). For fixed imposed wind speed, a minimum drag force corresponds to a minimum dissipation, whereas maximum sand transport corresponds to maximum dissipation. These examples illuminate a more general paradox in non-equilibrium thermodynamics, wherein entropy production rates may be maximized or minimized depending, vaguely, on the degrees of freedom in the system. In these geomorphological examples, however, the difference is informatively clear: whereas yardangs emerge simply by removal of material alone and dissipation is minimized, dunes form by the much less constrained removal and accumulation to maximize dissipation.

scholarly journals Biometric relationships between body size and otolith size in 15 demersal marine fish species from the northern Brazilian coast

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 299-306
Author(s):  
Rory Romero de Sena OLIVEIRA ◽  
Marcelo Costa ANDRADE ◽  
Fabiola Seabra MACHADO ◽  
Élida Jesana Santana CUNHA ◽  
Flaviane Souto de FREITAS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Coefficient Of Determination ◽  
Brazilian Coast ◽  
Marine Fish Species ◽  
Fish Size ◽  
Total Length ◽  
Marine Predators ◽  
Sagittal Otolith ◽  
First Time ◽  
Otolith Size

ABSTRACT The relationships between fish size and sagitta otolith measurements were calculated for the first time for 15 species belonging to six families from the northern Brazilian coast. A total of 220 fish were sampled from the bycatch landed by the bottom-trawl industrial shrimp-fishing fleet between August and September 2016. All species had strong relationships between otolith measurements and fish total length with the coefficient of determination (r 2) ranging between 0.71 and 0.99. The variable most strongly related to fish total length was found to be the sagittal otolith length (OL) with 98% of the variability. These relationships are a useful tool to estimate length and mass of preyed fish from otoliths found in stomach contents of marine predators.

scholarly journals Numerical methods and image processing techniques for melissopalynological honey analysis

10.5219/1517 ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 58-65
Author(s):  
Zdeňka Javůrková ◽  
Matej Pospiech ◽  
Simona Ljasovská ◽  
Pavel Hrabec ◽  
Bohuslava Tremlová
Keyword(s):  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Depth Of Field ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Automated Systems ◽  
Depth Of Focus ◽  
Image Processing Techniques ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Processing Techniques ◽  
Honey Analysis

Pollen analysis is a method used for verification of the botanical and geographical honey origin. Currently, much effort is being made to introduce automated systems with the use of image analysis programs. The automatic analysis is impeded by the insufficient depth of field of objects when using a light microscope, however, this can be avoided by using image reconstruction from images obtained from different focal planes. In this method, testing was performed on the normal focus (NF) and extended-depth-of-focus (EDF) images. These two methods were compared and statistically evaluated. The number of pollen grains and selected morphometric characteristics were compared. For EDF images, a higher number of pollen grains was obtained for the analysis, and except for the length/width ratio, a statistically significant difference was observed in the characteristics of pollen grains between the compared NF and EDF methods.

Venous Supercharging Reduces Complications and Improves Outcomes of Distally Based Sural Flaps

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (05) ◽  
pp. 343-351 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid Bekara ◽  
Nicolas Bertheuil ◽  
Raphael Carloni ◽  
Sandy Dast ◽  
Raphael Sinna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Open Fracture ◽  
Lower Leg ◽  
Venous Congestion ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Distal Lower Leg ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Prospective Comparative Study ◽  
Distally Based

Background The use of distally based neurocutaneous sural flaps (DBNCSF) is one of the most common methods of reconstructing the distal lower leg. However, they have developed a bad reputation because of their propensity for venous engorgement. Venous congestion that can lead to distal necrosis can be prevented by venous supercharging. Using a prospective comparative study, we thus explored the effect of venous supercharging on the reliability of these useful workhorse flaps. Methods We prospectively included 38 patients who received a conventional DBNCSF and 38 patients who received a supercharged version of this flap (sDBNCSF) between January 2012 and July 2016. Results No significant difference was identified between the groups in terms of age, sex, comorbidity, or defect origin. The main reconstruction etiology was traumatic (open fracture, scar disunion, and chronic osteitis). The flap size was noticeably larger in the sDBNCSF group, albeit without significance. The length-width ratio was significantly greater in the sDBNCSF group (6.08 vs. 5.53, p = 0.022). Venous congestion was significantly more common in the non-supercharged group (28.6 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.01), as was coverage failure (23.7 vs. 2.6%, p = 0.035). Conclusion There are significant benefits to using venous supercharging of DBNCSF, when technically feasible. In our experience, venous supercharging increases reliability, allows the raise of larger skin paddles with much narrower pedicles limiting the morbidity of the procedure, and improves the functional and esthetic results.

scholarly journals The Anterolateral Ligament: An Anatomic Study on Sex-Based Differences

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 232596711668938 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matt Daggett ◽  
Camilo Helito ◽  
Matthew Cullen ◽  
Andrew Ockuly ◽  
Kyle Busch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Female Athletes ◽  
Cruciate Ligament ◽  
Lateral Meniscus ◽  
Knee Laxity ◽  
Anterolateral Ligament ◽  
Acl Rupture ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Length Width ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Anterior Cruciate

Background: The anterolateral ligament (ALL) has been shown to have an important role in rotatory stability of the knee. While there is abundant research on sex-based differences related to anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture, there is a paucity of literature related to such differences in the ALL. Purpose: To define any sex-based differences in the ALL with regard to length, width, and thickness. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: The ALL was initially evaluated in 165 unpaired knees (92 males and 65 females after exclusion criteria applied). The length, width, and thickness of the ALL were measured using a digital caliper. Width and thickness were measured at the joint line just superior to the lateral meniscus. The Mann-Whitney test and Student t tests were used to compare measurements between males and females. The Pearson product-moment correlation was subsequently used to determine the correlation between height and weight and the statistically different morphometric variables. Results: The mean (±SD) thickness of the ALL in males was 2.09 ± 0.56 mm, almost twice as thick as females (1.05 ± 0.49 mm; P = 8.8 × 10−20). There was also a statistically significant difference in ALL length ( P = 3.8 × 10−7), but no significant difference was found for width. A moderate association was found between donor height and ALL thickness and length. Conclusion: The anatomic measurements of the ALL demonstrate a difference between sexes, and the ALL is significantly thicker in males than females. Clinical Relevance: As the role of the ALL in rotatory stability of the knee becomes better understood, the difference in the thickness of the ALL we have found between the sexes may be another factor why female athletes have an increased incidence of ACL rupture compared with males. This may also help explain why females have issues with knee laxity and rotatory instability.

Anatomical, physical, and mechanical parameters of clone plantation tree, Cunninghamia lanceolata

BioResources ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 3494-3519
Author(s):  
Yuanhe Li ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Yi Song ◽  
Yu Guo ◽  
Lihong Yao
Keyword(s):  
Wall Thickness ◽  
Annual Ring ◽  
Basic Density ◽  
Cunninghamia Lanceolata ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Tracheid Length ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Tissue Proportion ◽  
Double Wall

Anatomical characteristics of the plantation tree, Cunninghamia lanceolata were studied. Clonal variability and intra-tree variation, as well as its possibilities of application to the wood industry were analyzed for four clones. Tracheid length from the first to 17th annual ring within clones increased rapidly at first, and then plateaued. The maximum value appeared at the 14th annual ring of clone IV (3795 μm), and the minimum value appeared at the 1st annual ring of clone I (849 μm). Tracheid width and tracheid double wall thickness increased first and then tended to be flat or slightly decreased; tracheid length to width ratio showed an overall increasing trend; the variation of tracheid double wall thickness was not significant. Between clones, the variation coefficient of tracheid width, double wall thickness, and wall to cavity ratio were large. The tissue proportion within clones from large to small was the following: tracheid proportion > wood ray proportion > parenchyma proportion, and there was no significant difference between clones. The basic density within clones showed a gradual increase but a certain fluctuation; the difference between clones was not significant. The maximum crystallinity appeared in clone II (sapwood 55.1%, heartwood 51.2%), and the difference between clones was not significant.

scholarly journals Differential Effect of Population Density on Shape and Size of Cylindrical Red Beet (Beta vulgaris L.) Genotypes

1995 ◽  
Vol 120 (6) ◽  
pp. 906-908 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.L. Goldman
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Shape Index ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Lower Yield ◽  
Red Beet ◽  
Length Width ◽  
Genotype Interaction ◽  
Bottom Width ◽  
Shape And Size

The effects of population density on shape and size of cylindrical red beet genotypes were evaluated in a field experiment during 1994 and 1995. Two F1 hybrids and two open-pollinated genotypes were planted in replicated trials consisting of three population densities. Yield, harvest weight, percent harvestable beets per plot, length, middle width, top width, bottom width, length × width, length to width ratio, and a shape index (SI) were measured on a sample of beet plants from each plot. The density × genotype interaction was nonsignificant for all 10 traits. Averaged over genotypes, significant differences among densities were found for harvest weight, percent harvestable beets per plot, length, middle width, and length × width. In general, greater harvest weights, a higher percentage of harvestable beets, and greater length, middle width, and length × width values were found at low density. Averaged over densities, significant differences among genotypes were measured for all 10 traits. The open-pollinated genotypes Cyndor and Cylindra exhibited lower yield, lower harvest weight, greater SI, and a higher percentage of harvestable beets than their hybrid counterparts. These data demonstrate that population density has a differential and significant effect on the shape and size of cylindrical beet genotypes.

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